Gıda Terörünün Gastronomi Turizmine Etkileri: Almanya ve Çin Destinasyonları Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Öz

Bu çalışma, gıda terörünün gastronomi turizmi üzerindeki etkilerini Almanya ve Çin örnekleri üzerinden incelemektedir. Gıda terörü; biyolojik, kimyasal veya fiziksel ajanların kasıtlı olarak gıdalara bulaştırılmasıyla toplum sağlığını tehdit eden ve turizm sektörünü doğrudan etkileyen karmaşık bir tehdittir. Araştırmada, 2011 yılında Almanya’da yaşanan E. coli salgını ile 2008 yılında Çin’de meydana gelen melamin skandalı, karşılaştırmalı vaka analizi yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Bu iki olayın gıda güvenliği algısı, turist davranışları, destinasyon imajı ve gastronomi festivalleri üzerindeki etkileri hem nitel hem de nicel veri analizleri aracılığıyla ortaya konmuştur. Almanya örneğinde, salgının başlangıcında biyoterörizm şüphesi kamuoyunda ciddi yankı uyandırmış, restoranlar ve açık hava etkinliklerinde tüketici güveni ciddi biçimde azalmıştır. Çin’deki melamin krizi ise bebek mamalarına endüstriyel kimyasal eklenmesiyle hem ulusal hem de uluslararası düzeyde bir gıda güvenliği felaketine yol açmıştır. Kriz, Çin restoranlarının yurtiçi ve yurtdışındaki itibarını zedelemiş, ithal süt ürünlerine olan talebi artırmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçları, gıda güvenliği krizlerinin sadece kısa vadeli ekonomik kayıplara değil, aynı zamanda destinasyonların marka değerine, turist sadakatine ve uzun vadeli pazarlama stratejilerine de zarar verdiğini göstermektedir. Gıda terörü olgusuna karşı geliştirilecek uluslararası işbirlikleri, gıda savunması stratejileri ve kriz yönetim sistemleri, gastronomi turizminin sürdürülebilirliği açısından kritik öneme sahiptir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gıda terörü
• gastronomi turizmi
• gıda güvenliği
• biyoterörizm

The Impact of Food Terrorism on Gastronomy Tourism: A Study on Germany and China as Destinations

Öz

This study examines the impact of food terrorism on gastronomy tourism through a comparative case analysis of Germany and China. Food terrorism is defined as the intentional contamination of food with biological, chemical, or physical agents, posing a serious threat to public health and directly affecting the tourism industry. The research focuses on the 2011 E. coli outbreak in Germany and the 2008 melamine scandal in China as key case studies. Through qualitative content analysis and quantitative descriptive statistics, the study evaluates the effects of these crises on food safety perceptions, tourist behavior, destination image, and gastronomic events. In Germany, the initial suspicion of bioterrorism during the E. coli outbreak significantly reduced consumer confidence in restaurants and food markets. In China, the melamine crisis—caused by the addition of an industrial chemical to infant formula—triggered a nationwide and international food safety disaster. The scandal severely damaged the reputation of Chinese food service establishments both domestically and abroad and led to a dramatic increase in the demand for imported dairy products. Findings indicate that food safety crises not only cause short-term economic losses but also have long-lasting consequences for destination branding, tourist loyalty, and destination marketing strategies. Developing international cooperation, strengthening food defense systems, and implementing effective crisis management policies are essential for sustaining gastronomic tourism in the face of such threats.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Food terrorism
• gastronomy tourism
• food safety
• bioterrorism

Kaynakça

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