URBAN SLUMS AND INEQUALITY IN NAIROBI (KENYA): A THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE

Yıl 2023, , 60 - 82, 20.06.2023

Malang Faye

https://doi.org/10.54186/arhuss.1160864

Öz

The study investigates the relationship between slums and capitalism in Nairobi, Kenya. The paper introduces Harvey and Davis theoretical explanation to examination the continues existence of slums. However, the study does not offer a comprehensive examination of all the slum areas in Kenya but focuses on Nairobi, the capital city. The paper presents that despite the poor quality of life and service delivery in these areas urbanization continues at a high rate. The article offers critical insights on how capitalist liberal policies perpetuate the vicious cycle of poverty for those living in slums. This study further highlights the rights violations of those living in slums due to the unavailability of basic services and little government intervention.

Anahtar Kelimeler

slums, capitalism, ineqaulity, nairobi kenya

NAIROBI'DE (KENYA) KENTSEL GECEKONDULAR VE EŞİTSİZLİK: KURAMSAL BİR PERSPEKTİF

Öz

Çalışma Kenya, Nairobi'deki gecekondu mahalleleri ve kapitalizm arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırıyor. Makale, gecekondu mahallelerinin süregelen varlığını incelemek için Harvey ve Davis'in teorik açıklamasını sunuyor. Ancak çalışma, Kenya'daki tüm gecekondu bölgelerinin kapsamlı bir incelemesini sunmuyor, başkent Nairobi'ye odaklanıyor. Rapor, bu alanlardaki düşük yaşam kalitesine ve hizmet sunumuna rağmen kentleşmenin yüksek bir hızla devam ettiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Makale, kapitalist liberal politikaların gecekondu mahallelerinde yaşayanlar için yoksulluğun kısır döngüsünü nasıl sürdürdüğüne dair eleştirel içgörüler sunuyor. Bu çalışma, temel hizmetlerin mevcut olmaması ve çok az devlet müdahalesi

Anahtar Kelimeler

gecekondu mahalleleri, kapitalizm, eşitsizlik, Nairobi Kenya

Kaynakça

• Alder, G. (1995). Tackling poverty in Nairobi’s informal settlements: developing an institutional strategy. Environment and Urbanization, 7(2), 85-108.
• Amnesty International. (2009). THE UNSEEN MAJORITY: NAIROBI’S TWO MILLION SLUM-DWELLERS. Nairoba: Amnesty International.
• Davis, M. (2006). Planet of Slums. London: Verso.
• Defe, F. (2009). No Business like Slum Business? The Political Economy of The Continued Existence of Slum: A Case Study of Nairobi. London : Development Studies Institute.
• Deloitte. (2016). Grounding Africa’s Economic Growth. East Africa: Deloitte.
• Economics, T. (2022, 01 05). Kenya GDP. Retrieved from Trending Economics: https://tradingeconomics.com/kenya/gdp
• Elayaraja, Devkar, G., Narayanan, S., & Annamalai, T. (2017). Provision of Basic Services in Slums: A review of the evidence on top-down and bottom-up approaches. Development Policy Review, 331-348.
• Faria, J. (2021, 11 25). Extreme poverty rate in Kenya from 2017 to 2021. Retrieved from Statista: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1227076/extreme-poverty-rate-in-kenya/
• Federal Research Division. (2007). COUNTRY PROFILE: KENYA. Nairobi: Federal Research Division.
• Frantzanas, S. (2014). The right to the city as an anti-capitalist struggle. ephemera, 1-7.
• Harvey, D. (2001). Spaces of Capital: Towards a Critical Geography. New York: Routledge.
• HARVEY, D. (2010). Th e Enigma of Capital and the Crises of Capitalism. New York: Oxford University Press.
• Harvey, D. (2012). Rebel cities : from the right to the city to the urban revolution. 6 Meard Street, London WI F OEG: Verso .
• Kimani-Murage, E., Mutoro, A., Zerfu, T., Wanjohi, M. N., & Anono, E. L. (2019). Urban health assessment:: Nutrition and Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) challenges faced by children and adolescents in urban slums in Nairobi. Nairobi: African Population and Health Research Center. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.com/stable/resrep23881
• KIMENYI, M. S., MWEGA, F. M., & NDUNG’U, N. S. (2016). The African Lions: Kenya country case study. Cape Town: Brookings Institution; the Development Policy Research Unit.
• Marx, B., Stoker, T., & Suri, T. (2013). The Economics of Slums in the Developing World. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 27(4), 188-210. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/23560028
• Merchan, A. (2020, 12 12). Poverty in Kenya. Retrieved from The Borgen Project: https://borgenproject.org/tag/poverty-in-kenya
• Mitullah, W. (2003). Urban Slums Reports: The case of Nairobi, Kenya. Nairobi: Global Report on Human Settlements.
• Oxfam GB. (2010). Urban Poverty and Vulnerability in Kenya. Nairobi: Oxfam GB.
• Oxfam International. (2021). Kenya: extreme inequality in numbers. Retrieved from Oxfam International: https://www.oxfam.org/en/kenya-extreme-inequality-numbers
• Pokhariyal, G. P. (2005). MODELS FOR UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN SLUMS. International Journal on World Peace, 22(2), 59-68. Retrieved from www.jstor.org/stable/20753486
• Shifa, M., & Leibbrandt, M. (2017). Urban Poverty and Inequality in Kenya. Urban Forum, 1-23.
• Subaşi, E. (2020). David Harvey and Bob Jessop on Spatio-Temporal Fixes. idealkent, 1-16.
• Trading Economics. (2021). Kenya - Population Living In Slums. Retrieved from Trading Economics: https://tradingeconomics.com/kenya/population-living-in-slums-percent-of-urban-populationwb- data.html
• UN-HABITAT. (2007). UN-HABITAT and the Kenya Slum Upgrading Programme. Nairobi: United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT.
• UN-HABITAT b. (2006). NAIROBI URBAN SECTOR PROFILE. Nairobi: United Nations Human Settlements Programme.
• VOA News. (2021, 10 10). Kenyan President One of Many World Leaders with Multi-Million Dollar Secret Offshore Accounts. Retrieved from VOA News: https://www.voanews.com/a/kenyan-presidentone- of-many-world-leaders-with-multi-million-dollar-secret-offshore-accounts-/6256175.html
• WERLIN, H. (2006). The Slums of Nairobi: Explaining Urban Misery. World Affairs, 169(1), 39-48. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.com/stable/20672752
• World Bank. (2021, 12 19). Population living in slums (% of urban population) - Kenya. Retrieved from World Bank: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.POP.SLUM.UR.ZS?locations=KE
• World Population Review. (2022, 01 05). Kenya Population 2021. Retrieved from World Population Review: https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/kenya-population
• Ziraba, A. K., Kyobutungi, C., & Zulu, E. M. (2011). Fatal Injuries in the Slums of Nairobi and their Risk Factors: Results from a Matched Case-Control Study. Journal of Urban Health, 88, 257-266. doi:DOI: 10.1007/s11524-011-9580-7