Terörizmle Mücadelede NATO’nun Stratejik İletişim Konsepti ve Afganistan Örneği

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 67, 481 - 495, 01.12.2021

Erhan Uzun

Öz

Stratejik iletişim nispeten yeni bir terim olup askeri çevreler dahil bir çok alanda neredeyse bir moda sözcük haline gelmiştir. Üzerinde anlaşılan bir tanımı yoktur ancak genellikle insanların kalplerini ve zihinlerini kazanmakla ilişkilendirilir. Halk arasında mevcut savaşların ve operasyonları yapıldığı bilincine dayanır ve bu nedenle insan faktörü oldukça önemlidir. Dolayısıyla halkı anlamak, etkileşim kurmak, kaynaşmak ve onlarla iletişim kurmak gerekir. Stratejik iletişim, yürütülen operasyonun veya uygulanan politikanın çıkarına yönelik bir görüş ve tutum oluşturmak, güçlendirmek veya onu korumak için hedef kitleye yönelik tüm iletişim ve bilgi ile ilgili çabaların senkronizasyonudur. Bu çerçevede, bu makale 2003 yılından bu yana Afganistan’da savaşan NATO liderliğindeki ISAF güçlerinin stratejik iletişim çabalarını analiz etmektedir. Ayrıca bu makale stratejik iletişimin, İttifak’ın ve koalisyon güçlerinin Afganistan’daki başarısı için hayati bir rol oynadığını savunmaktadır çünkü modern savaş, terörizmle etkin bir şekilde mücadele etmek için tek askeri güç yerine kapsamlı bir yaklaşım gerektirir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

NATO, Stratejik İletişim, ISAF, Afganistan, Terörizm

THE CASE OF AFGHANISTAN IN NATO’S STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION CONCEPT IN COMBATING TERRORISM

Öz

StratCom is a comparatively new term that has become almost a buzzword in many areas, including the military. It has no agreed definition, but is usually associated with winning people’s hearts and minds. The human factor is very important in strategic communication, as it is vital to understand, and to interact, engage, and communicate with, the public. StratCom is the synchronization of all communication and information-related attempts directed at the target audience in order to form, strengthen or maintain an idea or attitude that is in the interest of the operation or implemented policy.
This paper analyses StratCom efforts of the NATO-led ISAF forces, which have been in combat in Afghanistan since 2003. It argues that StratCom has played a crucial role in achieving success for the Alliance and coalition forces in Afghanistan because to effectively combat terrorism, modern warfare requires a comprehensive approach rather than solely military power.

Anahtar Kelimeler

NATO, Strategic Communication, ISAF, Afghanistan, Terrorism

Kaynakça

• Abrahms, Max (2008). “What Terrorists Really Want: Terrorist Motives and Counterterrorism Strategy”, International Security, Vol.32, No:4, 2008, pp. 78-105.
• ACO Directive Number 95-2 (18 April 2012), retrieved April 10, 2021 from https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.297.2932&rep=rep1&type=pdf
• Argenti, Paul A. Robert A. Howell and Karen A. Back (2005), The Strategic Communication Imperative, MIT Sloan Management Review, 46 (3), 2005, p. 83-89.
• Babst, Stefanie Reinventing NATO’s Public Diplomacy, NATO Defence College, Rome, 2008.
• Başeren, Sertaç Strategic Communication For Combating Terrorism, Terörizmle Mücadele Mükemmeliyet Merkezi, Ankara, 2009.
• Dimitriu, George .R. (2012) “Winning The Story War: Strategic Communication and The Conflict in Afghanistan”, Public Relations Review, Vol. 38, Nu.2, pp. 195-207.
• Dulek, Ronald E. and Kim S. Campbell (2015), “On the Dark Side of Strategic Communication”, International Journal of Business Communication, Vol. 52 Nu.1, pp. 122-142. Durand, Rodolphe (2006). Organizational Evolution and Strategic Management, Sage, London.
• Fredriksson, Magnus and Josef Pallas (2016), “Diverging Principles for Strategic Communication in Government Agencies”, International Journal of Strategic Communication, Vol.10, No:3, pp. 153-164.
• Güler, Rıza (2015). Güvenlik Odaklı Stratejik İletişim: Tarihsel Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Kara Harp Okulu, Savunma Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
• Grunig, James E. (2006). “Furnishing the Edifice: Ongoing Research on Public Relations As A Strategic Management Function”, Journal of Public Relations Research, Vol.18, No:2, pp. 151-176.
• Hallahan, Kirk, Derina R. Holtzhausen, Betteke van Ruler, Dejan Verčič and Krishnamurthy Sriramesh. (2007), “Defining Strategic Communication”, International of Journal Strategic Communication, Vol. 1, No.1, pp.3-35.
• Hammes, Thomas X. (2005). “War Evolves Into The Fourth Generation”, Contemporary Security Policy, Vol.26, No.2, pp. 189-221.
• Holtzhausen, Derina and Ansgar Zerfass (2015), Strategic Communication: Opportunities and Challenges of the Research Area: The Routledge Handbook of Strategic Communication, Routledge, New York.
• Katz, Rita (2015). “The State Department’s Twitter War With ISIS is embarrassing”, TIME, retrieved March 10, 2021 from http://time.com/3387065/isis-twitter-war-state-department/
• Lasswell, Harold D. (1928). “The Function of the Propagandist” International Journal of Ethics, 38:3, 258-278.
• McChrystal, Stanley (2009) “Commander ISAF’s Initial Assessment”, retrieved February 26, 2021 from https://media.defense.gov/2017/Jun/19/2001765050/-1/- 1/0/AP_BRAND_MCCHRYSTALS_ASSESSMENT.PDF ISAF
• NATO (June 2004), “Istanbul Summit Communiqué”, retrieved February 05, 2021 from https://www.nato.int/docu/pr/2004/p04-096e.htm.
• NATO (2008), “ISAF’s Strategic Vision”, retrieved February 12, 2021 from https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_8444.htm?mode=pressrelease
• NATO (2009), “Summit Declaration on Afghanistan”, retrieved February 26, 2021 from https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_52836.htm
• NATO (December 2009), “Statement on Afghanistan”, retrieved February 26, 2021 from https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_59701.htm?selected Locale=en
• NATO (November 2010), “Active Engagement, Modern Defence: Strategic Concept”, retrieved April 6, 2021 from https://www.nato.int/strategic-concept/pdf/Strat_Concept_web_en.pdf
• NATO (2012) “Chicago Summit Declaration on Afghanistan”, retrieved June 2 2021 from https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_87593.htm?selected Locale=en
• NATO (2019), “NATO and Afghanistan”, retrieved March 29, 2021 from https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/topics_8189.htm.
• Nothhaft, Howard (2016). “A Framework for Strategic Communication Research: A Call for Synthesis and Consilience”, International Journal of Strategic Communication, Vol.10, No.2, pp. 69-86.
• O’Hanlon, Michael and Bruce Riedel (Winter 2011), “Plan A-Minus for Afghanistan”, The Washington Quarterly, Vol.34, No:1, pp. 123-132.
• Paul, Christopher (2011) Strategic Communication: Origins, Concepts, and Current Debates, Praeger, California.