Importance of Black Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) for Nutrition and Health: Biological Activities

Öz

Black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) is rich in protein, free and conjugated forms of amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, fiber fractions, vitamins, antioxidants and minerals. Due to its rich content, it is used in multi-purpose foods and as a nutritional supplement today. Both the flowers and fruits of black elderberry are used in traditional medicine for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes. The most important group of polyphenols obtained from black elderberry flowers are chlorogenic acids and coumaroylquinic acids. It is rich in phenolic acids and flavonoids. It contains high anthocyanins. Anthocyanins are natural antioxidants. In addition, anthocyanins show anticarcinogenic, immunostimulating, antiallergic, antibacterial and antiviral properties. The healing properties of black elderberry are characterized by a strong antioxidant effect. This situation is associated with the presence of phenolic compounds, which can eliminate free radicals and prevent oxidative stress, which has negative effects on the human body. It is known to have significant anti-microbial effects. It shows the effect of regulating defense mechanisms in both health and disease states. It is known that it can be beneficial in the activation of the immune system and the inflammation process. Polyphenolic extract from black elderberry has protective effects for cardiovascular health. In this review, the biological properties of elderberry components such as antioxidant active, anticarcinogenic, antidiuretic, antimicrobial and cardiovascular effects are presented.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antioxidant
• functional food
• herbal food
• healthy diet
• medicinal plant

Beslenme ve Sağlık İçin Kara Mürver’in (Sambucus nigra L.) Önemi: Biyolojik Aktiviteleri

Öz

Kara mürver (Sambucus nigra L.) protein, serbest ve konjuge amino asit formları, doymamış yağ asitleri, lif fraksiyonları, vitaminler, antioksidanlar ve mineraller bakımından zengindir. Zengin içeriği sebebiyle günümüzde çok amaçlı gıdalarda ve besin takviyesi olarak kullanılmaktadır. Kara mürverin, hem çiçekleri hem de meyveleri geleneksel tıpta profilaktik ve tedavi amaçlı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Kara mürver çiçeklerinden elde edilen en önemli polifenol grubu klorojenik asitler ve kumaroilkinik asitlerdir. Fenolik asitler ve flavonoidler açısından oldukça zengindir. Kara mürver yüksek antosiyanin barındırmaktadır. Antosiyoninler doğal antioksidanlardır. Ayrıca antosiyoninler antikanserojen, immün sistem uyarıcı, antialerjik, antibakteriyel ve antiviral özellik gösterirler. Kara mürverin iyileştirici özellikleri güçlü bir antioksidan etki göstermesi ile karakterizedir. Bu durum serbest radikalleri ortadan kaldırabilen ve insan vücudunda olumsuz etkiler gösteren oksidatif stresi önleyebilen fenolik bileşiklerin varlığı ile ilişkilidir. Kara mürverlerin önemli anti-mikrobiyal etkiye sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. Kara mürver, hem sağlık hem de hastalık durumunda savunma mekanizmalarını düzenleme etkisi göstermektedir. Bağışıklık sistemi aktivasyonunda ve iltihaplanma sürecinde faydalı olabileceğini bilinmektedir. Kara mürverden elde edilen polifenolik özüt, kalp-damar sağlığı için koruyucu etkilere sahiptir. Bu derleme çalışmasında kara mürverin antioksidan aktivitesi, antikanserojen, antidiüretik, antimikrobiyal ve kardiyovasküler etkileri gibi biyolojik özellikleri sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antioksidan
• fonksiyonel besin
• bitkisel besin
• sağlıklı beslenme
• tıbbi bitki

Kaynakça

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