Organik gıdalarda problem: Mikotoksinler

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1 (Ocak), 0 - 0, 31.01.2022

Bayram Ürkek , Mustafa Şengül

Öz

Organik tarım; çevrenin korunması ve bütün canlıların doğal davranışlarının dikkate alınmasına yüksek vurgu yapan bir tarımsal üretim yöntemi olarak tanımlanabilir. Organik tarımda gübre, zirai ilaç, yem katkı maddeleri ve tedavi amacıyla kullanılan ilaçlar gibi sentetik kimyasal girdilerin kullanımından kaçınılmakta veya kullanım büyük ölçüde azaltılmaktadır. Organik tarım uygulaması sonucu üretilen gıdalar daha besleyici ve sağlıklı olarak algılanmaktadır. Ancak; depolama/muhafaza aşamasında farklı cins küflerin gelişimi sonrasında sentezlenen aflatoksinler, okratoksinler, fumonisinler, deoksinivalenol, patulin ve ergot alkaloidleri gibi mikotoksinler, tarımsal gıda ürünlerinin güvenilirliği açısından ciddi bir sorun oluşturmaktadır. Mikotoksinler, özellikle böbrek, karaciğer gibi hayati organlar ile gastrointestinal sisteme zarar verebilmekte ve aynı zamanda farklı kanser türlerine neden olabilmektedirler. Organik tarımda, tarımsal ilaç kullanılmaması veya yetersiz düzeyde kullanılması nedeniyle, üründe küf gelişimi sonrası mikotoksin içerme olasılığı yükselmektedir. Bu derlemede, organik gıdalarda bulunması muhtemel mikotoksinler ile gıda üretiminde alınması gereken tedbirler üzerinde durulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mikotoksin, Organik gıda, Gıda güvenliği, Sağlık

Kaynakça

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