PRENATAL PERİODONTAL HASTALIKLARDA GÜNCEL YAKLAŞIMLAR VE HEMŞİRELİK BAKIMI

Öz

Prenatal periodontal hastalıklar gebelikte meydana gelen fizyolojik ve hormonal değişimler sonucu ortaya çıkan, dişetinin enfeksiyonu nedeniyle meydana gelen diş kaybı ile sonuçlanan hastalıklardır. Diş ve dişetinde meydana gelen enfeksiyonlar gebelikte; düşük doğum ağırlıklı yenidoğan, abortus, preeklemsi, preterm eylem gibi önemli sağlık sorunlarını beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu nedenle gebelere ağız ve diş sağlığı alışkanlıkları kazandırmak ve hastalıkları önceden saptayabilmek önemlidir. Ancak gebelikte diş hekimi kontrolleri oldukça düşük seviyededir. Sağlık çalışanlarının bu konuya yeterince önem vermemesi ve farkındalığının olmaması gebelikte ağız ve diş sağlığını olumsuz etkilemektedir. Gebelerle her türlü sağlık kuruluşunda en fazla iletişim kuran sağlık profesyonelleri olarak hemşirelerin bu konudaki farkındalığının ve bilgi düzeyinin arttırılması önemlidir. Bu sayede periodontal hastalıklar nedeniyle gebelikte meydana gelebilecek önemli sağlık problemleri önlenebilir. Bu derlemenin amacı prenatal periodontal hastalıklarda güncel yaklaşımlar ve hemşirelik bakımını literatür doğrultusunda incelemektir. Literatür bilgileri Pubmed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, Akademik Google ve Ulakbim veri tabanı kullanılarak elde edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• gebelik
• hemşirelik bakımı
• periodontal hastalıklar

CURRENT APPROACHES IN PRENATAL PERIODONTAL DISEASES AND NURSING CARE

Öz

Prenatal periodontal diseases are diseases, which result in physiological and hormonal changes that occur in pregnancy, resulting in loss of teeth due to infection of the gingiva. Infection from teeth and gingiva brings important health problems such as low birth weight newborns, abortus, preeclampsia and preterm labor with low birth. For this reason, it is important to provide oral and dental health habits of the pregnant women and to be able to predict disease in advance. However, dental control in pregnancy is quite low. The fact that health professionals do not pay enough attention to this issue and their lack of awareness are among the important reasons for this situation. It is important to increase the level of awareness and knowledge of nurses in this regard as health professionals who communicate with pregnancies most often in any health establishment. In this respect, important health problems that can occur in pregnancy due to periodontal diseases can be prevented. The aim of this review is to examine current approaches and nursing care in the prenatal periodontal diseases. The literature information was obtained using Pubmed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, Academic Google and Ulakbim database.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pregnancy
• Nursing care
• Periodontal diseases

Kaynakça

1. 1. Erzincan SG, Yarımoğlu ED, Tunar OL, Gürsoy H. Periodontal Hastalıklar ve Hamilelikte Oluşan Olumsuz Sonuçlar. 7tepeklinik 2016; 65-9.
2. 2. Mecdi M, Hotun Şahin N. Gebelikte Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı. Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi 2015; 24(4): 163-8.
3. 3. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist. Committee Opinion, USA 2013; 569. https://www.acog.org/-/media/project/acog/acogorg/clinical/files/committee-opinion/articles/2013/08/oral-health-care-during-pregnancy-and-through-the-lifespan.pdf
4. 4. Naseem M, Khurshid Z, Khan HA, Niazi F, Zohaib S, Zafar MS. Oral health challenges in pregnant women: Recommendations for dental care professionals. The Saudi Journal for Dental Research 2015; 7: 138-46.
5. 5. Kısa S, Zeyneloğlu S. Doğum Sonu Servisinde Yatan Kadınların Gebelikteki Ağız Hijyeni Alışkanlıkları ve Diş Hekimine Gitme Durumları. TSK Koruyucu Hekimlik Bülteni 2013; 12(1): 65-74.
6. 6. Sağlam E, Saruhan N, Çanakçı ÇF. Hamilelik ve Periodontal Hastalık. Marmara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 2014; 4(4): 261-7.
7. 7. Ide M, Papapanou PN. Epidemiology of association between maternal periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes - systematic review. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 2013; 40(14): 181-94.
8. 8. Boutigny H, Moegen ML, Egea L, Badran Z, Boschin F, Delcourt-Debruyne E et al. Oral Infections and Pregnancy: Knowledge of Gynecologists/Obstetricians, Midwives and Dentists. Oral Health Preventive Dentist 2016; 14: 41-7.

9. 9. Ekiz D, Ekiz A, Özköse B, Dinçol ME, Sübay RK, Polat İ. Gebelikte ağız ve diş sağlığı konusunda doğru ve yanlış bildiklerimiz: Anket çalışması. Perinataloji Dergisi 2015; 25(3): 180-5.
10. 10. Duff M, Dahlen HG, Burns E, Priddis H, Schmied V, George A. Designing an oral health module for the Bachelor of Midwifery program at an Australian University. Nursing Education in Practise 2017; 23: 76-81.
11. 11. Hartnett E, Haber J, Krainovich-Miller B, Bella A, Vasilyeva A, Kessler JE. Oral Health in Pregnancy. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing 2016; 45: 565-73.
12. 12. Kanotra S, Sholapurkar AA, Pai KM. Dental considerations in pregnancy: review. Revista de Clínica e Pesquisa Odontologica 2010; 6(2): 161-5.
13. 13. George A, Jhonson M, Blinkhorn A, Ellis S, Bhole S, Ajvani S. Promoting oral health during pregnancy: current evidence and implications for Australian midwives. Journal of Clinical Nursing 2010; 19: 3324-33.
14. 14. Ren H, Du M. Role of Maternal Periodontitis in Preterm Birth. Frontiers in Immunology 2017; 8: 139-49.
15. 15. Iheozor-Ejiofor Z, Middleton P, Esposito M, Glenny AM. Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017; 6: 1-66.
16. 16. Basha S, Swamy HS ve Mohamed RN. Maternal Periodontitis as a Possible Risk Factor For Preterm Birth and Low Birth Weight- A Prospective Study. Oral Health Preventive Dentist 2015; 13: 537-44.
17. 17. Kruse AB, Kuerschener AC, Kunze M, Woelber JP, Ahmad AA, Wittmer A. Association between high risk for preterm birth and changes in gingiva parameters during pregnancy-a prospective cohort study. Clinical Oral Investigation 2017; 22(3): 1263-71.
18. 18. Madianos PN, Bobetsis YA, Offenbacher S. Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) and periodontal disease: pathogenic mechanisms. European Federation of Periodontology and American Academy of Periodontology 2013; 84(4): 170-80.
19. 19. Teshome A, Yitayeh A. Relationship between periodontal disease and preterm low birth weight: systematic review. Pan African Medical Journal 2016; 24: 215-25.
20. 20. Meqa K, Dragidella F, Disha M, Sllamniku-Dalipi Z. The Association between Periodontal Disease and Preterm Low Birthweight in Kosovo. Acta Stomatologica Croatica 2017; 51(1): 33-40.
21. 21. Karimi MR, Hamissi JH, Naenini SR, Karimi M. The Relationship Between Maternal Periodontal Status of and Preterm and Low Birth Weight Infants in Iran: A Case Control Study. Global Journal of Health Science 2016; 8(5): 184-88.
22. 22. Khalighinejad N, Aminoshariae A, Kulild JC, Michel A. Apical Periodontitis, a Predictor Variable for Preeclampsia: A Case-control Study. Clinical Research 2017; 43(10): 1611-14.
23. 23. Çanakçı V, Çanakçı CF, Çanakçı H, Çanakçı E, Çiçek Y, İngeç M ve ark. Periodontal disease as a risk factor for pre-eclampsia: A case control study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2004; 44: 568-73.
24. 24. Penova-Veselinovic B, Keelan JA, Wang CA, Newnham JP, Pennel CE. Changes in inflammatory mediators in gingival crevicular fluid following periodontal disease treatment in pregnancy: relationship to adverse pregnancy outcome. Journal of Reproductive Immunology 2015; 112: 1-10.
25. 25. Ibrahim MI, Abdelhafeez MA, Ellaithy MA, Salama AH, Amin AS, Eldakrory H. Can Porphyromonas gingivalis be a novel aetiology for recurrent miscarriage? The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care 2015; 20(2): 1-9.
26. 26. Usturalı Mut AN, Öcek ZA, Yücel U, Çiçeklioğlu M, Eden E. İzmir-Bornova’da Gebelerin Ağız-Diş Sağlığı Hizmeti Gereksinimi ve Bu Hizmetlerden Yararlanma Düzeyinin Sosyoekonomik Değişkenlerle İlişkisi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 2014; 28(3): 93-103.
27. 27. George A, Dahlen HG, Blinkhom A, Ajwani S, Bhole S, Ellis S et al. Measuring oral health during pregnancy: sensitivity and specificity of a maternal oral screening (MOS) tool. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2016; 16: 347-53.
28. 28. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Doğum Öncesi Bakım Rehberi Ankara 2014; 1-44.
29. 29. Oral Health Care During Pregnancy Expert Workgroup. Oral Health Care During Pregnancy: A National Consensus Statement- Summary of an Expert Work Group Meeting. Washington, USA 2012; 1-12.
30. 30. Kanduti D, Sterbenk P, Artnik B. Fluoride: a review of use and effects on Health. Mater Sociomed 2016; 28(2): 133-7.
31. 31. Nayak PA, Nayak UA, Khandelwal V. The effect of xylitol on dental caries and oral flora. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry 2014; 6: 89-94.
32. 32. Oral Health During Pregnancy and Early Childhood: Evidence‑Based Guidelines for Health Professionals. Canadian Dental Association, Canada 2010; 1-80.
33. 33. Kessler JL. Literature review on women’s oral health across the life span. Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses 2017; 21(2): 108-21.
34. 34. George A, Dahlen HG, Blinkhom A, Ajwani S, Bhole S, Ellis S et al. Measuring oral health during pregnancy: sensitivity and specificity of a maternal oral screening (MOS) tool. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2016; 16: 347-53.
35. 35. Cengiz SB. The Pregnant Patient: Considerations For Dental Management and Drug Use. Quintessence İnternational 2007; 38 (3): 137-42.
36. 36. Kaplan YC, Can H, Demir Ö, Karadaş B, Yılmaz İ, Kaya Temiz T. İlaçların gebelikte kullanımlarına dair risk iletişiminde yeni dönem: FDA gebelik risk kategorileri değişiyor. Türk Aile Hekimliği Dergisi 2014; 18(4): 195-8.