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21. YÜZYILDA YÜKSELEN GÜÇ: ÇİN, İPEK YOLU PROJESİ VE ORTADOĞU’DAKİ ETKİSİ

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 51 - 64, 30.06.2020

Öz

Bölgeselcilik üzerine yapılan çalışmalar, II. Dünya savaşından sonra ortaya çıkmıştır. Farklı amaçlar ve belirli bir düzeni sağlamak üzere ortaya çıkan bölgesel yapılanmalar, uluslararası siyaset arenasında önemli görevler ve fonksiyonlar icra etmektedir. Çin’in bölgeselcilik politikası ise 2000’li yıllardan sonra ekonomik, askeri ve siyasi nüfuzunu arttırmaya başlamasıyla birlikte yeni bir paradigmaya evrilmiştir. Bu yüzden Çin, Asya ülkelerine yönelik çevreleme politikasını Ortadoğu coğrafyasına doğru genişletmektedir. 2013 yılında ilan ettiği Yeni İpek Yolu projesi ile bu amacına ulaşmaya çalışmaktadır. Çinli liderler tarafından İpek yolu projesi için iki yorum yaygın olarak kullanılmıştır. Birincisi; Çin’in büyük kartalı daha yükseğe ve daha uzağa uçabilir. Diğeri ise Çin’in umudu; herkesin kendi bahçesini değil, herkes için bir bahçe inşa etmektir. Öte yandan, Çin, yeni İpek yolu projesi ile Neo-liberal ekonomi politik araçlarını kullanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada benimsenen yaklaşım temelde analitiktir. Diğer yandan bu çalışmada Çin’in Ortadoğu politikaları emperyalist mi yoksa kazan-kazan esasına mı dayanıyor konusu tartışılmıştır. Yeni İpek Yolu projesi ile Ortadoğu bölgesinde hedeflediği amaçlar üzerinde durulmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Al-Rawashed, D.S & Al-Qatatsheh, M.H (2017). ‘China’s strategy in the Middle East: The Silk Road Project’, IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 22:1, Ver:4, pp.37-51.
  • Alagöz, E.A. (2019). ‘İç İstikrar, Refah ve Güç Hedefleri Ekseninde Çin’in Ortadoğu Politikası’, Güvenlik Stratejileri, 15:29, pp.79-113.
  • Barnett, M., & Solingen, E. (2009). Designed to fail or failure of design? The origins and legacy of the Arab League. In A. Acharya & A. Johnston (Eds.), Crafting Cooperation: Regional International Institutions in Comparative Perspective (pp. 180-220). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Börzel, T.A. (2016) ‘Theorizing Regionalism: Cooperation, Integration and Governance’ in Börzel & Risse, T (ed) The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Regionalism (pp 41-64). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Chaziza, M. (2019). The Gulf States and the New Silk Road, BESA Center Perspectives, paper no:1, 229.
  • Dorsey, J.M, (2019). China and the Middle East: Venturing into the Maelstrom, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Ellis, C.D. (2019). China’s Belt and Road Initiative in the Middle East. Available at https://www.silkroadbriefing.com/news/2019/06/21/chinas-belt-road-initiative-middle-east/ (Accessed on 4.1.2020).
  • Evron, Y. (2018). ‘OBOR’s impact on Sino-Israeli relations. In Ehteshami, A. & Horesh, N. (ed), China’s Presence in the Middle East: The Implications of the One Belt, One Road Initiative (pp.120-137). New York: Routledge.
  • Fawcett, L. & Gandois, H. (2010).’ Regionalism in Africa and the Middle East: Implications for EU Studies’, Journal of European Integration, 32:6, pp.617-636.
  • Foley, S. (2019). ‘OBOR and the dawn of a new era in Sino-Saudi ties’. In Ehteshami, A. & Horesh, N. (ed), China’s Presence in the Middle East: The Implications of the One Belt, One Road Initiative (pp.67-88). New York: Routledge.
  • Fontaine, R. & Kliman, D. (2018).On China’s New Silk Road, Democracy Pays a Toll, Foreign Policy, Available at https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/05/16/on-chinas-new-silk-road-democracy-pays-a-toll/ (Accessed on 03.01.2020).
  • Fulton, J. (2019). China’s Changing Role in the Middle East, Atlantic Council: Raif Hariri Center for the Middle East.
  • Giffoni, C. (2018). ‘The China-Arab States Cooperation Forum, BRİCS policy Center, Available at: https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/01/13/trump-iran-china-why-united-states-so-bad-foreign-policy/ (Accessed on: 10.01.2020).
  • Hettne, B & Söderbaum, F. (2006). ‘Theorising Comparative Regionalism: Bridging Old Divides’ Comparative Regional Integration, pp. 1-26.
  • Hurrell, A. (1996) ‘Regionalism in Theoretical Perspective’. In Fawceet & Hurrell (ed) Regionalism in World Politics: Regional Organization and İnternational Order (pp.37-73). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Kaczmarski, M. (2017). ‘Non-western visions of regionalism: China’s New Silk Road and Russia’s Eurasian Economic Union, International Affairs, 94:6, pp.1357-1376.
  • Kazemi, A. & Chen, X. (2014). ‘China and the Middle East: More than Oil’, Global Economy, The European Financial Review, February-March, pp.40-46.
  • Khader, B. (2018). ‘The Chinese Breakthrough in the Arab and Mediterranean Markets’, IEMed Mediterranean Yearbook 2018, pp.40-47.
  • Lons, C. (2019). China’s Great Game in the Middle East, European Council on Foreign Relations ecfr.eu
  • Pan, G. (1997). ‘China’s Success in the Middle East’, Middle East Quarterly, pp.35-40. Available at https://www.meforum.org/373/chinas-success-in-the-middle-east (Accessed on 03.01.2010).
  • Pinfari, M. (2016). ‘Regional Organizations in the Middle East’, Oxford Handbooks Online, Available at https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935307.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199935307-e-86 (Accessed on 01.01.2020).
  • Ponizilova, M. (2019). ‘Foreign Policy Activities of China in the Middle East: Establishing Energy Security or Being a Responsible Emerging Power?’, Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 21:6, pp.643-662.
  • Popescu, N. (2014). ‘Eurasian Union: the real, the imaginary and the likely’, EU Institute for Security Studies, Chaillot Paper no:132.
  • Scobell, A. (2018) ‘Why the Middle East matters to China’. In Ehteshami, A. & Horesh, N. (ed), China’s Presence in the Middle East: The Implications of the One Belt, One Road Initiative (pp.8-24). New York: Routledge
  • Scobell, A. & Nader, A. (2016). China in the Middle East: The wary Dragon, RAND Cooperation.
  • Smith, P.G. (2018). ‘ Complex interdependence in the China-Saudi-US triangle?’ In Ehteshami, A. & Horesh, N. (ed), China’s Presence in the Middle East: The Implications of the One Belt, One Road Initiative (pp.88-120). New York: Routledge.
  • Söderbaum, F. (2011). ‘Theory of Regionalism’. In Beeson, M & Stubbs, R (ed) The Routledge Handbook of Asian Regionalism (pp.1-23). New York: Routledge.
  • Summers, T. (2018). ‘Rocking the boat? China’s belt and road and global order’ In Ehteshami, A. & Horesh, N. (ed), China’s Presence in the Middle East: The Implications of the One Belt, One Road Initiative (pp.24-38). New York: Routledge.
  • Walt, S. (2020) Why is the United States So Bad at Foreign Policy? Available at https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/01/13/trump-iran-china-why-united-states-so-bad-foreign-policy/ (Accessed on 13.01.2020).
  • Xinquan, T. (2018). ‘ Is the Belt and Road Initiative a Chinese-style Regionalism?’, Joint U.S-Korea Academic Studies, pp.192-205.
  • Yeo, A. (2019). ‘China’s rising assertiveness and the decline in the East Asian regionalism narrative’, International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, Volume 0, pp.1-31.
Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 51 - 64, 30.06.2020

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Al-Rawashed, D.S & Al-Qatatsheh, M.H (2017). ‘China’s strategy in the Middle East: The Silk Road Project’, IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 22:1, Ver:4, pp.37-51.
  • Alagöz, E.A. (2019). ‘İç İstikrar, Refah ve Güç Hedefleri Ekseninde Çin’in Ortadoğu Politikası’, Güvenlik Stratejileri, 15:29, pp.79-113.
  • Barnett, M., & Solingen, E. (2009). Designed to fail or failure of design? The origins and legacy of the Arab League. In A. Acharya & A. Johnston (Eds.), Crafting Cooperation: Regional International Institutions in Comparative Perspective (pp. 180-220). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Börzel, T.A. (2016) ‘Theorizing Regionalism: Cooperation, Integration and Governance’ in Börzel & Risse, T (ed) The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Regionalism (pp 41-64). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Chaziza, M. (2019). The Gulf States and the New Silk Road, BESA Center Perspectives, paper no:1, 229.
  • Dorsey, J.M, (2019). China and the Middle East: Venturing into the Maelstrom, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Ellis, C.D. (2019). China’s Belt and Road Initiative in the Middle East. Available at https://www.silkroadbriefing.com/news/2019/06/21/chinas-belt-road-initiative-middle-east/ (Accessed on 4.1.2020).
  • Evron, Y. (2018). ‘OBOR’s impact on Sino-Israeli relations. In Ehteshami, A. & Horesh, N. (ed), China’s Presence in the Middle East: The Implications of the One Belt, One Road Initiative (pp.120-137). New York: Routledge.
  • Fawcett, L. & Gandois, H. (2010).’ Regionalism in Africa and the Middle East: Implications for EU Studies’, Journal of European Integration, 32:6, pp.617-636.
  • Foley, S. (2019). ‘OBOR and the dawn of a new era in Sino-Saudi ties’. In Ehteshami, A. & Horesh, N. (ed), China’s Presence in the Middle East: The Implications of the One Belt, One Road Initiative (pp.67-88). New York: Routledge.
  • Fontaine, R. & Kliman, D. (2018).On China’s New Silk Road, Democracy Pays a Toll, Foreign Policy, Available at https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/05/16/on-chinas-new-silk-road-democracy-pays-a-toll/ (Accessed on 03.01.2020).
  • Fulton, J. (2019). China’s Changing Role in the Middle East, Atlantic Council: Raif Hariri Center for the Middle East.
  • Giffoni, C. (2018). ‘The China-Arab States Cooperation Forum, BRİCS policy Center, Available at: https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/01/13/trump-iran-china-why-united-states-so-bad-foreign-policy/ (Accessed on: 10.01.2020).
  • Hettne, B & Söderbaum, F. (2006). ‘Theorising Comparative Regionalism: Bridging Old Divides’ Comparative Regional Integration, pp. 1-26.
  • Hurrell, A. (1996) ‘Regionalism in Theoretical Perspective’. In Fawceet & Hurrell (ed) Regionalism in World Politics: Regional Organization and İnternational Order (pp.37-73). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Kaczmarski, M. (2017). ‘Non-western visions of regionalism: China’s New Silk Road and Russia’s Eurasian Economic Union, International Affairs, 94:6, pp.1357-1376.
  • Kazemi, A. & Chen, X. (2014). ‘China and the Middle East: More than Oil’, Global Economy, The European Financial Review, February-March, pp.40-46.
  • Khader, B. (2018). ‘The Chinese Breakthrough in the Arab and Mediterranean Markets’, IEMed Mediterranean Yearbook 2018, pp.40-47.
  • Lons, C. (2019). China’s Great Game in the Middle East, European Council on Foreign Relations ecfr.eu
  • Pan, G. (1997). ‘China’s Success in the Middle East’, Middle East Quarterly, pp.35-40. Available at https://www.meforum.org/373/chinas-success-in-the-middle-east (Accessed on 03.01.2010).
  • Pinfari, M. (2016). ‘Regional Organizations in the Middle East’, Oxford Handbooks Online, Available at https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935307.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199935307-e-86 (Accessed on 01.01.2020).
  • Ponizilova, M. (2019). ‘Foreign Policy Activities of China in the Middle East: Establishing Energy Security or Being a Responsible Emerging Power?’, Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 21:6, pp.643-662.
  • Popescu, N. (2014). ‘Eurasian Union: the real, the imaginary and the likely’, EU Institute for Security Studies, Chaillot Paper no:132.
  • Scobell, A. (2018) ‘Why the Middle East matters to China’. In Ehteshami, A. & Horesh, N. (ed), China’s Presence in the Middle East: The Implications of the One Belt, One Road Initiative (pp.8-24). New York: Routledge
  • Scobell, A. & Nader, A. (2016). China in the Middle East: The wary Dragon, RAND Cooperation.
  • Smith, P.G. (2018). ‘ Complex interdependence in the China-Saudi-US triangle?’ In Ehteshami, A. & Horesh, N. (ed), China’s Presence in the Middle East: The Implications of the One Belt, One Road Initiative (pp.88-120). New York: Routledge.
  • Söderbaum, F. (2011). ‘Theory of Regionalism’. In Beeson, M & Stubbs, R (ed) The Routledge Handbook of Asian Regionalism (pp.1-23). New York: Routledge.
  • Summers, T. (2018). ‘Rocking the boat? China’s belt and road and global order’ In Ehteshami, A. & Horesh, N. (ed), China’s Presence in the Middle East: The Implications of the One Belt, One Road Initiative (pp.24-38). New York: Routledge.
  • Walt, S. (2020) Why is the United States So Bad at Foreign Policy? Available at https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/01/13/trump-iran-china-why-united-states-so-bad-foreign-policy/ (Accessed on 13.01.2020).
  • Xinquan, T. (2018). ‘ Is the Belt and Road Initiative a Chinese-style Regionalism?’, Joint U.S-Korea Academic Studies, pp.192-205.
  • Yeo, A. (2019). ‘China’s rising assertiveness and the decline in the East Asian regionalism narrative’, International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, Volume 0, pp.1-31.
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Soner Doğan 0000-0002-8696-3136

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Doğan, S. (2020). 21. YÜZYILDA YÜKSELEN GÜÇ: ÇİN, İPEK YOLU PROJESİ VE ORTADOĞU’DAKİ ETKİSİ. Asya Araştırmaları Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(1), 51-64.

30000

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