COVID-19 SALGIN DÖNEMİNDE ÖRGÜTLERDE GÜVENLİK İKLİMİNİN İŞ GÜVENLİĞİ UZMANLARI PERSPEKTİFİNDEN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 5 - COVID-19 ÖZEL SAYISI 2, 26 - 37, 31.05.2020

Şeyhmus Aksoy , Nihal Mamatoğlu

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı COVID-19 salgın döneminde örgütlerde güvenlik iklimini iş güvenliği uzmanları perspektifinden değerlendirmek ve salgın öncesindeki bazı güvenlik iklimi göstergeleriyle karşılaştırma yapmaktır. Çalışma özel sektörde farklı iş alanlarında faaliyet gösteren işletmelere hizmet veren iş güvenliği uzmanlarıyla ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemi 11 kadın 25 erkek toplam 36 iş güvenliği uzmanından oluşmaktadır. Katılımcıların yaş aralığı 22-59 arasındadır (Ort=38.9). Veriler 17 açık uçlu soru yardımıyla, çevirim içi olarak toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonunda elde edilen bulgular değerlendirildiğinde örgütlerde işçi sağlığı ve güvenliğine yönelik güvenlik ikliminde salgın öncesine göre olumlu yönde gelişme eğilimi olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca, elde edilen bulgular, çalışanların risk algıları arttıkça daha güvenli davranma eğiliminde olduklarını desteklemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19 Salgını, Güvenlik İklimi, Güvenlik Kültürü, İş Güvenliği Uzmanı, Risk Algısı

Kaynakça

• Aksoy Ş. (2019). The relationship between challenges of occupational safety specialists, psychological safety, professional self – efficacy belief and proactive work behavior, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
• Aksoy, Ş. & Mamatoğlu, N.(2019). Challenges of occupational safety specialists scale: A scale development study. Cyprus Turkish Journal of Psychiatry & Psychology, 1(2): 76-84 doi:10.35365/ctjpp.19.1.09
• Arezes, P.M., Miguel, A.S.(2008). Risk perception and safety behaviour: a study in an occupational environment. Safety Science, 46 (6), 900–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.ssci.2007.11.008
• Brown, R.L., Holmes, H.(1986). The use of a factor analytic procedure for assessing the validity of an employee safety climate model. Accident Analysis and Prevention 18, 445-470.
• Chatman, J. A. (1991). Matching people and organizations: Selection and socialization in public accounting firms. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36(3), 459–484. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393204
• Chen S, Yang J, Yang W., Wang C. ve Bärnighausen T. (2020). COVID-19 control in China during mass population movements at New Year. Published Online February 20, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0140¬6736(20)30421¬9. The Lancet, 395 (10226), 7-13 March 2020, 764-766.
• Columbus, C., Brust, K.B. ve Arroliga, A.C. (2020). 2019 Novel coronavirus: An emerging global threat. Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2020.1731272, 1-4
• Cooper, M.D. & Phillips, R.A. (2004). Exploratory analysis of the safety climate and safety behavior relationship. Journal of Safety Research, 35, 497-512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2004.08.004
• Dedobbeleer, N. & Beland, F. (1991). A safety climate measure for construction sites. Journal of Safety Research, 22, 97-103.
• DeJoy, D.M.(1994). Managing safety in the workplace: An attribution theory analysis and model. Journal of Safety Research, 25, 3-17.
• Denison, D. & Mishra A. K. (1995) Toward a theory of organizational culture and effectivesness. Organization Science, 6(2), 204‐223.
• Denison, Daniel R. (1996). What is the difference between organizational culture and organızational climate? A native's point of view on a decade of paradigm wars. Academy of Management Review, 21 (3), 619-654.
• Dolinski, D., Gromski, W. & Zawisza, E. (1987). Unrealistic pessimism. Journal of Social Psychology, 12, 511–516.
• Evan, M. W. (1968). A systems model of organizational climate. In R. Tagiuri, & H. Litwin (Eds.). 1968. “Organizational Climate: Explorations of A Concept”. Division of Research Graduate School of Business Administration. Printed United States of America. 114
• Guldenmund, F.W. (2000). The nature of safety culture: A review of theory and research. Safety Science, 34, 1(3), 228-229
• Güçlü, N. (2003). Örgüt kültürü, Manas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6, 147–159.
• Hale, A.R. & Glendon, I. (1987). Individual behaviour in the control of danger. Elsevier, Amsterdam
• Hofmann, D.A. & Stetzer, A. (1996). A cross-level investigation of factors influencing unsafe behaviors and accidents. Personnel Psychology, 49, 307-339.
• Hofstede, G., B. Neuijen, D. Daval O. & Sanders G. (1990), Measuring organizational cultures: A qualitative and quantitative study across twenty cases. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(2), 286‐316.
• Ji, M., You, X., Lan, J. & Yang, S. (2011). The impact of risk tolerance, risk perception and hazardous attitude on safety operation among airline pilots in China. Safety Science, 49, 1412–1420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2011.06.007.
• Karcıoğlu, Ö. (2020). What is Coronaviruses, and how can we protect ourselves?. Anka Tıp Dergisi, 2(1), 66- 71.
• Leitão, S., Mc carthy, V.J.C. & Greiner, B.A. (2018). Health and safety practitioners health and wellbeing — the link with safety climate and job demand-control-support. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 119, 131-137.
• Mahase, E. (2020). Coronavirus: global stocks of protective gear aredepleted, with demand at “100 times” normal level, WHO warns. BMJ 2020;368 - 543 doi: 10.1136/bmj.m543 (Published 10 February 2020). https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/368/bmj.m543.full.pdf. (Erişim Tarihi: 12.04.2020).
• Mamatoglu, N. (2004). Örgütsel Kültür Tipi Ölçeği. 3P Psikiyatri, Psikoloji, Psikofarmakoloji Dergisi, 12(4), 305-315
• Mamatoğlu, N.(2005). Kültür tipini yordayan lider davranışları. Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2(11), 165-186. Doi: 10.11616/AbantSbe.148
• Mamatoğlu, N. (2008a). Öğretmenlerde kimliklenme ve kimliklenmenin işe yönelik tutum ve algıları yordayıcılığı. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 11(22), 47-62.
• Mamatoglu, N.(2008b). Effects on organizational context (culture and climate) from implementing a 360-degree feedback system: The case of Arcelik. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 17(4), 426-449, Doi: 10.1080/13594320802281094
• Neal A., Griffin M.A. & Hart P. M. (2000). The ımpact of organizational climate on safety climate and individual behavior. Safety Science, 34, 99-109
• Niskanen, T.(1994). Assessing the safety environment in the work organization of road maintenance jobs. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 26, 27-39.
• Nixon, A. E., Lanz, J. J., Manapragada, A., Bruk-Lee, V., Schantz, A. & Rodriguez, J. F. (2015), Nurse safety: How is safety climate related to affect and attitude?. Work & Stress, 29(4), 401-419.
• O'Reilly, C. A., Chatman, J., & Caldwell, D. F. (1991). People and organizational culture: A profile comparison approach to assessing person-organization fit. Academy of Management Journal, 34(3), 487–516. https://doi.org/10.2307/256404
• Ostroff, C., Kinicki, A. J., & Tamkins, M. M. (2003). Organizational culture and climate. In W. C. Borman, D. R. Ilgen, & R. J. Klimoski (Eds.), Handbook of psychology: Industrial and organizational psychology, 12, 565–593. John Wiley & Sons Inc.
• Quilty B. J , Clifford S., CMMID nCoV working group , Flasche S., & Eggo R.M . (2020). Effectiveness of airport screening at detecting travellers infected with novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). EuroSurveill. 25(5) https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.5.2000080.
• Rundmo, T. (2000). Safety climate, attitudes and risk perception in Norsk Hydro. Safety Science, 34(1-3), 47–59. doi:10.1016/s0925-7535(00)00006-0
• Slovic P., Fischhoff B. & Liechtenstein S. (1986). The psychometric study of risk perceptions. In: Covello V.T., Menkes J & Mumpower J. (Eds.) Risk evaluation and management. New York, London: Plenum Press, 3-24
• Stets J.E., Carter M.J. (2006). The moral identity: a principle level identity. In: McClelland K.A., Fararo T.J. (eds) Purpose, Meaning, and Action. Palgrave Macmillan, New York T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, COVID-19 Rehberi, Mart 2020.
• Weinstein, N.D., Kwitel, A., McCaul, K.D., Magan, R.E., Gerrard, M. & Gibbons, F.X. (2007). Risk perception: Assessment and relationship to influenza vaccination. Health Psychology, 26 (2), 146–151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278- 6133.26.2.146.
• WHO Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report -50 (2020). https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situationreports/20200310-sitrep-50-COVID-19.pdf?sfvrsn=55e904fb_2, (Erişim Tarihi: 12.04.2020).
• Yücebilgiç, H. (2007). A proposed model safety climate: Contributing factors and consequences, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
• Zohar, D. (1980). Safety climate in industrial organizations: Theoretical and applied implications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65, 96-101.