SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH, GEOPOLITICAL RISK AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM THE UU ECONOMY

Öz

Environmental disasters in recent years, global warming, and political tensions between countries have made our world uninhabitable and caused concerns. This situation occupies the agenda of both national and international organizations and forces them to produce preventive policies. Efforts to improve the conditions of countries with unsustainable policies may adversely affect future generations' living spaces and situations. For this reason, the necessity of governments to design their sustainable economic growth policies by considering their environmental performance is becoming increasingly important daily. This indicates the need to identify the factors that impact environmental performance and to design sustainable economic policies that improve environmental performance. For this reason, in this study, the relationship between sustainable economic growth and geopolitical risk with environmental performance for the period 1970-2021 for the USA was examined with the ARDL Bounds Test approach. According to the long-term coefficients obtained from the ARDL Bounds Test approach, it has been determined that economic growth and non-renewable energy consumption negatively affect environmental performance. In contrast, renewable energy consumption positively affects environmental performance in the USA. In addition, it was concluded that there is no statistically significant relationship between geopolitical risk and trade openness on environmental performance in the USA. These findings indicate that promoting renewable energy consumption is an important policy component for environmental performance. It is thought that meeting the energy needs of the US economy from renewable sources can contribute to increasing biocapacity and reducing the ecological footprint.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sustainable Economic Growth
• Geopolitical Risk
• Load Capacity Factor
• Environmental Performance

SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR EKONOMİK BÜYÜME, JEOPOLİTİK RİSK VE ÇEVRE PERFORMANSI: ABD EKONOMİSİNDEN KANITLAR

Öz

Son yıllarda yaşanan çevresel felaketler, küresel ısınma ve ülkeler arasındaki siyasi gerilimler dünyamızı yaşanamaz hale getirmekte ve endişelere neden olmaktadır. Bu durum hem ulusal hem de uluslararası kuruluşların gündemini meşgul etmekte ve önleyici politika üretmeye zorlamaktadır. Ülkelerin mevcut koşullarını, sürdürülemez politikalarla iyileştirme çabaları, gelecek nesillerin yaşam alanlarını ve koşullarını olumsuz etkileyebilecektir. Bu nedenle ülkelerin sürdürülebilir ekonomik büyümeyi politikalarını, çevresel performansını dikkate alarak tasarlamalarının gerekliliği her geçen gün daha da önemli hale gelmektedir. Bu durum çevre performansı üzerinde etkisi olan faktörlerin belirlenmesi ve çevre performansını iyileştirici sürdürülebilir ekonomi politikaların tasarlanmasına olan ihtiyaca işaret etmektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada ABD için 1970-2021 dönemi yıllık verileriyle sürdürülebilir ekonomik büyüme ve jeopolitik riskin çevre performansı ilişkisi ARDL Sınır Testi yaklaşımıyla incelenmiştir. ARDL Sınır Testi yaklaşımından elde edilen uzun dönem katsayılarına göre ABD’de, ekonomik büyüme ve yenilenemez enerji tüketiminin çevre performansını negatif, yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminin ise çevre performansını pozitif etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca ABD’de jeopolitik risk ve ticari açıklığın çevre performansı üzerinde istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir ilişkisinin olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu bulgular, yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminin teşvik edilmesinin çevre performansı için önemli bir politika bileşeni olduğuna işaret etmektedir. ABD ekonomisinde enerji ihtiyacının yenilenebilir kaynaklardan sağlanmasının biyolojik kapasitenin arttırılması ve ekolojik ayak izin azaltılmasına katkı sağlayabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sürdürülebilir Ekonomik Büyüme
• Jeopolitik Risk
• Yük Kapasitesi Faktörü
• Çevre Performansı

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