Enerji Dönüşüm Çağında Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti Enerji Politikaları: “Adil Enerji Dönüşümü” Ortaklığı Modelinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Afrika’nın en fazla karbon emisyonuna sahip ülkesi Güney Afrika Cumhuriyetidir. Küresel hedefler çerçevesinde karbon emisyonlarını azaltmak ve adil bir enerji dönüşümü hızlandırmak için gelişmiş ülkeler, Güney Afrika’ya Adil Enerji Dönüşümü Ortaklığı (JETP) modelini sunmuştur. JETP modeli, adil bir dönüşümü önceleyen bütüncül bir yaklaşım sunarken finansman yapısının borç ağırlıklı olması ve yerel gerçekliklerle ne kadar uyumlu olduğu, modelin sürdürülebilirliğini ve diğer gelişmekte olan ülkeler için örnek model olma potansiyelini sınırlamaktadır. Bu çalışma, enerji dönüşüm çağında Güney Afrika’nın enerji politikaları çerçevesinde adil enerji dönüşüm modelini incelemektedir. Bu çalışma ile kömüre bağımlı bir ekonomiye sahip Güney Afrika’nın enerji dönüşümü ile karşılaştığı zorlukların yanı sıra adil bir geçişin nasıl planlandığı ve diğer gelişmekte olan ülkeler için nasıl bir model olduğunun açıklanması amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada nitel bir yöntem kullanılarak devletlerin, uluslararası kuruluşların ve sivil toplum örgütlerinin açıklamaları ve belgelerinin yanı sıra yayınladıkları istatistiki verilerden faydalanılmıştır. Bu çalışma ile Güney Afrika’da adil bir enerji dönüşümünün mümkün olduğu, ancak bu sürecin ülkenin gerçeklikleri dikkate alınarak uygulanması gerektiği ortaya konulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Enerji
• Enerji Dönüşümü
• Güney Afrika
• Adil Enerji Dönüşümü

South African Energy Policies in the Era of Energy Transition: A Review of the “Just Energy Transition” Partnership Model

Öz

South Africa has the highest carbon emissions in Africa. As part of the global goals, developed countries have offered South Africa the Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) model to help reduce its carbon emissions and speed up the transition to a fairer energy system. The JETP model is limited in its sustainability and potential to be adopted by other developing countries due to its debt-heavy financing structure and incompatibility with local realities. This study examines the JETP model in the context of South Africa's energy policies during the transition to a new energy landscape. It aims to explain the challenges that South Africa, a coal-dependent economy, faces in its energy transition. It also explores how a just transition is planned and how this can serve as a model for other developing countries. The study used a qualitative approach, drawing on statements and documents issued by governments, international organisations, and civil society organisations, as well as the statistical data they published. It has demonstrated that a just energy transition is possible in South Africa, provided that the country's realities are taken into account.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Energy
• Energy Transition
• South Africa
• Just Energy Transition

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