Araştırma Makalesi
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The Role of Menstruation Attitudes on Menstrual Symptoms in Female Athletes

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 670 - 680, 28.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1745171

Öz

This study aims to examine the relationship between attitudes towards menstruation and menstrual symptoms in female athletes. Although the effects of menstruation on the physiological, psychological and performance status of female athletes have been widely discussed in the literature, the role of attitudes on symptom experience has been limitedly researched. The study was conducted on 148 female athletes who regularly train at the Physical Education and Sports College of Mardin Artuklu University. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire measuring their attitudes towards menstruation and a questionnaire measuring their menstrual symptoms. The research was conducted on 148 female athletes who regularly train at the Mardin Artuklu University School of Physical Education and Sports. Participants were administered the Attitude Towards Menstruation Scale and the Menstrual Symptom Scale. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS 25.0 and the Pearson correlation test was employed. Findings revealed a positive, significant relationship between attitudes toward menstruation as a distressing phenomenon and negative effects and somatic complaints (p < 0.05). Additionally, the subscale of perceiving menstrual effects was found to be inversely related to negative symptoms. No significant relationship was observed between menstrual pain symptoms and attitudes. It was concluded that attitudes influence the cognitive and emotional dimensions of symptoms, while physiological pain symptoms are primarily attributed to biological factors. In conclusion, it was determined that negative attitudes toward menstruation could increase female athletes' perception of menstrual symptoms and negatively affect their coping strategies. In this regard, it is recommended to develop educational and support programmes aimed at increasing menstrual awareness among female athletes.

Kaynakça

  • Akkuş Uçar, M. (2024). Düzenli egzersizin menstrüasyon semptomları üzerine etkisinin araştırılması. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(1), 392-399. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1321024
  • Asha, A. C., Karim, N. B., Bakhtiar, B., & Rahaman, K. S. (2019). Adolescent athlete’s knowledge, attitude and practices about menstrual hygiene management (MHM) in BKSP, Bangladesh. Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 5(2), 126–137. doi: 10.3329/ajmbr.v5i2.42494
  • Amoruso, I., Fonzo, M., Barro, A., Scardina, C., Titton, F., Bertoncello, C., & Baldovin, T. (2024). Determinants of menstrual dysfunction in the Female Athlete Triad: A cross-sectional study in Italian athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102653
  • Brooks-Gunn, J., & Ruble, D. N. (1982). The development of menstrual-related beliefs and behaviors during early adolescence. Child development, 53(6), 1567-1577.
  • Chesney, M. A., & Tasto, D. L. (1975). The development of the menstrual symptom questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 13(4), 237–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(75)90028-5
  • Duff, B. M., Tagesen, E. C., Rivera, J., Gant, R. W., Davis, B. R., Lebron, M. A., ... & Jajtner, A. R. (2022). Reliability of the Visual Analog Scale for Menstrual Cycle Symptoms and Impact on Perceived Performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 54(95). http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000882580.69710.5f
  • Ekenros, L., von Rosen, P., Solli, G. S., Sandbakk, O., Holmberg, H-C., Hirschberg, A. L., & Fridén, C. (2022). Perceived impact of the menstrual cycle and hormonal contraceptives on physical exercise and performance in 1,086 athletes from 57 sports. Frontiers in Physiology, 13, 954760. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.954760
  • Güvenç, G., Seven, M., & Akyüz, A. (2014). Menstrüasyon Semptom Ölçeği'nin Türkçe'ye Uyarlanması. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 13(5). 10.5455/pmb1-1378840527
  • Ihalainen, J. K., Takalo, S., Mjøsund, K., Solli, G. S., Valtonen, M., Kokkonen, M., Hackney, A. C., & Taipale, R. S. (2024). Self-Reported Performance and Hormonal-Cycle-Related Symptoms in Competitive Female Athletes. Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal, 32(1). https://doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.2023-0102
  • Keil, V., Adam, M. E. K., & Neely, K. C. (2023). Everyone was sort of just like ‘ew’: Adolescent athletes’ experiences of menstruation in sport. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 36(3), 463–483. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2023.2274458
  • Kiemle-Gabbay, L. R., Valentin, S., Martin, D., & Forrest (née Whyte), L. J. (2024). Menstrual cycle and hormonal contraceptive symptom severity and frequency in athletic females. Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal, 32(S1), wspaj.2023-0086. https://doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.2023-0086
  • Kulakaç, Ö., Öncel, S., Fırat, M. Z., Akcan, A. (2008). Menstruasyon tutum ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türkiye Klinikleri J Gynecol Obst., 18(6), 347-356.
  • Martins David, A., Di Bella, Z. J., Berenstein, E., Lopes, A. C., Vaisberg, M., & de Toledo, R. P. (2009). Incidence of pre-menstrual syndrome in sports practice. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 15(5), 330-333.
  • McNamara, A., Harris, R., & Minahan, C. (2022). ‘That time of the month’… for the biggest event of your career! Perception of menstrual cycle on performance of Australian athletes training for the 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 8(2), e001300. doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001300
  • Michelekaki, E. A., Michaelides, M., Govindasamy, K., & Parpa, K. (2023). Recreational female athletes’ understanding of and perceived impact of the menstrual cycle on physical performance, mood, and sleeping behaviour. Women, 3(3), 445-456. https://doi.org/10.3390/women3030034
  • Muñoz, C. D., del Campo Vecino, J., Bataller, A. G., & Mas, J. R. L. (2024). Valoración perceptiva del rendimiento físico y psicológico en función del tipo de entrenamiento realizado y las fases del ciclo menstrual en mujeres deportistas. Retos: Nuevas Tendencias en Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación, (51), 864-871. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.101374
  • Negriff, S., Dorn, L. D., Hillman, J. B., & Huang, B. (2009). The measurement of menstrual symptoms: factor structure of the menstrual symptom questionnaire in adolescent girls. Journal of Health Psychology, 14(7), 899-908. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105309340995
  • Oester, C., Norris, D., Scott, D., Pedlar, C., Bruinvels, G., & Lovell, R. (2024). Inconsistencies in the perceived impact of the menstrual cycle on sport performance and in the prevalence of menstrual cycle symptoms: a scoping review of the literature. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 27(6), 373-384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2024.02.012
  • Paludo, A. C., Paravlic, A., Dvořáková, K., & Gimunová, M. (2022). The effect of menstrual cycle on perceptual responses in athletes: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 926854. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.926854
  • Patton, M. Q. (2014). Nitel araştırma ve değerlendirme yöntemleri (M. Bütün & S. B. Demir, Çev. Ed.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Toriola, A. L. (1989). Menstrual attitudes and symptoms in Nigerian athletes. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 68(1), 210–213. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2928049/
  • Van den Berg, C., & Doyle-Baker, P. K. (2024). 472 BO42–Are we asking the right questions? Exploring female athlete perceptions on important menstrual cycle topics. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 58(A67). https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-IOC.117

Menstrüasyon Tutumlarının Kadın Sporcularda Menstrüel Semptomlar Üzerindeki Rolü

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 670 - 680, 28.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1745171

Öz

Bu çalışma, kadın sporcularda menstrüasyona yönelik tutumlar ile menstrüel semptomlar arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Menstrüasyonun kadın sporcuların fizyolojik, psikolojik ve performansla ilgili durumlar üzerindeki etkileri literatürde geniş yer bulmasına rağmen, tutumların semptom deneyimi üzerindeki rolü sınırlı araştırılmıştır. Araştırma, Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu’nda düzenli antrenman yapan 148 kadın sporcu üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Katılımcılara, Menstrüasyona Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği ve Menstrüasyon Semptom Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Veriler IBM SPSS 25.0 programıyla analiz edilmiş ve Pearson korelasyon testi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, Rahatsız edici bir olgu olarak menstrüasyon tutumu ile negatif etkiler ve somatik yakınmalar arasında pozitif, anlamlı ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir (p < 0,05). Ayrıca, menstrüasyon etkilerini fark etme alt boyutunun negatif semptomlarla ters yönlü ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Menstrüel ağrı belirtileri ile tutumlar arasında ise anlamlı ilişki gözlenmemiştir. Tutumların, semptomların bilişsel ve duygusal boyutlarını ile ilişkili olduğu, fizyolojik ağrı semptomlarının ise daha çok biyolojik faktörlerden kaynaklandığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, menstrüasyona yönelik olumsuz tutumların kadın sporcuların menstrüel semptom algılarını ile ilişkili olduğu ve başa çıkma stratejilerini olumsuz yönde etkileyebileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu doğrultuda, kadın sporculara yönelik menstrüasyon farkındalığını artırıcı eğitim ve destek programlarının geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir.

Etik Beyan

Etik Kurul İzin Bilgileri Etik değerlendirme kurulu: Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi Girişimsel Olmayan Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu Etik değerlendirme belgesinin tarihi: 06.05.2025 Etik değerlendirme belgesinin sayı numarası: 2025/5-27

Kaynakça

  • Akkuş Uçar, M. (2024). Düzenli egzersizin menstrüasyon semptomları üzerine etkisinin araştırılması. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(1), 392-399. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1321024
  • Asha, A. C., Karim, N. B., Bakhtiar, B., & Rahaman, K. S. (2019). Adolescent athlete’s knowledge, attitude and practices about menstrual hygiene management (MHM) in BKSP, Bangladesh. Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 5(2), 126–137. doi: 10.3329/ajmbr.v5i2.42494
  • Amoruso, I., Fonzo, M., Barro, A., Scardina, C., Titton, F., Bertoncello, C., & Baldovin, T. (2024). Determinants of menstrual dysfunction in the Female Athlete Triad: A cross-sectional study in Italian athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102653
  • Brooks-Gunn, J., & Ruble, D. N. (1982). The development of menstrual-related beliefs and behaviors during early adolescence. Child development, 53(6), 1567-1577.
  • Chesney, M. A., & Tasto, D. L. (1975). The development of the menstrual symptom questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 13(4), 237–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(75)90028-5
  • Duff, B. M., Tagesen, E. C., Rivera, J., Gant, R. W., Davis, B. R., Lebron, M. A., ... & Jajtner, A. R. (2022). Reliability of the Visual Analog Scale for Menstrual Cycle Symptoms and Impact on Perceived Performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 54(95). http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000882580.69710.5f
  • Ekenros, L., von Rosen, P., Solli, G. S., Sandbakk, O., Holmberg, H-C., Hirschberg, A. L., & Fridén, C. (2022). Perceived impact of the menstrual cycle and hormonal contraceptives on physical exercise and performance in 1,086 athletes from 57 sports. Frontiers in Physiology, 13, 954760. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.954760
  • Güvenç, G., Seven, M., & Akyüz, A. (2014). Menstrüasyon Semptom Ölçeği'nin Türkçe'ye Uyarlanması. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 13(5). 10.5455/pmb1-1378840527
  • Ihalainen, J. K., Takalo, S., Mjøsund, K., Solli, G. S., Valtonen, M., Kokkonen, M., Hackney, A. C., & Taipale, R. S. (2024). Self-Reported Performance and Hormonal-Cycle-Related Symptoms in Competitive Female Athletes. Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal, 32(1). https://doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.2023-0102
  • Keil, V., Adam, M. E. K., & Neely, K. C. (2023). Everyone was sort of just like ‘ew’: Adolescent athletes’ experiences of menstruation in sport. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 36(3), 463–483. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2023.2274458
  • Kiemle-Gabbay, L. R., Valentin, S., Martin, D., & Forrest (née Whyte), L. J. (2024). Menstrual cycle and hormonal contraceptive symptom severity and frequency in athletic females. Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal, 32(S1), wspaj.2023-0086. https://doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.2023-0086
  • Kulakaç, Ö., Öncel, S., Fırat, M. Z., Akcan, A. (2008). Menstruasyon tutum ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türkiye Klinikleri J Gynecol Obst., 18(6), 347-356.
  • Martins David, A., Di Bella, Z. J., Berenstein, E., Lopes, A. C., Vaisberg, M., & de Toledo, R. P. (2009). Incidence of pre-menstrual syndrome in sports practice. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 15(5), 330-333.
  • McNamara, A., Harris, R., & Minahan, C. (2022). ‘That time of the month’… for the biggest event of your career! Perception of menstrual cycle on performance of Australian athletes training for the 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 8(2), e001300. doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001300
  • Michelekaki, E. A., Michaelides, M., Govindasamy, K., & Parpa, K. (2023). Recreational female athletes’ understanding of and perceived impact of the menstrual cycle on physical performance, mood, and sleeping behaviour. Women, 3(3), 445-456. https://doi.org/10.3390/women3030034
  • Muñoz, C. D., del Campo Vecino, J., Bataller, A. G., & Mas, J. R. L. (2024). Valoración perceptiva del rendimiento físico y psicológico en función del tipo de entrenamiento realizado y las fases del ciclo menstrual en mujeres deportistas. Retos: Nuevas Tendencias en Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación, (51), 864-871. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.101374
  • Negriff, S., Dorn, L. D., Hillman, J. B., & Huang, B. (2009). The measurement of menstrual symptoms: factor structure of the menstrual symptom questionnaire in adolescent girls. Journal of Health Psychology, 14(7), 899-908. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105309340995
  • Oester, C., Norris, D., Scott, D., Pedlar, C., Bruinvels, G., & Lovell, R. (2024). Inconsistencies in the perceived impact of the menstrual cycle on sport performance and in the prevalence of menstrual cycle symptoms: a scoping review of the literature. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 27(6), 373-384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2024.02.012
  • Paludo, A. C., Paravlic, A., Dvořáková, K., & Gimunová, M. (2022). The effect of menstrual cycle on perceptual responses in athletes: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 926854. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.926854
  • Patton, M. Q. (2014). Nitel araştırma ve değerlendirme yöntemleri (M. Bütün & S. B. Demir, Çev. Ed.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Toriola, A. L. (1989). Menstrual attitudes and symptoms in Nigerian athletes. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 68(1), 210–213. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2928049/
  • Van den Berg, C., & Doyle-Baker, P. K. (2024). 472 BO42–Are we asking the right questions? Exploring female athlete perceptions on important menstrual cycle topics. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 58(A67). https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-IOC.117
Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Antrenman
Bölüm Arşiv
Yazarlar

Mine Akkuş Uçar 0009-0007-6903-8874

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 27 Eylül 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Eylül 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Temmuz 2025
Kabul Tarihi 25 Eylül 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Akkuş Uçar, M. (2025). Menstrüasyon Tutumlarının Kadın Sporcularda Menstrüel Semptomlar Üzerindeki Rolü. Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science, 8(3), 670-680. https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1745171

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