G-20 Ülkelerinde Ekolojik Vergilerin Karbon Emisyonları Üzerindeki Etkisi: Panel ARDL Analizi

Öz

Çalışmanın temel hedefi, çevre politikalarının etkinliğini ve sürdürülebilirlik hedeflerine ulaşmada ekolojik vergilerin potansiyel rolünü ortaya koymaktır. Bu çerçevede, 2006-2020 dönemine ait G-20 ülkelerinin yıllık verilerinden faydalanarak panel ARDL analizi yöntemi kullanılmaktadır. Bulgular, uzun dönemde ekolojik vergilerin karbon emisyonlarını negatif etkilediğini ve istatistiki açıdan anlamlı olduğunu göstermektedir. Öte yandan, bulgular, kısa dönemde ekolojik vergiler karbon emisyonları ilişkisinin istatistiki açıdan anlamsız olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu sonuçlar, mevcut ekolojik vergi yapısının karbon emisyonlarını azaltmada uzun dönemde yeterli olduğunu gösterirken Pigovian vergilerinin teorik çerçevede öngörüldüğü şekilde etkin olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu kapsamda, ekolojik vergilerin yeniden yapılandırılması, piyasa tabanlı mekanizmaların geliştirilmesi ve yeşil teşviklerin verilmesi gibi politikaların etkinliğinin artırılması küresel düzeyde karbon emisyonlarını daha fazla azaltabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ekolojik Vergi
• Karbon Emisyonu
• Panel ARDL

Impact of Ecological Taxes on Carbon Emissions in G-20 Countries: Panel ARDL Analysis

Abstract

The main goal of the study is to reveal the effectiveness of environmental policies and the potential role of ecological taxes in achieving sustainability goals. In this context, the panel ARDL analysis method is used using the annual data of G-20 countries for the period 2006-2020. The findings show that ecological taxes negatively affect carbon emissions in the long run and are statistically significant. On the other hand, the findings show that the relationship between ecological taxes and carbon emissions is statistically insignificant in the short term. These results show that the current ecological tax structure is sufficient to reduce carbon emissions in the long term, while Pigovian taxes are effective as predicted in the theoretical framework. In this context, increasing the effectiveness of policies such as restructuring ecological taxes, developing market-based mechanisms and providing green incentives can further reduce carbon emissions at the global level.

Keywords

• Ecological Tax
• Carbon Emission
• Panel ARDL

Kaynakça

1. Agostini, P., Botteon, M., & Carraro, C. (1992). A Carbon Tax To Reduce CO2 Emissions In Europe. Energy Economics, 14, s.279–290.
2. Aloi, M., & Tournemaine, F. (2011). Growth Effects Of Environmental Policy When Pollution Affects Health. Economic Modelling, s.1683-1690.
3. Andersson, J. J. (2019). Carbon Taxes And CO2 Emissions: Sweden As A Case Study. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 11(4), s.1-30.
4. Coase, R. H. (1960). The Problem Of Social Cost. Journal Of Law And Economics, 3, s.1-44.
5. Cullıs, J., & Jones, P. (2009). Public Finance And Public Ckoice. New York: Oxford University Press.
6. Ghazouani, A., Xia, W., Ben Jebli, M., & Shahzad, U. (2020). Exploring The Role Of Carbon Taxation Policies On CO2 Emissions: Contextual Evidence From Tax Implementation And Non-Implementation European Countries. Sustainability, 12(20), 8680.
7. He, P., Chen, L., Zou, X., Li, S., Shen, H., & Jian, J. (2019). Energy Taxes, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Energy Consumption And Economic Consequences: A Comparative Study Of Nordic And G7 Countries. Sustainability, 11(21), 6100.
8. Jeffrey, C., & Perkins, J. D. (2015). The Association Between Energy Taxation, Participation In An Emissions Trading System, And The İntensity Of Carbon Dioxide Emissions In The European Union. The International Journal of Accounting, 50(4), s.397-41.

9. Lin, B., & Li, X. (2011). The Effect Of Carbon Tax On Per Capita CO2 Emissions. Energy Policy, 39, s.5137-5146.
10. Mideksa, T. K. (2021). Pricing For A Cooler Planet: An Empirical Analysis Of The Effect Of Taxing Carbon. Cesifo Working Paper, 9172.
11. Morley, B. (2010). Empirical Evidence On The Effectiveness Of Environmental Taxes. Working Paper. UK: University of Bath.
12. OECD (Organisation For Economic Co-operation And Development), https://Data.Oecd.Org/Envpolicy /Environmental-Tax.Htm, (Erişim Tarihi: 11.01.2024).
13. Pearce, D. (1991). The Role Of Carbon Taxes In Adjusting To Global Warming. The Economic Journal, 101(407), s.938-948.
14. Pesaran, M., Hashem, Shin, Y. R. & Smith, P. (1999). Pooled Mean Group Estimation Of Dynamic Heterogeneous Panels. Journal Of The American Statistical Association, 94, s.621-634.
15. Runst, P., & Thonipara, A. (2020). Dosis Facit Effectum Why The Size Of The Carbon Tax Matters: Evidence From The Swedish Residential Sector. Energy Economics, 91(C).
16. Saucedo, A., Edgar, J., Diaz, P., & Del Pilar Parra O, M. (2017). Estimating Environmental Kuznets Curve: The Impact Of Environmental Taxes And Energy Consumption In CO2 Emissions Of OECD Countries. Dubrovnik International Economic Meeting, 3(1), s.901-912.
17. Stram, B.N. (2014). A New Strategic Plan For A Carbon Tax. Energy Policy, 73, s.519-523.
18. Quynh, M. P., Van, M. H., Le-Dinh, T., & Nguyen, T. T. H. (2022). The Role Of Climate Finance In Achieving Cop26 Goals: Evidence From N-11 Countries. Cuadernos De Economía, 45(128), s.1-12.
19. Wang, T., Umar, M., Li, M., & Shan, S. (2023). Green Finance And Clean Taxes Are The Ways To Curb Carbon Emissions: An OECD Experience. Energy Economics, 124, 106842.
20. World Bank, https://databank.worldbank.org/databases, (Erişim Tarihi: 10.01.2024).
21. Zaghdoudi, T., & Maktouf, S. (2017). Threshold Effect In The Relationship Between Environmental Taxes And CO2 Emissions: A PSTR Specification. Economics Bulletin, 37(3), s.2086-2094.