Literary Criticism Methods in National and Cultural Structure

Öz

Criticism stands as a much debated concept today. Although there is not a standard method that is used by everyone, there are different approaches to criticism. In this study, Turkish criticism was examined in two categories as the Ottoman and modern Republic of Turkey. It is seen that criticism methods are different in these periods. In the Ottoman period, criticism was made by the palace poets. In this period, there was a method of criticism different from the western critique and based entirely on Ottoman culture. Turkish literature, which met the Modern West in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, develops and progresses very differently than before. Turkish criticism changes in this process. The criticisms and new approaches applied in Turkish culture and art are listed in this study. Critical methods varying from culture to culture and its reflections in Turkish literature are examined in this article. In addition to these, criticism theories were examined and criticism theories valid in the world today were reviewed. In addition, the relation of criticism with the science of history is emphasized. Additionally, the discussions on criticism are listed in this study.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Criticism
• types of criticism in Turkish literature
• new approaches in criticism

Millî ve Kültürel Yapı Bağlamında Edebî Eleştiri Yöntemleri

Öz

Eleştiri bugün çok tartışılan bir kavram olarak durmaktadır. Herkes tarafından kullanılan standart bir yöntem olmamasına rağmen, eleştiri kavramına farklı yaklaşımlar mevcuttur. Bu çalışmada Türk eleştirisi, Osmanlı ve modern Türkiye Cumhuriyeti devirleri olmak üzere temelde iki dönemde incelenmiştir. Bu dönemlerde eleştiri yöntemlerinin farklı olduğu görülmektedir. Osmanlı döneminde eleştiri genellikle saray şairleri tarafından yapılmıştır. Bu dönemde, batı eleştirisinden farklı ve tamamen Osmanlı kültür ve medeniyetine dayanan bir eleştiri yöntemi vardır. 19. yüzyılın sonlarında ve 20. yüzyılın başlarında Modern Batı ile tanışan Türk edebiyatı, eskisinden çok farklı bir şekilde gelişir ve ilerler. Türk eleştirisi de bu süreçte değişir. Bu çalışmada Türk kültür ve edebiyatında uygulanan eleştiriler ve yeni yaklaşımlar sıralanmıştır. Kültürden kültüre değişen eleştiri yöntemleri ve bunların Türk edebiyatına yansımaları bu makalede ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca eleştirinin tarih bilimiyle ilişkisi üzerinde durulmuştur. Bununla birlikte çalışmada eleştiriye ilişkin tartışmalara da yer verilmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Eleştiri
• Türk edebiyatında eleştiri türleri
• eleştiride yeni yaklaşımlar

Kaynakça

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