Aile, bireylerin psikolojik, duygusal ve manevi ihtiyaçlarının karşılandığı temel bir yapı taşıdır. Özellikle eşler arasındaki manevi doyum, aile içi huzurun sağlanmasında ve bireylerin yaşamdan tatmin olmasında önemli bir rol oynar. Bu bağlamda, eşler arasındaki manevi doyumun, genel yaşam doyumunu nasıl etkilediği merak uyandıran bir araştırma alanıdır. Bu çalışmada, ailede eşler arasında algılanan manevi doyum ile yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma 2024 yılında Çorum’da 402 katılımcı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada “Eşler Arasında Algılanan Manevi Doyum Ölceği” ve “Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre katılımcıların hem ailede eşler arasında manevi doyum hem de yaşam doyumu algılarının yüksek düzeyde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ailede eşler arasında algılanan manevi doyum ölçeğinin tüm faktörlerinde gruplar arasında anlamlı düzeyde farklılık olduğu; diğerkâmlık faktöründe kadınlar lehine diğer dört faktörde ise erkekler lehine olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. 21-34 yaş grubundaki katılımcıların manevi doyum düzeylerinin diğer yaş grubundaki katılımcılara göre yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Eğitim durumu ve evlenme yaşı manevi doyuma ve yaşam doyumuna etki etmezken, algılanan yüksek ekonomik düzeyin alt gruba göre yaşam doyumunu arttırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Evlilik süresinin eşler arasındaki manevi doyumu etkileyen faktörlerden biri olduğu ve evlilik süresi 0-5 yıl olan katılımcıların manevi doyumunun daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ancak çocuk sahibi olmanın ise eşler arasındaki manevi doyumu düşürdüğü görülmüştür. Araştırmada ailede eşler arasındaki manevi doyum ve yaşam doyumu arasında pozitif yönde, anlamlı ve genel olarak orta düzeyde bir ilişkinin olduğu diğer bir ifadeyle manevi doyumun yüksek olmasının yaşam doyumunu da olumlu etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla eşler arasındaki manevi doyumun, bireylerin yaşam kalitesini ve genel mutluluğunu arttırdığı söylenebilir.
Bu çalışma için Hitit Üniversitesi Girişimsel Olmayan Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu'ndan 05.04.2024 tarih ve 2024-127 sayılı izin alınmıştır.
Kaynakça
Amato, Paul R. - Keith, Bruce. “Parental Divorce and the Well-being of Children: A Meta-analysis”. Psychological
Bulletin 110/1 (1991), 26-46. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.110.1.26
Amato, Paul R. - Previti, Denise. “People’s Reasons for Divorcing: Gender, Social Class, the Life Course and
Adjustment”. Journal of Family Issues 24/5 (2003), 657-658.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X03024005002
Bahr, Howard M. - Chadwick, Bruce. A. “Religion and Family in Middletown: USA”. Journal of Marriage and Family
47/2 (1985), 407-414. https://doi.org/10.2307/352140
Bakker, Arnold B. – Demerouti, Evangelia “The Job Demands-Resources Model: State of the Art”. Journal of
Managerial Psychology 22/3 (2007), 309-328. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115
Bakker, Arnold B. – Demerouti, Evangelia. “The Spillover-Crossover Model”. New Frontiers in Work and Family
Research, ed. J. G. Grzywacz, E. Demerouti, (London: Psychology Press, 2013), 55-70.
Bodenmann, Guy - vd. “Stress, Sex and Satisfaction in Marriage”. Personal Relationship 14/4 (2007), 551-569.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2007.00171.x
Büyüköztürk, Şener. Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık, 27. Basım, 2020.
Büyüköztürk, Şener vd. Eğitimde Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık, 35. Basım,
2024.
Cengil, Muammer – Koç, Ahmet. “Eşler Arasında Algılanan Manevi Doyum Ölçeği (EŞMDÖ)”. Bozok Üniversitesi
İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 24 (Aralık 2023), 87-115. https://doi.org/10.51553/bozifder.1336842
Clark, Andrew E. – Oswald, Andrew. J. “Satisfaction and Comparison Income”. Journal of Public Economics 61/3
(1996), 359-381. https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(95)01564-7
Conger, Rand D.vd. “Economic Pressure, Parent Personality and Child Development: An Interactionist Analysis”.
Historical Social Research 35/2 (2010) 169-194. https://doi.org/10.2307/20762455
Dağlı, Abidin – Baysal, Nigah. “Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik
Çalışması”. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 15/59 (Ekim 2016), 1250-1262.
https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.263229
Diener, Ed. – Biswas-Diener, Robert. “Will Money Increase Subjective Well-being”. Social Indicators Research 57/2
(2002), 119-169. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014411319119
Diener, Ed vd. “The Satisfaction with Life Scale”. Journal of Personality Assessment 49/1 (1985), 71-75.
https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
Easterlin, Richard. A. “Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot? Some Empirical Evidence”. In Nations
and households in economic growth In Nations and Households in Economic Growth: Essays in Honor of Moses
Abramovitz, ed. Paul A. David, Melvin W. Reder. Elsevier Science and Technology, 89-125, 1974.
Eagly, Alice H. - Wood, Wendy. “The Origins of Sex Differences in Human Behavior: Evolved Dispositions Versus
Social Roles”. American Psychologist 54/6 (1999), 408-423. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.54.6.408
Emmons, Robert A. vd. The Psychology of Gratitude. The Guilford Press, 2003.
George, Darren – Mallery, Paul. SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference 17.0. Boston: Pearson,
10. Basım, 2010.
Greenhaus, Jeffry. H. – Beutell, Nicholas. J. “Sources of Conflict Between Work and Family Roles”. Academy of
Management Review 10/1 (1985), 76-88. https://doi.org/10.2307/258214
Graham, Carol L. – Pettinato, Stefano. Happiness and Hardship: Opportunity and Insecurity in New Market Economies.
Washington: Bookings Institution Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/20033289
Gottman, John. M. - Silver, Nan. The Seven Principles for Making Marriage Work. New York: Crown Publishers, 1999.
Handal, Paul J. – Lace, John W. “Differential Effects of Family Structure on Religion and Spirituality of Emerging
Adult Males and Females”. Journal of Religion and Health 56 (2017), 1361-1370.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-016-0343-3
Hahs-Vaughn, Debbie L. – Lomax, Richard G. An Introduction to Statistical Concepts. London: Routledge, 2013.
Helliwell, John F. vd. “World Happiness Report 2019”. Sustainable Development Solutions Network. Erişim Tarihi
10.09.2024. https://worldhappiness.report/ed/2019
Hetherington, E.M. - Kelly, Julian. For Better or for Worse: Divorce Reconsidered. New York: W.W. Norton & Company,
2002.
Hochschild, Arlie Russel. The Time Bind: When Work Becomes Home and Home Becomes Work. New York: Metropolitan
Books, 2001.
Jackson, Jeffrey B., vd. “Gender Differences in Marital Satisfaction: A Meta-analysis”. Journal of Marriage and
Family 76/1 (2014), 105-129. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12077
Joshi, Shobhna, vd. “Religious Belief and Its Relation to Psychological Well-being”. Journal of the Indian Academy of
Applied Psychology 34/2, (2008), 345–354.
Kahneman, Daniel - Deaton, Angus. “High Income Improves Evaluation of Life but Not Emotional Well-Being”.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) 107/38 (2010), 16489-16493.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1011492107
Kawachi, I. - Berkman, Lisa F. “Social Ties and Mental Health”. Journal of Urban Health 78/3 (2001), 458-467.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jurban/78.3.458
Koç, Ahmet – Cengil, Muammer, “Ailede Çocuklarda ve Ergenlerde Algılanan Manevi Doyum Ölçeği (AÇAMDÖ)”.
Amasya İlahiyat Dergisi 21 (2023), 385-423. https://doi.org/ 10.18498/amailad.1336900
Koenig, Harold G., vd., “Religious Coping and Health Status in Medically Ill Hospitilazied Older Adults”. Journal of
Nervous & Mental Disease 186/9 (1998), 513-521. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199809000-00001
Koenig, Harold G. “Religious Coping and Depression Among Elderly, Haspitalized Mecically İll Men”. The
American Journal of Psychiatry 149/12 (1992), 1693-1700. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.149.12.1693
Lammers, Joris vd. “Power Increases Social Distance”. Social Psychological and Personality Science 3/3, (2011) 1238-
1245. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550611418679
Lavretsky, Helen. “Spirituality and Aging”. Aging Health 6/6 (2010), 749-769. https://doi.org/10.2217/ahe.10.70
Pargament, Kenneth. I. The Psychology of Religion and Coping: Theory, Research and Practice. New York: Guilford
Press, 1997.
Parker, David F. - DeCotiis, T. A. “Organizational Determinants of Job Stress”. Organizational Behavior and Human
Performance 32/2 (1983), 260-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(83)90145-9
Proulx, Christine-Helms, Heather M. “Marital Quality and Personal Well-Being: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal
Studies”. Journal of Marriage and Family 69/3 (2007), 576-593. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-
3737.2007.00393.x
Ramadhina, Fenisa vd. “Spirituality and Marital Satisfaction as Predictors of Subjective Happiness in Married
Couples”. Conference: Proceedings of the 1st Pedagogika International Conference on Educational Innovation,
PICEI 2022 (2022), Gorontalo Indonesia. https://eudl.eu/pdf/10.4108/eai.15-9-2022.2335887
Rusbult, Caryl. E. - Agnew, Christopher – Arriaga Ximena, “The Investment Model of Commitment Processes”.
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications, 2011.
Sayın, Mine, vd. “The Relationship of Marital Satisfaction and Life Satisfaction with Spiritual Orientation: The
Mediating Role of Sacrifice and Sensitivity”. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling 4 (2019), 237-256.
http://dx.doi.org/10.37898/spc.2019.4.3.083
Seligman, Martin. Authentic Happiness: Using the New Positive Psychology to Realize Your Potential for Lasting
Fulfillment. New York: Free Press, 2002.
Snyder, Charles R. – Lopez, Shane L. Handbook of Positive Psychology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
Sweeney, Megan “Two Decades of Family Change: The Shifting Economic Foundations of Marriage”. American
Sociological Review 67/1 (2002), 132-147. https://doi.org/10.2307/3088937
Veenhoven, Ruut. Conditions of Happiness. Boston: Springer, 2011.
Waite, Linda J. – Gallagher, Maggle. The Case for Marriage: Why Married People Are Happier, Healthier and Better off
Financially. New York: Doubleday, 2001.
Walsh, Froma. Strengthening Family Resilience. New York: The Guilford Press, 2016.
Wrzensiewski, Amy - Dutton, Jane E. “Crafting a Job: Revisioning Employees as Active Crafters of Their Work”.
Academy of Management Review 26/2 (2001), 179-201. https://doi.org/10.2307/259118
Warnick, David D. Pre-Marriage Workbook for Couples: Prepare for a Lifetime of Love: Your Step-by-Step Guide
to Building a Resilient and Joyful Union. Traverse City: Independent Publisher, 2024.
Zhang, Cheng – Liang, Yanan, “The Impact of Education Level on Marital Satisfaction: Evidence from Chine”.
Social Sciences & Humanities Open 7/1 (2023), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100487
Zhumgalbekov, Argen, vd. “Evli Bireylerin Evlilik Uyumu ve Yaşam Doyumunun İncelenmesi”. Ahmet Keleşoğlu
Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (AKEF) 5(1) 2023, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.38151/akef.2023.41
The Relationship between Perceived Spiritual Satisfaction and Life Satisfaction between Spouses in the Family
The family is a fundamental building block where individuals' psychological, emotional, and spiritual needs are met. Spiritual satisfaction, especially between spouses, is vital in ensuring peace within the family and individuals' satisfaction with life. In this context, how spiritual satisfaction between spouses affects general life satisfaction is an intriguing area of research. This study aimed to examine the relationship between spiritual satisfaction perceived between spouses in the family and life satisfaction. The research was conducted in Çorum in 2024 with 402 participants. The “The Scale of Perceived Spiritual Satisfaction Between Spouses” and “Life Satisfaction Scale” were used in the research. According to the research findings, it was determined that the participants' perceptions of both spiritual satisfaction between spouses in the family and life satisfaction were high. It was revealed that there was a significant difference between the groups in all factors of the spiritual satisfaction scale perceived between spouses in the family; it was in favor of women in the altruism factor and favor of men in the other four factors. It was observed that the spiritual satisfaction levels of the 21-34 age group were higher than the participants in different age groups. While the educational status and age of marriage did not affect spiritual and life satisfaction, it was determined that the perceived high economic level increased life satisfaction according to the subgroup. It was determined that the duration of marriage was one of the factors affecting the spiritual satisfaction between the spouses and that the spiritual satisfaction of the participants whose marriage period was 0-5 years was higher. However, it was observed that having children decreased the spiritual satisfaction between the spouses. The study determined that there was a positive, significant, and generally medium-level relationship between the perceived spiritual satisfaction and life satisfaction between the spouses in the family; in other words, the high level of spiritual satisfaction also positively affected life satisfaction. Therefore, it can be said that spiritual satisfaction between the spouses increases the quality of life and general happiness of the individuals.
Amato, Paul R. - Keith, Bruce. “Parental Divorce and the Well-being of Children: A Meta-analysis”. Psychological
Bulletin 110/1 (1991), 26-46. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.110.1.26
Amato, Paul R. - Previti, Denise. “People’s Reasons for Divorcing: Gender, Social Class, the Life Course and
Adjustment”. Journal of Family Issues 24/5 (2003), 657-658.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X03024005002
Bahr, Howard M. - Chadwick, Bruce. A. “Religion and Family in Middletown: USA”. Journal of Marriage and Family
47/2 (1985), 407-414. https://doi.org/10.2307/352140
Bakker, Arnold B. – Demerouti, Evangelia “The Job Demands-Resources Model: State of the Art”. Journal of
Managerial Psychology 22/3 (2007), 309-328. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115
Bakker, Arnold B. – Demerouti, Evangelia. “The Spillover-Crossover Model”. New Frontiers in Work and Family
Research, ed. J. G. Grzywacz, E. Demerouti, (London: Psychology Press, 2013), 55-70.
Bodenmann, Guy - vd. “Stress, Sex and Satisfaction in Marriage”. Personal Relationship 14/4 (2007), 551-569.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2007.00171.x
Büyüköztürk, Şener. Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık, 27. Basım, 2020.
Büyüköztürk, Şener vd. Eğitimde Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık, 35. Basım,
2024.
Cengil, Muammer – Koç, Ahmet. “Eşler Arasında Algılanan Manevi Doyum Ölçeği (EŞMDÖ)”. Bozok Üniversitesi
İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 24 (Aralık 2023), 87-115. https://doi.org/10.51553/bozifder.1336842
Clark, Andrew E. – Oswald, Andrew. J. “Satisfaction and Comparison Income”. Journal of Public Economics 61/3
(1996), 359-381. https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(95)01564-7
Conger, Rand D.vd. “Economic Pressure, Parent Personality and Child Development: An Interactionist Analysis”.
Historical Social Research 35/2 (2010) 169-194. https://doi.org/10.2307/20762455
Dağlı, Abidin – Baysal, Nigah. “Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik
Çalışması”. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 15/59 (Ekim 2016), 1250-1262.
https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.263229
Diener, Ed. – Biswas-Diener, Robert. “Will Money Increase Subjective Well-being”. Social Indicators Research 57/2
(2002), 119-169. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014411319119
Diener, Ed vd. “The Satisfaction with Life Scale”. Journal of Personality Assessment 49/1 (1985), 71-75.
https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
Easterlin, Richard. A. “Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot? Some Empirical Evidence”. In Nations
and households in economic growth In Nations and Households in Economic Growth: Essays in Honor of Moses
Abramovitz, ed. Paul A. David, Melvin W. Reder. Elsevier Science and Technology, 89-125, 1974.
Eagly, Alice H. - Wood, Wendy. “The Origins of Sex Differences in Human Behavior: Evolved Dispositions Versus
Social Roles”. American Psychologist 54/6 (1999), 408-423. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.54.6.408
Emmons, Robert A. vd. The Psychology of Gratitude. The Guilford Press, 2003.
George, Darren – Mallery, Paul. SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference 17.0. Boston: Pearson,
10. Basım, 2010.
Greenhaus, Jeffry. H. – Beutell, Nicholas. J. “Sources of Conflict Between Work and Family Roles”. Academy of
Management Review 10/1 (1985), 76-88. https://doi.org/10.2307/258214
Graham, Carol L. – Pettinato, Stefano. Happiness and Hardship: Opportunity and Insecurity in New Market Economies.
Washington: Bookings Institution Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/20033289
Gottman, John. M. - Silver, Nan. The Seven Principles for Making Marriage Work. New York: Crown Publishers, 1999.
Handal, Paul J. – Lace, John W. “Differential Effects of Family Structure on Religion and Spirituality of Emerging
Adult Males and Females”. Journal of Religion and Health 56 (2017), 1361-1370.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-016-0343-3
Hahs-Vaughn, Debbie L. – Lomax, Richard G. An Introduction to Statistical Concepts. London: Routledge, 2013.
Helliwell, John F. vd. “World Happiness Report 2019”. Sustainable Development Solutions Network. Erişim Tarihi
10.09.2024. https://worldhappiness.report/ed/2019
Hetherington, E.M. - Kelly, Julian. For Better or for Worse: Divorce Reconsidered. New York: W.W. Norton & Company,
2002.
Hochschild, Arlie Russel. The Time Bind: When Work Becomes Home and Home Becomes Work. New York: Metropolitan
Books, 2001.
Jackson, Jeffrey B., vd. “Gender Differences in Marital Satisfaction: A Meta-analysis”. Journal of Marriage and
Family 76/1 (2014), 105-129. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12077
Joshi, Shobhna, vd. “Religious Belief and Its Relation to Psychological Well-being”. Journal of the Indian Academy of
Applied Psychology 34/2, (2008), 345–354.
Kahneman, Daniel - Deaton, Angus. “High Income Improves Evaluation of Life but Not Emotional Well-Being”.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) 107/38 (2010), 16489-16493.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1011492107
Kawachi, I. - Berkman, Lisa F. “Social Ties and Mental Health”. Journal of Urban Health 78/3 (2001), 458-467.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jurban/78.3.458
Koç, Ahmet – Cengil, Muammer, “Ailede Çocuklarda ve Ergenlerde Algılanan Manevi Doyum Ölçeği (AÇAMDÖ)”.
Amasya İlahiyat Dergisi 21 (2023), 385-423. https://doi.org/ 10.18498/amailad.1336900
Koenig, Harold G., vd., “Religious Coping and Health Status in Medically Ill Hospitilazied Older Adults”. Journal of
Nervous & Mental Disease 186/9 (1998), 513-521. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199809000-00001
Koenig, Harold G. “Religious Coping and Depression Among Elderly, Haspitalized Mecically İll Men”. The
American Journal of Psychiatry 149/12 (1992), 1693-1700. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.149.12.1693
Lammers, Joris vd. “Power Increases Social Distance”. Social Psychological and Personality Science 3/3, (2011) 1238-
1245. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550611418679
Lavretsky, Helen. “Spirituality and Aging”. Aging Health 6/6 (2010), 749-769. https://doi.org/10.2217/ahe.10.70
Pargament, Kenneth. I. The Psychology of Religion and Coping: Theory, Research and Practice. New York: Guilford
Press, 1997.
Parker, David F. - DeCotiis, T. A. “Organizational Determinants of Job Stress”. Organizational Behavior and Human
Performance 32/2 (1983), 260-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(83)90145-9
Proulx, Christine-Helms, Heather M. “Marital Quality and Personal Well-Being: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal
Studies”. Journal of Marriage and Family 69/3 (2007), 576-593. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-
3737.2007.00393.x
Ramadhina, Fenisa vd. “Spirituality and Marital Satisfaction as Predictors of Subjective Happiness in Married
Couples”. Conference: Proceedings of the 1st Pedagogika International Conference on Educational Innovation,
PICEI 2022 (2022), Gorontalo Indonesia. https://eudl.eu/pdf/10.4108/eai.15-9-2022.2335887
Rusbult, Caryl. E. - Agnew, Christopher – Arriaga Ximena, “The Investment Model of Commitment Processes”.
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications, 2011.
Sayın, Mine, vd. “The Relationship of Marital Satisfaction and Life Satisfaction with Spiritual Orientation: The
Mediating Role of Sacrifice and Sensitivity”. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling 4 (2019), 237-256.
http://dx.doi.org/10.37898/spc.2019.4.3.083
Seligman, Martin. Authentic Happiness: Using the New Positive Psychology to Realize Your Potential for Lasting
Fulfillment. New York: Free Press, 2002.
Snyder, Charles R. – Lopez, Shane L. Handbook of Positive Psychology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
Sweeney, Megan “Two Decades of Family Change: The Shifting Economic Foundations of Marriage”. American
Sociological Review 67/1 (2002), 132-147. https://doi.org/10.2307/3088937
Veenhoven, Ruut. Conditions of Happiness. Boston: Springer, 2011.
Waite, Linda J. – Gallagher, Maggle. The Case for Marriage: Why Married People Are Happier, Healthier and Better off
Financially. New York: Doubleday, 2001.
Walsh, Froma. Strengthening Family Resilience. New York: The Guilford Press, 2016.
Wrzensiewski, Amy - Dutton, Jane E. “Crafting a Job: Revisioning Employees as Active Crafters of Their Work”.
Academy of Management Review 26/2 (2001), 179-201. https://doi.org/10.2307/259118
Warnick, David D. Pre-Marriage Workbook for Couples: Prepare for a Lifetime of Love: Your Step-by-Step Guide
to Building a Resilient and Joyful Union. Traverse City: Independent Publisher, 2024.
Zhang, Cheng – Liang, Yanan, “The Impact of Education Level on Marital Satisfaction: Evidence from Chine”.
Social Sciences & Humanities Open 7/1 (2023), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100487
Zhumgalbekov, Argen, vd. “Evli Bireylerin Evlilik Uyumu ve Yaşam Doyumunun İncelenmesi”. Ahmet Keleşoğlu
Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (AKEF) 5(1) 2023, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.38151/akef.2023.41
Cengil, Muammer - Koç, Ahmet. “Ailede Eşler Arasında Algılanan Manevi Doyum Ile Yaşam Doyumu Arasındaki İlişki”. Akademik Platform İslami Araştırmalar Dergisi 8/3 (Aralık 2024), 433-466. https://doi.org/10.52115/apjir.1587185.