Özel Sporcular Futbol Liginde Takım Başarısını Etkileyen Değişkenlerin Müsabaka Analizi Programı İle İncelenmesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 330 - 350, 28.06.2024

Fatih Atlı , Rabia Hürrem Özdurak Sıngın , Tuba Denizci

https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1480947

Öz

Futbolda sporcunun maçtaki performansını gözlemlemek ve gelişimlerini takip etmek büyük önem taşıdığından, tüm dünyada düzenli olarak maç analizleri yapılmaktadır. Ancak özel sporcuların performansını takibine yönelik kapsamlı maç analizlerine literatürde rastlanmamıştır. Çalışmanın amacı Özel Sporcular Futbol Ligi takımlarından seçilecek milli takım özel sporcularının yüksek performans sergilemesi için e-Analyze Soccer ve Gephi programı ile elde edilen pas ağı analizi ve ağ haritasının önemini vurgulamaktır. Çalışmada tüm maçların video kaydı alınmış, iki uzman tarafından incelenerek e-Analyze Soccer programına aktarılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular Gephi programına işlenerek her maçın takım içi pas ağı haritası oluşturulmuştur. Yaş ortalaması 23,56±4,93(15-38) olan 59 özel sporcunun 47’si hafif düzey zihinsel engelli (ZE) (HDZE), 5’i orta düzey ZE (ODZE) ve 7’si ağır düzey ZE (ADZE) olduğu saptanmıştır. Maçlar genellikle HDZE sporcular arasında, oyun içi değişkenlerin aynı engel düzeyli sporcular arasında gerçekleşmiştir. Başarılı takımlarda aynı engel düzeyindeki sporcuların geniş pas ağı ve sıklığı, isabetli pas ve hücum atakları fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Mevki olarak HDZE sporcular nerede konumlandıysa maç o yönden devam etmiştir. ODZE ve ADZE sporcular mevkilerine göre oynamadıkları görülmüştür. Özel sporcuların başarılı olabilmeleri için fiziksel performansın yanı sıra takım içi pas ağını ve iletişimi güçlendirme ve gelişimi sürdürebilmek için hedefe yönelik kaynaştırma, pas ve hareketli driller antrenmanları yapılmalıdır. Düzenli aralıklarla pas ağı analizleri yapılarak antrenmanların uygunluğu takip edilmelidir ve homojen takımlar kurulmalıdır. Özel Sporcular Milli Takım’ına oyuncu seçilirken e-Analyze Soccer ve Gephi programı ile elde edilen pas ağı analizi ve ağ haritası yetenekli sporcuların seçimini kolaylaştıracağı öngörülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Müsabaka Analizi, Pas Ağı, Özel Sporcular, Zihinsel Engelli

Examination of Variables Affecting Team Success in The Special Athletes Football League with the Competition Analysis Program

Öz

In football, it is of great importance to observe the performance of the athlete in the match and to follow their development. For this reason, match analyzes are made all over the world without interruption. However, comprehensive studies on the match performance monitoring of private athletes were not found in the literature. The aim of the study is to emphasize the importance of the pass network analysis and network map obtained with the E-analysis and Gephi program for the national team special athletes to be selected from the Special Athletes Football League teams to show high performance. In the study, video recordings of all matches were taken, analyzed by two experts and transferred to the EAnalyze program. The findings were processed into the Gephi program, and a team pass net map of each match was created. It was determined that 47 had light intellectual disability (ID) (LID), 5 had moderate intellectual disability (MID) and 7 had restricted intellectual disability (RID) of the 59 special athletes were mild, with a mean age of 23.56±4.93(15-38). It was observed that the matches were generally between LID players, and in-game variables were observed to occur between special athletes of the same disability group. In order for special athletes to be successful, in addition to physical performance, target-oriented integration, passing and moving drills training should be carried out to strengthen the passing network and communication within the team and to continue the development. The suitability of the training should be monitored by performing rust network analysis at regular intervals and homogeneous teams should be established. While selecting players for the Special Athletes National Team, it is anticipated that the passing network analysis and network map obtained with e-Analyze Soccer and Gephi program will facilitate the selection of talented athletes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Competition Analysis, Passing Net, Special Athletes, Mentally Retarded.

Kaynakça

• Asztalos, M., Wijndaele, J., De Bourdeaudhuji, I., Philippaerts, R., Matton, L., Duvigneaud, N., Thomis. M., Duquet, W., Lefevre, J., & Cardon G. (2009). Specific associations between types of physical activity and components of mental health. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 12(4), 468-474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2008.06.009.
• Baca, A. (2014). Computer science in sport: Research and practice. London: Routledge. Balasubramaniam, S. A (2017, December 14-16). Social network analysis of football – Evaluating player and team performance. 2017 Ninth International Conference on Advanced Computing, (pp. 242-246). Chennai, India.
• Bastian, M., Heymann, S., & Jacomy, M. (2009, May 17-20). Gephi: an open source software for exploring and manipulating networks. International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, (pp. 361-362). California, USA.
• Bize, R., Johnson, J. A., & Plotnikoff, R. C. (2007). Physical activity level and health-related quality of life in the general adult population: A systematic review. Preventive Medicine, 45(6), 401-415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.07.017
• Boat, T. F., & Wu, J. T. (2015). Clinical characteristics of intellectual disabilities. Boat, T. F. & Wu, J. T. (Eds), Mental disorders and disabilities among low-income children. (pp. 125-133). National Academies Press. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK332877/
• Burns, J. (2015). The impact of intellectual disabilities on elite sports performance. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 8(1), 251-267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2015.1068830
• Carling, C., Williams, A. M., & Reilly, T. (2005). The handbook of soccer match analysis. London: Routledge.
• Creswell, J. W. (2005). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
• Currie, G., & Szabo J. (2020). Social isolation and exclusion: the parents' experience of caring for children with rare neurodevelopmental disorders. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 15(1), 1725362. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2020.1725362.
• Dematteo, D., Marczyk, G., & Pich M. (2007). A national survey of state legislation defining mental retardation: Implications for policy and practice after atkins. Befavioral Sciences & The Law, 25(6), 781-802. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/bsl.777.
• Dosil, J. (2006). The sport psychologist’s handbook a guide for sport-specific performance enhancement. Chichester: Wiley.
• Eichstaedt, C. B., & Lavay, B.W. (1992). Physical activity for individuals with mental retardation: Infancy through adulthood. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics
• Eime, R. M., Young, J. A., Harvey, J. T., Charity, M. J., & Payne, W. R. (2013). A systematic review of the psychological and social benefits of participation in sport for children and adolescents: Informing development of a conceptual model of health through sport. The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-98
• Eime, R., Harvey, J., Brown, W., & Payne, W. (2010). Does sports club participation contribute to health-related quality of life? Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 42(5), 1022-1028. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181c3adaa
• eSpor Coachfaces. (2021, 20 Temmuz). e-Analyze Soccer Programe. http://www.eassistlive.com>, adresinden 20 Temmuz 2021 tarihinde alınmıştır.
• Estabrooks, P. A., Nelson, C. C., Xu, S., King, D., Bayliss, E. A., Gaglio, B., Nutting, P. A., & Glasgow, R. E. (2005). The frequency and behavioral outcomes of goal choices in the self-management of diabetes. The Diabetes Educator, 31(3), 391-400. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145721705276578.
• Katz, G., & Lazcano-Ponce, E. (2008). Intellectual disability: definition, etiological factors, classification, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Salud Publica Mex., 50(2), 32-41. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0036-36342008000800005
• Klenk, C., Albrecht, J., & Nagel, S. (2019). Social participation of people with disabilities in organized community sport. German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, 49(4), 365-380.
• Maslovat, D., & Franks, I. M. (2008). The need for feedback. Editors: Hughes, M. & Franks, I. M. (Eds), The essentials of performance analysis: An introduction. London: Routledge.
• Mohammadi, M., Borujeni, M. R, Movahedi, A., & Salehi, H. (2022). The effects of easy goals versus difficult goals on acquisition and retention of a sport skill in children with intellectual disability. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 26(1), 185-194. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744629520970076.
• Mumcu, H. E. (2018). Engelli spor politikaları (Avrupa Birliği ülkeleri ile Türkiye karşılaştırması). 2018. Sonçağ Ankara.
• Penedo, F. J., & Dahn, J. R. (2005). Exercise and well-being: A review of mental and physical health benefits associated with physical activity. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 18(2), 189-193. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001504- 200503000-00013
• Petterson, B., Bourke J., Leonard, H., Jacoby, P., & Bower C. (2007). Co-occurrence of birth defects and intellectual disability. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 21(1), 65-75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3016.2007.00774.x
• Rimmer, J. H., Riley, B., Wang, E., Rauworth, A., & Jurkowski, J. (2004). Physical activity participation among persons with disabilities: Barriers and facilitators. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 26(5), 419-25. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.02.002
• Rimmer, J.H. (1994). Fitness and rehabilitation program for special populations. Dubuque, IA: McGraw-Hill
• Sattler, J. M. (2002). Assessment of children: Behavioral and clinical applications (4th ed.). Hardcover. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2001-05360-000
• Soenen, S., Berckelaer-Onnes, I., & Scholte, E. (2009). Patterns of intellectual, adaptive and behavioral functioning in individuals with mild intellectual disability. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 30(3), 433–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2008.04.003
• Şimşek, H., & Yıldırım, A. (2011). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık
• Taylor, J., & Wilson, G. S. (2002). Intensity regulation and sport performance. van Raalte, J. L. & Brewer, B. W. (eds) Exploring Sport and Exercise Psychology. (2nd edn., pp. 99–130).Washington, DC: APA.
• Toering, T. T., Elferink-Gemser, M. T., Jordet, G., & Visscher, C. (2009). Self-regulation and performance level of elite and non-elite youth soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27, 1509–1517. . https:// doi.org/10. 1080/02640410903369919
• van de Vliet, P., Rintala, P., Fröjd, K., Verellen, J., van Houtte, S., & Daly, D. J. (2006). Physical fitness profile of elite athletes with intellectual disability. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 16(6), 417-425. https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00539.x.
• Wehmeyer, M. L., Palmer SB, Agran M,. Mithaug, D. E., & Martin, J. E. (2000). Promoting causal agency: the self-determined learning model of instruction. Exceptional Children, 66(4), 439–453. https://doi.org/10.1177/00144029000660040.
• Weinberg, R. S. (2002). Goal setting in sport and exercise: research to practice. Van Raalte, J. L. & Brewer, B. W. (eds) Exploring Sport and Exercise Psychology. (2nd edn, pp. 25–48.) Washington, DC: APA.
• Williams, A. M., & Reilly, T. (2000). Talent identification and development in soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18, 657–667. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410050120041
• World Health Organisation (WHO). ICD-10 Version: 2019: F70-F79 Mental retardation https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/F70-F79 adresinden 13 Kasım 2021 tarihinde alınmıştır.