Gıdalardaki Antibiyotik Kalıntıları

Öz

Antibiyotiklerin hayvanlara; profilaktik, kemoteröpatik ve büyümeyi teşvik gibi amaçlar için kullanıldığı bilinmektedir. Antibiyotikler, ilaç prospektüsündeki kullanım talimatlarına uygun kullanılmaması, hijyen kurallarına uyulmaması, önerilen dozajlardan fazla kullanılması, bekletme sürelerine uyulmaması gibi sebepler ile hayvan dokularında ve hayvan ürünlerinde kalıntı olarak kalabilmektedir. Gıda olarak kullanılan hayvan dokularında ve hayvansal ürünlerdeki antibiyotik kalıntıları, düşük doz maruziyet yoluyla doğrudan hastalığa neden olarak veya antibiyotik direnci yoluyla dolaylı olarak insan sağlığı üzerinde olumsuz etkilere sebep olabilmektedir. Antibiyotik kalıntıları yalnızca hayvansal kaynaklı gıdalarda bulunmamaktadır. Tarım arazilerine gübre veya çiftlik atıklarının uygulanması ile birlikte toprağa antibiyotik kalıntıları geçebilmekte ve bu durumda topraktan yetişen gıda gruplarında antibiyotik kalıntılarının saptanmasına sebep olabilmektedir. Ancak, gıdalardaki antibiyotik ekstraksiyonu ve analizi için henüz bir standart metot oluşturulmamıştır ve çeşitli gıda türlerindeki antibiyotik kalıntı durumuna ilişkin nispeten az sayıda veri bulunmaktadır. Mevcut veriler ile gıdalardaki antibiyotik kalıntılarının insan sağlığına potansiyel etkileri bilinmemekte ve oldukça çelişkili sonuçlar elde edilmektedir. Bu nedenle bu derleme çalışmada literatürde bulunan gıdalardaki antibiyotik kalıntıları ile ilgili bilgilerin derlenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• antibiyotik
• kalıntı
• gıda
• et ürünleri
• süt ürünleri

Antibiotic Residues in Food

Öz

Antibiotics to animals; it is known to be used for purposes such as prophylactic, chemotherapeutic and growth stimulation. Antibiotics may remain as residues in animal tissues and animal products due to reasons such as not being used in accordance with the instructions for use in the drug insert, not complying with the hygiene rules, using more than the recommended dosages, not complying with the waiting times. Antibiotic residues in animal tissues and animal products used as food can cause adverse effects on human health directly by causing disease through low dose exposure or indirectly through antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic residues are not only found in foods of animal origin. With the application of fertilizer or farm wastes to the agricultural land, antibiotic residues can pass into the soil and in this case, it may cause the detection of antibiotic residues in food groups grown from the soil. However, a standard method for antibiotic extraction and analysis in foods has not yet been established and relatively few data are available on antibiotic residue status in various food types. With the existing data, the potential effects of antibiotic residues in foods on human health are unknown and quite contradictory results are obtained. Therefore, in this review study, it was aimed to compile and evaluate the information about antibiotic residues in foods in the literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antibiotic
• Residue
• Food
• Meat Products
• Dairy Products

Kaynakça

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