Ukrayna Savaşı’nın Üçüncü Yılına Girerken AB’nin Pandemi Sonrası Enerji Politikası: Prangalanma mı? Sorumluluğu Paslama mı?

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1, 85 - 113, 13.02.2025

Sıla Turaç Baykara

https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2025.04

Öz

2019 yılında duyurulan Avrupa Yeşil Şartı’ndan hemen sonra gelen COVID-19 pandemisinin AB’nin enerji politikasındaki karbonsuzlaştırma ivmesini azaltacağı beklenirken gelişmeler aksini göstermektedir. 2020 ve 2021’de devletlerin temel politika önceliği COVID-19 salgınıyla mücadele iken Şubat 2022’de ise bu durum hızla yerini Rusya’nın Ukrayna’ya saldırısı almıştır. COVID-19 pandemisinin neden olduğu krizin enerji dönüşümüne yönelik bir fırsat mı yoksa bir tehdit mi olduğu konusu henüz nihayete ermemişken Rusya’nın Ukrayna’ya saldırısı AB'nin enerji politikasında enerji güvenliği ve karbondan arındırma önceliklerini değiştirmiştir. Rusya’nın Ukrayna’yı işgalinin üçüncü senesine girerken hem COVID-19 Pandemisi hem de Ukrayna Savaşı tecrübe etmiş olan AB enerji politikası nasıl şekillenmiştir? Çalışma bu sorunun yanıtını Christensen ve Snyder'ın (1990) neorealizme dayalı prangalanma (chain-ganging) ve sorumluluğu paslama (buck-passing) teorisinde aramaya çalışmaktadır. Çalışma, AB ve üye ülkelerinin COVID-19 pandemisi ve sonrasında başlayan Ukrayna Savaşı sürecinde enerji politikalarını prangalanma ve sorumluluğu paslama stratejilerinden karşılıklı bağımlılık içeren prangalanma stratejisi temelinde şekillendirdikleri sonucuna varmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

AB Enerji Politikası, Ukrayna Savaşı, COVID-19 Pandemisi, Prangalanma, Sorumluluğu Paslama

EU’s Post-Pandemic Energy Policy as the Ukrainian War Enters Its Third Year: Chain-Ganging or Buck-Passing?

Öz

While it was expected that the COVID-19 pandemic, which came right after the European Green Deal announced in 2019, would reduce the momentum of decarbonization in the EU’s energy policy, developments point the opposite. While the main policy priority of states in 2020 and 2021 was to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, this situation was quickly replaced by Russia's attack on Ukraine in February 2022. While the issue of whether the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is an opportunity or a threat to the energy transformation has not yet been resolved, Russia’s attack on Ukraine has changed the priorities of energy security and decarbonization in the EU’s energy policy. Therefore, in the third year of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, how was the EU’s post pandemic energy policy affected? The study aims to reveal the answer to this question in Christensen and Snyder’s (1990) theory of chain-ganging and buck-passing based on neorealism. The study concludes that the EU and its member countries shaped their energy policies during the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent Ukrainian War, on the basis of a chain-ganging strategy that includes interdependence rather than buck-passing strategy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

EU Energy Policy, Ukrainian War, COVID-19 Pandemic, Chain-Ganging, Buck-Passing

Kaynakça

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