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FROM REGIONAL LANDSCAPE TO IMPERIAL PERSPECTIVE: KONSTANTIN SMIRNOV’S 1904 ACCOUNT OF THE OTTOMAN EASTERN PROVINCES

Cilt: 9 Sayı: 16 29 Ağustos 2026
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FROM REGIONAL LANDSCAPE TO IMPERIAL PERSPECTIVE: KONSTANTIN SMIRNOV’S 1904 ACCOUNT OF THE OTTOMAN EASTERN PROVINCES

Öz

This article examines the 1904 journey of Konstantin Nikolaevich Smirnov to the eastern provinces of the Ottoman Empire within the broader context of Russian imperial knowledge production and regional strategy. Drawing on Smirnov’s travel notes, the study argues that such accounts should not be read as merely descriptive narratives but as hybrid texts that combine observation with strategic evaluation. Smirnov provides detailed information on the region’s geography, population, administrative structures, and economic conditions, while also addressing key issues such as the Hamidiye Regiments, Kurdish-Armenian relations, and the position of migrant communities from the Russian Empire. Rather than treating these observations in isolation, the article situates them within Russia’s shifting geopolitical priorities in the early twentieth century, particularly in light of increasing European competition in the Ottoman East. Special attention is given to Smirnov’s analysis of German influence, especially in relation to the Baghdad Railway, which he identified as a potential challenge to Russian commercial and strategic interests in the Caucasus and northern Iran. His proposals regarding infrastructure, trade, and regional connectivity are interpreted as reflecting broader imperial concerns rather than purely individual impressions. By reinterpreting a single travel account through this analytical lens, the article highlights the role of such texts in linking localized observation to imperial policy considerations and demonstrates their relevance for understanding Russian approaches to the Ottoman eastern provinces on the eve of the Russo-Japanese War.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. “Smirnov Konstantin Nikolaevich (1877-1938).” Lyudi i Sudby: Biobibliograficheskiy Slovar Vostokovedov – Zhertv Politicheskogo Terrora v Sovetskiy Period (1917-1991), edited by Ya. V. Vasilkov & M. Yu. Sorokina, Peterburgskoe Vostokovedenie, St. Petersburg 2003.
  2. Arsenyev, K. K., & Shevyakov, V. T. (ed.) “Namestnichestvo Kavkazskoe.” Entsiklopedicheskiy Slovar Brokgauza i Efrona, Vol. 2(3). St. Petersburg: Tipografiya Akts. Obshch. Brokrauz-Efron, 1906, p. 238.
  3. Beydilli, Kemal. “1828-1829 Osmanlı-Rus Savaşı’nda Doğu Anadolu’dan Rusya’ya Göçürülen Ermeniler.” Belgeler XII/N. 17 (1993), pp. 365-434.
  4. Bice, Hayati. Kafkasya’dan Anadolu’ya Göçler. TDV Yayınları, Ankara 1991.
  5. Cohen, Stuart A. “Sir Arthur Nicolson and Russia: The Case of the Baghdad Railway.” The Historical Journal XVIII/N. 4 (1975), pp. 863-872.
  6. De Carolis, Ernesto. & Patricelli, Giovanni. Vesuvius A.D. 79: The Destruction of Pompeii and Herculaneum. Getty Publications, Los Angles CA 2003.
  7. Gencer, Ali İhsan. “Berlin Antlaşması.” Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi, Vol. 5. TDV Yayınları, İstanbul 1992, pp. 516-517.
  8. Klein, Janet. The Margins of Empire: Kurdish Militias in the Ottoman Tribal Zone. Stanford University Press, Stanford CA 2011.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Yakınçağ Rusya Tarihi

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

29 Ağustos 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

14 Nisan 2026

Kabul Tarihi

24 Ağustos 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 16

Kaynak Göster

APA
Arslan, M. (2026). FROM REGIONAL LANDSCAPE TO IMPERIAL PERSPECTIVE: KONSTANTIN SMIRNOV’S 1904 ACCOUNT OF THE OTTOMAN EASTERN PROVINCES. Akademik Tarih ve Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(16). https://doi.org/10.56448/ataddergi.1930562
AMA
1.Arslan M. FROM REGIONAL LANDSCAPE TO IMPERIAL PERSPECTIVE: KONSTANTIN SMIRNOV’S 1904 ACCOUNT OF THE OTTOMAN EASTERN PROVINCES. ATAD. 2026;9(16). doi:10.56448/ataddergi.1930562
Chicago
Arslan, Melikşah. 2026. “FROM REGIONAL LANDSCAPE TO IMPERIAL PERSPECTIVE: KONSTANTIN SMIRNOV’S 1904 ACCOUNT OF THE OTTOMAN EASTERN PROVINCES”. Akademik Tarih ve Araştırmalar Dergisi 9 (16). https://doi.org/10.56448/ataddergi.1930562.
EndNote
Arslan M (01 Ağustos 2026) FROM REGIONAL LANDSCAPE TO IMPERIAL PERSPECTIVE: KONSTANTIN SMIRNOV’S 1904 ACCOUNT OF THE OTTOMAN EASTERN PROVINCES. Akademik Tarih ve Araştırmalar Dergisi 9 16
IEEE
[1]M. Arslan, “FROM REGIONAL LANDSCAPE TO IMPERIAL PERSPECTIVE: KONSTANTIN SMIRNOV’S 1904 ACCOUNT OF THE OTTOMAN EASTERN PROVINCES”, ATAD, c. 9, sy 16, Ağu. 2026, doi: 10.56448/ataddergi.1930562.
ISNAD
Arslan, Melikşah. “FROM REGIONAL LANDSCAPE TO IMPERIAL PERSPECTIVE: KONSTANTIN SMIRNOV’S 1904 ACCOUNT OF THE OTTOMAN EASTERN PROVINCES”. Akademik Tarih ve Araştırmalar Dergisi 9/16 (01 Ağustos 2026). https://doi.org/10.56448/ataddergi.1930562.
JAMA
1.Arslan M. FROM REGIONAL LANDSCAPE TO IMPERIAL PERSPECTIVE: KONSTANTIN SMIRNOV’S 1904 ACCOUNT OF THE OTTOMAN EASTERN PROVINCES. ATAD. 2026;9. doi:10.56448/ataddergi.1930562.
MLA
Arslan, Melikşah. “FROM REGIONAL LANDSCAPE TO IMPERIAL PERSPECTIVE: KONSTANTIN SMIRNOV’S 1904 ACCOUNT OF THE OTTOMAN EASTERN PROVINCES”. Akademik Tarih ve Araştırmalar Dergisi, c. 9, sy 16, Ağustos 2026, doi:10.56448/ataddergi.1930562.
Vancouver
1.Melikşah Arslan. FROM REGIONAL LANDSCAPE TO IMPERIAL PERSPECTIVE: KONSTANTIN SMIRNOV’S 1904 ACCOUNT OF THE OTTOMAN EASTERN PROVINCES. ATAD. 01 Ağustos 2026;9(16). doi:10.56448/ataddergi.1930562

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