-
Abstract
Worldwide, social transformations of the post 1960s and short-lived “thaw” period in the Soviets gave birth to Russian avant-garde, nonconformism. Leningrad (today Saint Petersburg) and Moscow were the venues where the resistance of the artists with illegal exhibitions took place as reactionary demonstrations against the increasing interventions and persecutions following the end of “thaw” period. In the second half of the 20th century, non-conformist artists of the second generation, Russian avantgardism who constantly sought new forms of expressions and pursued the ways of comportment with contemporary art formed a commonality regarding their work theme which can be outlined as the existential misery of human being. Resistance of the groups of the non-conformist artists who were closely watched by the Soviet administration and significant works of some key names among them made a big impact in this period. Here, non-political artistic activities (focused on art itself rather than anything else) of the nonconformist artists of the Leningrad will be the main concern of the study. Additionally, artists who got deported or forced and threatened to leave their country will be mentioned in detail.
Keywords
RUS NON-KONFORMİZMİ / Russian Non-Comformism
Öz
1960 sonrası dünya çapında yaşanan dönüşümler ve Sovyetler
Birliği’nin geçirdiği kısa süreli “Yumuşama” dönemi, ikinci kuşak Rus
avangart, non-konformizmini ortaya çıkarmıştır. “Yumuşama” döneminin
sona erip müdahale ve takiplerin artması, sanatçıların buna karşı direnci,
izinsiz yapılan sergi-eylemler yoğunlukla Leningrad (şimdiki Saint
Petersburg) ve Moskova şehirlerinde gerçekleşmiştir. 20.Yüzyılın ikinci
yarısında dünya sanatına uyum sağlamağa çalışan ve yapıtlarında durmadan
yeni ifade biçimleri arayan ikinci kuşak Rus avangardizminin nonkonformist
sanatçıları, insanın varoluşsal perişanlığı teması üzerinde
birleşmişlerdir. Sovyet yönetimi tarafından yakından takip edilen nonkonformist
sanatçı gruplarının direniş mücadelesi ve bazı kilit sanatçıların
eserleri bu döneme damgasını vurmuştur. Bu makalede, özellikle politikadan
uzak, sadece sanatla ilgilenen Leningrad non-konformistlerinin faaliyetleri
araştırmanın özünü oluşturuyor. Aynı zamanda sınır dışı edilen, baskı ve
tehditler yüzünden ülkelerini terk etmek zorunda bırakılan muhacir
sanatçılardan örneklendirmeler yapılmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: SSCB, Çözülme, Leningrad, Non-konformizm,
Varoluşçuluk, Rus Avangardizmi, Sergi-eylem.
Russian Non-Comformism
Abstract
Worldwide, social transformations of the post 1960s and short-lived
“thaw” period in the Soviets gave birth to Russian avant-garde, nonconformism.
Leningrad (today Saint Petersburg) and Moscow were the
venues where the resistance of the artists with illegal exhibitions took place
as reactionary demonstrations against the increasing interventions and
persecutions following the end of “thaw” period. In the second half of the
20th century, non-conformist artists of the second generation, Russian avantgardism
who constantly sought new forms of expressions and pursued the
ways of comportment with contemporary art formed a commonality
regarding their work theme which can be outlined as the existential misery of
human being.
Resistance of the groups of the non-conformist artists who were
closely watched by the Soviet administration and significant works of some
key names among them made a big impact in this period. Here, non-political
artistic activities (focused on art itself rather than anything else) of the nonconformist
artists of the Leningrad will be the main concern of the study.
Additionally, artists who got deported or forced and threatened to leave their
country will be mentioned in detail.
Keywords: Russian, Leningrad, avant-garde, non-conformism.
Anahtar Kelimeler
