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Alkol ve Gastrointestinal Mikrobiyota

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 18 - 22, 30.06.2019

Öz

Aşırı alkol
kullanımı sebep olduğu çeşitli patolojik sorunlar nedeniyle günümüzde küresel
bir sorundur. Yapılan çalışmalar göstermektedir ki; aşırı alkol kullanımı
bağırsak mikrobiyotasında disbiyotik değişikliklere neden olabilmektedir.
Mikrobiyotanın, özellikle de gastrointestinal mikrobiyotanın birçok hastalığın
gelişiminde kilit rol oynadığı son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarla
gösterilmiştir. Kronik alkol kullanımı, bağırsaktaki artan oksidatif stres yükü
yoluyla bağırsak bariyerini bozarak ve bağırsak aşırı geçirgenliğinde artışa
neden olmaktadır. Artmış olan bu bağırsak aşırı geçirgenliği, endotoksin gibi
proinflamatuar/patojen mikrobiyal ürünlerin portal ven vasıtasıyla bağırsak
lümeninden karaciğere geçişine izin verir. Bu bakteriyel ürünlere maruziyet
sonucunda karaciğerde inflamasyon gelişebilir. Kronik alkol kullanımının
bağırsak mikrobiyotası üzerine etkileri konusunda insan ve hayvanlarda yapılan
çalışmalar son derece az olmasına rağmen önemli veriler sağlamaktadır.
Gelecekte daha fazla çalışma ile alkolün bağırsak mikrobiyotası üzerine etkileri
çok daha iyi anlaşılabilecektir. Bu derlemede, alkol tüketiminin
gastrointestinal sistem mikrobiyotası üzerindeki etkileri incelenecektir.
 

Kaynakça

  • Bode, J. C. et al. (1984). Jejunal microflora in patients with chronic alcohol abuse. Hepatogastroenterology, 31(1): 30–34.
  • Chen, Y. et al. (2011). Characterization of fecal microbial communities in patients with liver cirrhosis. Hepatology, 54(2): 562–572. doi: 10.1002/hep.24423.
  • Engen, P. A. et al. (2015). The Gastrointestinal Microbiome: Alcohol effects on the composition of intestinal microbiota. Alcohol Research, 37(2): 223-236.
  • Gibson, G. R. et al. (1995). Selective stimulation of bifidobacteria in the human colon by oligofructose and inulin. Gastroenterology, 108(4): 975–982.
  • Guarner, C. et al. (1997). Intestinal bacterial overgrowth and bacterial translocation in cirrhotic rats with ascites. Journal of Hepatology, 26(6): 1372–1378.
  • Guarner, F. and Malagelada, J. R. (2003). Gut flora in health and disease. Lancet, 361(9356): 512–519.
  • Keshavarzian, A. et al. (1999). Leaky gut in alcoholic cirrhosis: A possible mechanism for alcohol-induced liver damage. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 94(1): 200–207.
  • Liu, Q. et al. (2004). Synbiotic modulation of gut flora: Effect on minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology, 39(5):1441–1449.
  • Lozupone, C. A. et al. (2012). Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota. Nature, 489(7415): 220–230. doi: 10.1038/nature11550
  • Mutlu, E. et al. (2009). Intestinal dysbiosis: A possible mechanism of alcohol-induced endotoxemia and alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 33(10): 1836–1846.
  • Mutlu, E. A. et al. (2012). Colonic microbiome is altered in alcoholism. American Journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 302(9): G966-G978. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00380.2011
  • Queipo-Ortuno, M. I. et al. (2012). Influence of red wine polyphenols and ethanol on the gut microbiota ecology and biochemical biomarkers. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 95(6): 1323–1334.
  • Rimola, A. (1991). Infections in liver disease. In: Oxford Textbook of Clinical Hepatology. Oxford, England; Oxford University Press.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). (2004). Global Status Report: Alcohol Policy. Geneva: Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, WHO.
  • Yılmaz, K. and Altındiş, M. (2017). Gastrointestinal microbiota and fecal transplantation. Nobel Medicus Journal, 13(1): 9-15.

Alcohol and gastrointestinal microbiota

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 18 - 22, 30.06.2019

Öz

Due to
various pathological problems caused by excessive alcohol use, it is a global
problem nowadays. Studies done shows that; Excessive alcohol consumption can
cause disbiotic changes in the intestinal microbiota. Recent studies have shown
that microbiota plays a key role in the development of many diseases,
especially gastrointestinal microbiota. Chronic alcohol use causes an increase
in intestinal over permeability by disrupting the intestinal barrier through
increased oxidative stress loading in the intestine. This increased intestinal
over permeability allows the passage of proinflammatory/pathogenic microbial
products such as endotoxin through the intestinal lumen to the liver via the
portal vein. Exposure to these bacterial products may cause inflammation in the
liver. Although human and animal studies on the effects of chronic alcohol use
on intestinal microbiota are extremely rare, they provide important data.
Further studies in the future will be able to better understand the effects on
alcohol intestinal microbiota. In this review, the effects of alcohol
consumption on the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract will be examined.

Kaynakça

  • Bode, J. C. et al. (1984). Jejunal microflora in patients with chronic alcohol abuse. Hepatogastroenterology, 31(1): 30–34.
  • Chen, Y. et al. (2011). Characterization of fecal microbial communities in patients with liver cirrhosis. Hepatology, 54(2): 562–572. doi: 10.1002/hep.24423.
  • Engen, P. A. et al. (2015). The Gastrointestinal Microbiome: Alcohol effects on the composition of intestinal microbiota. Alcohol Research, 37(2): 223-236.
  • Gibson, G. R. et al. (1995). Selective stimulation of bifidobacteria in the human colon by oligofructose and inulin. Gastroenterology, 108(4): 975–982.
  • Guarner, C. et al. (1997). Intestinal bacterial overgrowth and bacterial translocation in cirrhotic rats with ascites. Journal of Hepatology, 26(6): 1372–1378.
  • Guarner, F. and Malagelada, J. R. (2003). Gut flora in health and disease. Lancet, 361(9356): 512–519.
  • Keshavarzian, A. et al. (1999). Leaky gut in alcoholic cirrhosis: A possible mechanism for alcohol-induced liver damage. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 94(1): 200–207.
  • Liu, Q. et al. (2004). Synbiotic modulation of gut flora: Effect on minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology, 39(5):1441–1449.
  • Lozupone, C. A. et al. (2012). Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota. Nature, 489(7415): 220–230. doi: 10.1038/nature11550
  • Mutlu, E. et al. (2009). Intestinal dysbiosis: A possible mechanism of alcohol-induced endotoxemia and alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 33(10): 1836–1846.
  • Mutlu, E. A. et al. (2012). Colonic microbiome is altered in alcoholism. American Journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 302(9): G966-G978. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00380.2011
  • Queipo-Ortuno, M. I. et al. (2012). Influence of red wine polyphenols and ethanol on the gut microbiota ecology and biochemical biomarkers. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 95(6): 1323–1334.
  • Rimola, A. (1991). Infections in liver disease. In: Oxford Textbook of Clinical Hepatology. Oxford, England; Oxford University Press.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). (2004). Global Status Report: Alcohol Policy. Geneva: Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, WHO.
  • Yılmaz, K. and Altındiş, M. (2017). Gastrointestinal microbiota and fecal transplantation. Nobel Medicus Journal, 13(1): 9-15.
Toplam 15 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Kerem Yılmaz 0000-0002-1626-5172

Mustafa Altındiş 0000-0003-0411-9669

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2019
Kabul Tarihi 21 Haziran 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Yılmaz, K., & Altındiş, M. (2019). Alkol ve Gastrointestinal Mikrobiyota. Academic Platform Journal of Halal Lifestyle, 1(1), 18-22.

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Academic Platform Journal of Halal Lifestyle