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The Effect of Vitamin C and Vitamin E Administration for Treatment and Protection on Serum Vitamin Levels in Rats with Experimentally Fluorosis Created

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 211 - 218, 31.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.17094/ataunivbd.855212

Öz

This study aimed to determine the vitamins A-D and E levels in rats with experimental fluorosis and in whom vitamins, C and E were administered for prevention and treatment. One-month-old Wistar-Albino rats were used as material in the study. Nine groups of 8 animals each were studied. Sodium fluoride (NaF) solutions (150 mg / kg) prepared in drinking water were administered ad-libitum during the study. Vitamin C (100 mg / kg), Vitamin E (300 mg / kg) and Vitamin C + Vitamin E (100 mg / kg + 300 mg / kg) were administered to the protection group with water containing 150 ppm NaF for 16 weeks / day. Water containing 150 ppm NaF was given ad-libitum for 16 weeks in the treatment group, and then Vitamin C (100 mg/kg), Vitamin E (300 mg/kg) and Vitamin C + Vitamin E (100 mg/kg + 300 mg/kg) were administered along with normal drinking water for 4 weeks. At the end of sixteen weeks, blood samples were taken from the rats and their serums were removed. Serum Retinol, α-Tocopherol, Vitamin D3 levels were determined by HPLC. In the fluorosis group, it was found that there was no change in serum vitamin A and vitamin D levels with the application of vitamins C and E for treatment and protection, but a decrease in vitamin E level. As a result, it was concluded that the administration of vitamin E is effective in both the prevention and treatment of fluorosis cases.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Agalakova N., Gusev GP., 2011. AgaFluoride-induced death of rat erythrocytes in vitro. Toxicology in Vitro, 25, 1609-1618.
  • 2. Elbek Ç., Sabah E., 2001. İnsanda flor toksikolojisi. A Ü Diş Hek Fak Derg, 28, 99-104.
  • 3. Dote T., Kono K., Usuda K., Nishiura H., Tagawa T., Miyata K., Shimahara M., Hashiguchi N., Senda J., Tanaka Y., 2000. Toxicokinetics of intravenous fluoride in rats with kidney damage caused by high-dose fluoride exposure. Int Arch Occup Environ Health; 73, 90-92.
  • 4. Teotia SP., Teotia M., 1973. Secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with endemic skeletal fluorosis. Br Med J, 1, 637-640.
  • 5. Cinar DA., Selcuk M., 2005. Effects of chronic fluorosis on thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and protein bound iodine in cows. Fluoride; 38, 65-68.
  • 6. Kilicalp D., Cinar A., Belge F., 2004. Effects of chronic fluorosis on electrocardiogram in dogs. Fluoride, 37, 96-101.
  • 7. Song GH., Gao JP., Wang CF., Chen CY., Yan XY., Guo M., Wnag Y, Huang FB., 2014. Sodium fluoride induces apoptosis in the kidney of rats through caspase-mediated pathways and DNA damage, J Physiol Biochem, 70, 857-868.
  • 8. Öner AC., Dede S., Yur F., Öner A., 2020. The effect of vitamin C and vitamin E on DNA damage, oxidatıve status, and some biochemical parameters in rats with experimental fluorosis. Fluoride, 53, 154-163.
  • 9. Lanhance PA., Nakat Zeina BS., Woo-Sik Jeong MS., 2001. Antioxidants: An integrative approach. Nutr, 17, 835-838.
  • 10. Miller JK., Slebodzinska EB., 1993. Oxidative stress, antioxidants and animal functions. J Dairy Sci, 76, 2812-2823.
  • 11. Kurtdede E., Pekcan M., Karagül H., 2018. Florun serbest radikaller, reaktif oksijen türleri ve oksidatif stres ile ilişkileri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Vet Bil Derg, 13, 373-379.
  • 12. Li Y., Schellhorn HE., 2007. New developments and novel therapeutic perspectives for vitamin C. J Nutr, 137, 2171-2184.
  • 13. Valko M., Izakovic M., Mazur M., Rhodes CJ., Telser J., 2004. Role of oxygen radicals in DNA damage and cancer incidence. Mol Cell Biochem, 266, 37-56.
  • 14. Moller P., Viscovich M., Lykkesfeldt J., Loft S., Jensen A., Poulsen HE., 2004. Vitamin C supplementation decreases oxidative DNA damage in mononuclear blood cells of smokers. Eur J Nutr, 43, 267-274.
  • 15. Tanumihardjo S., Russel RM., Stephensen CB., Gannon BM., Craft NE., Haskel MJ., Lietz G., Schulze K., Raiten DJ., 2016. Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND) Vitamin A Review, The Journal of Nutrition Supplement: Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND). J Nutr, 146, 1816-1846.
  • 16. Çimen MBY., Çimen ÖB., 2016. Obezite ve D vitamini, Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim Derg, 9, 102-112.
  • 17. Turgut CT., Palancıoğlu A., Yaltırık M., 2018. D vitamini ve diş sağlığındaki önemi. Türkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci, 24, 239-247.
  • 18. Yüksek V., Çetin S., Usta A., Kömüroğlu AU., Dede S., 2017. Effect of some vitamins on antioxidant/prooxidant parameters in sodium fluoride (NaF)-treated cell line (hFOB 1.19). Turkish J Veter Res, 1, 1-6.
  • 19. He LF., Chen JG., 2006. DNA damage, apoptosis and cell cycle changes induced by fluoride in rat oral mucosal cells and hepatocytes. World J Gastroenterol; 12, 1144-1148.
  • 20. Miller KW., Yang CS., 1985. An isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous analysis of plasma retinol, α-tocopherol and various carotenoids. Analytical Biochem, 145, 21-26.
  • 21. Zaspel BJ., Csallany S., 1983. Determination of Alpha-Tocopherol in tissues and plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. Analytical Biochem, 130, 146-150.
  • 22. Reynolds SL., Judd HJ., 1984. Rapid procedure for the determination of Vitamins A and D in fortified skimmed milk powder using high-performance liquid chromatography. Analyst, 109, 489-492.
  • 23. Ergun HS., Russel-Sinn HA., Baysu N., Dündar Y., 1987. Studies on the fluorine content in water and soil, blood urine, bone and teeth of sheep, urine of human in the eastern and western part of Turkey. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr, 94, 416-420.
  • 24. Choubisa SL., 1999. Some observations on endemic fluorosis in domestic animals in Southern Rajasthan (India). Vet Res Com, 23, 457-465.
  • 25. Choi AL., Sun G., Zhang T., Grandjean P., 2012. Developmental fluoride neurotoxicity: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Environ Health Perspect, 120, 1362-1368.
  • 26. Comba B., Çınar A., 2016. Investigation of effects of fluorosis on some minerals and hormones in sheep. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 63, 223-227.
  • 27. Underwood EJ., 1977. Trace elements in human and animal nutrition. 4th ed. New York: Academic Press Inc; pp. 347-63.
  • 28. Wang YN., Xiao KQ., Liu JL., Dallner G., Guan ZZ., 2000. Effect of long-term fluoride exposure on lipid composition in rat liver. Toxicol, 146, 161-169.
  • 29. Chlubek D., 2003. Fluoride and oxidative stress. Fluoride, 36, 217-228.
  • 30. Chlubek D., Zawierta J., Kazmierczyk A., Kramek J., Olszewska M., Stachowska E., 1999. Effect of different fluoride ion concentrations on malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in the mitochondrial fraction of human placental cells. Bromat Chem Toksykol, 32, 119-122.
  • 31. Ekambaram P., Paul V., 2003. Effect of vitamin D on chronic behavioural and dental toxicities of sodium fluoride in rats. Fluoride, 36, 189-197.
  • 32. Vatassery GT., Ophaug RH, Singer L., 1980. The effect of floride intake on the total lipid, cholesterol and vitamin E levels in sera and liver of guinea pigs on high fat diet. Life Sci, 27, 1961-1966.
  • 33. Altuğ N., Arslan S., Yüksek N., Keleş İ., Yörük İH., Başbuğan Y., Aytekin İ., 2013. The levels of trace elements and selected vitamins in goats with chronic fluorosis. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 37, 529-534.
  • 34. Andersen L., Richards A., Care AD., Andersen HMK., Kragstrup J., Fejerskov O., 1986. Parathyroid glands, calcium, and vitamin D in experimental fluorosis in pigs. Calcif Tissue Int, 38, 222-226.
  • 35. Reddy GB., Khandare AL., Reddy PY., Rao GS., Balakrishna N., Srivalli I., 2003. Antioxidant defense system and lipid peroxidation in patients with skeletal fluorosis and fluoride-intoxicated rabbits. Toxicol Sci, 72, 363-368.
  • 36. Bouaziz H., Croute F., Boudawara T., Soleilhavoup JP., Zeghal N., 2007. Oxidative stress induced by fluoride in adult mice and their suckling pups. Exp Toxicol Pathol, 58, 339-349.
  • 37. Yıldırım S., Oto G., Comba B., Ekin S., Çinar A., 2017. An investigation of the protective effects of resveratrol on some biochemical parameters and histopathological findings in experimentally-induced chronic flurosis in rats, Fluoride, 50, 365-373.
  • 38. Yaşar S., Yur F., 2008. Antioxidant vitamin and mineral levels in sheep with fluorosis. Biol Trace Elem Res, 123, 139-143.
  • 39. Bhowmik AD., Shaw P., Mondal P., Chakraborty A., Sudarshan M., Chattopadhyay A., 2020. Calcium and Vitamin D supplementation effectively alleviates dental and skeletal fluorosis and retain elemental homeostasis in mice. Biol Trace Element Res, 199-3035-3044.
  • 40. Sellami M., Riahi H., Maatallah K., Ferjani H., Bouaziz MC., Ladeb MF., 2020. Skeletal fluorosis: don’t miss the diagnosis!. Skeletal Radiol, 49, 345-357.
  • 41. Srivastava S., Flora S., 2020. Fluoride in drinking water and skeletal fluorosis: a review of the global Impact. Curr Envir Health Rpt, 7, 140-146.

Deneysel Florozis Oluşturulmuş Ratlarda Tedavi ve Koruma Amaçlı Vitamin C ve Vitamin E Uygulamasının Serum Vitamin Düzeyleri Üzerine Etkisi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 211 - 218, 31.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.17094/ataunivbd.855212

Öz

Bu çalışmada, deneysel florozis oluşturulmuş, korunma ve tedavi için vitamin C ve E uygulanmış ratlarda A- D ve E vitamin düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Çalışmada materyal olarak, 1 aylık Wistar-Albino ratlar kullanıldı. Her biri 8 hayvandan oluşan 9 grup üzerinde çalışıldı. İçme suyu içerisinde hazırlanan sodyum florür (NaF) çözeltileri (150 mg/kg), çalışma süresince ad-libitum olarak uygulandı. Koruma grubuna, 150 ppm NaF içeren su ile birlikte 16 hafta/gün aşırı Vitamin C (100 mg/kg), Vitamin E (300 mg/kg) ve Vitamin C + Vitamin E (100 mg/kg + 300 mg/kg) uygulandı. Tedavi grubuna, 16 hafta süresince 150 ppm NaF içeren su, ad-libitum olarak verildikten sonra 4 hafta süresince normal içme suyu yanında; Vitamin C (100 mg/kg), Vitamin E (300 mg/kg) ve Vitamin C + Vitamin E (100 mg/kg + 300 mg/kg) uygulandı. On altı hafta sonunda ratlardan kan örnekleri alınarak serumları çıkarıldı. Serum Retinol, α-Tokoferol, Vitamin D3, düzeyleri HPLC ile belirlendi. Florozis grubunda tedavi ve koruma amaçlı vitamin C ve E uygulaması ile serum vitamin A ve vitamin D düzeylerinde bir değişikliğin olmadığı, ancak vitamin E seviyesinde azalma olduğu tespit edildi. Sonuç olarak, florozis olgularında hem korunmada hem de tedavide vitamin E verilmesinin etkili olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Agalakova N., Gusev GP., 2011. AgaFluoride-induced death of rat erythrocytes in vitro. Toxicology in Vitro, 25, 1609-1618.
  • 2. Elbek Ç., Sabah E., 2001. İnsanda flor toksikolojisi. A Ü Diş Hek Fak Derg, 28, 99-104.
  • 3. Dote T., Kono K., Usuda K., Nishiura H., Tagawa T., Miyata K., Shimahara M., Hashiguchi N., Senda J., Tanaka Y., 2000. Toxicokinetics of intravenous fluoride in rats with kidney damage caused by high-dose fluoride exposure. Int Arch Occup Environ Health; 73, 90-92.
  • 4. Teotia SP., Teotia M., 1973. Secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with endemic skeletal fluorosis. Br Med J, 1, 637-640.
  • 5. Cinar DA., Selcuk M., 2005. Effects of chronic fluorosis on thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and protein bound iodine in cows. Fluoride; 38, 65-68.
  • 6. Kilicalp D., Cinar A., Belge F., 2004. Effects of chronic fluorosis on electrocardiogram in dogs. Fluoride, 37, 96-101.
  • 7. Song GH., Gao JP., Wang CF., Chen CY., Yan XY., Guo M., Wnag Y, Huang FB., 2014. Sodium fluoride induces apoptosis in the kidney of rats through caspase-mediated pathways and DNA damage, J Physiol Biochem, 70, 857-868.
  • 8. Öner AC., Dede S., Yur F., Öner A., 2020. The effect of vitamin C and vitamin E on DNA damage, oxidatıve status, and some biochemical parameters in rats with experimental fluorosis. Fluoride, 53, 154-163.
  • 9. Lanhance PA., Nakat Zeina BS., Woo-Sik Jeong MS., 2001. Antioxidants: An integrative approach. Nutr, 17, 835-838.
  • 10. Miller JK., Slebodzinska EB., 1993. Oxidative stress, antioxidants and animal functions. J Dairy Sci, 76, 2812-2823.
  • 11. Kurtdede E., Pekcan M., Karagül H., 2018. Florun serbest radikaller, reaktif oksijen türleri ve oksidatif stres ile ilişkileri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Vet Bil Derg, 13, 373-379.
  • 12. Li Y., Schellhorn HE., 2007. New developments and novel therapeutic perspectives for vitamin C. J Nutr, 137, 2171-2184.
  • 13. Valko M., Izakovic M., Mazur M., Rhodes CJ., Telser J., 2004. Role of oxygen radicals in DNA damage and cancer incidence. Mol Cell Biochem, 266, 37-56.
  • 14. Moller P., Viscovich M., Lykkesfeldt J., Loft S., Jensen A., Poulsen HE., 2004. Vitamin C supplementation decreases oxidative DNA damage in mononuclear blood cells of smokers. Eur J Nutr, 43, 267-274.
  • 15. Tanumihardjo S., Russel RM., Stephensen CB., Gannon BM., Craft NE., Haskel MJ., Lietz G., Schulze K., Raiten DJ., 2016. Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND) Vitamin A Review, The Journal of Nutrition Supplement: Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND). J Nutr, 146, 1816-1846.
  • 16. Çimen MBY., Çimen ÖB., 2016. Obezite ve D vitamini, Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim Derg, 9, 102-112.
  • 17. Turgut CT., Palancıoğlu A., Yaltırık M., 2018. D vitamini ve diş sağlığındaki önemi. Türkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci, 24, 239-247.
  • 18. Yüksek V., Çetin S., Usta A., Kömüroğlu AU., Dede S., 2017. Effect of some vitamins on antioxidant/prooxidant parameters in sodium fluoride (NaF)-treated cell line (hFOB 1.19). Turkish J Veter Res, 1, 1-6.
  • 19. He LF., Chen JG., 2006. DNA damage, apoptosis and cell cycle changes induced by fluoride in rat oral mucosal cells and hepatocytes. World J Gastroenterol; 12, 1144-1148.
  • 20. Miller KW., Yang CS., 1985. An isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous analysis of plasma retinol, α-tocopherol and various carotenoids. Analytical Biochem, 145, 21-26.
  • 21. Zaspel BJ., Csallany S., 1983. Determination of Alpha-Tocopherol in tissues and plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. Analytical Biochem, 130, 146-150.
  • 22. Reynolds SL., Judd HJ., 1984. Rapid procedure for the determination of Vitamins A and D in fortified skimmed milk powder using high-performance liquid chromatography. Analyst, 109, 489-492.
  • 23. Ergun HS., Russel-Sinn HA., Baysu N., Dündar Y., 1987. Studies on the fluorine content in water and soil, blood urine, bone and teeth of sheep, urine of human in the eastern and western part of Turkey. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr, 94, 416-420.
  • 24. Choubisa SL., 1999. Some observations on endemic fluorosis in domestic animals in Southern Rajasthan (India). Vet Res Com, 23, 457-465.
  • 25. Choi AL., Sun G., Zhang T., Grandjean P., 2012. Developmental fluoride neurotoxicity: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Environ Health Perspect, 120, 1362-1368.
  • 26. Comba B., Çınar A., 2016. Investigation of effects of fluorosis on some minerals and hormones in sheep. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 63, 223-227.
  • 27. Underwood EJ., 1977. Trace elements in human and animal nutrition. 4th ed. New York: Academic Press Inc; pp. 347-63.
  • 28. Wang YN., Xiao KQ., Liu JL., Dallner G., Guan ZZ., 2000. Effect of long-term fluoride exposure on lipid composition in rat liver. Toxicol, 146, 161-169.
  • 29. Chlubek D., 2003. Fluoride and oxidative stress. Fluoride, 36, 217-228.
  • 30. Chlubek D., Zawierta J., Kazmierczyk A., Kramek J., Olszewska M., Stachowska E., 1999. Effect of different fluoride ion concentrations on malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in the mitochondrial fraction of human placental cells. Bromat Chem Toksykol, 32, 119-122.
  • 31. Ekambaram P., Paul V., 2003. Effect of vitamin D on chronic behavioural and dental toxicities of sodium fluoride in rats. Fluoride, 36, 189-197.
  • 32. Vatassery GT., Ophaug RH, Singer L., 1980. The effect of floride intake on the total lipid, cholesterol and vitamin E levels in sera and liver of guinea pigs on high fat diet. Life Sci, 27, 1961-1966.
  • 33. Altuğ N., Arslan S., Yüksek N., Keleş İ., Yörük İH., Başbuğan Y., Aytekin İ., 2013. The levels of trace elements and selected vitamins in goats with chronic fluorosis. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 37, 529-534.
  • 34. Andersen L., Richards A., Care AD., Andersen HMK., Kragstrup J., Fejerskov O., 1986. Parathyroid glands, calcium, and vitamin D in experimental fluorosis in pigs. Calcif Tissue Int, 38, 222-226.
  • 35. Reddy GB., Khandare AL., Reddy PY., Rao GS., Balakrishna N., Srivalli I., 2003. Antioxidant defense system and lipid peroxidation in patients with skeletal fluorosis and fluoride-intoxicated rabbits. Toxicol Sci, 72, 363-368.
  • 36. Bouaziz H., Croute F., Boudawara T., Soleilhavoup JP., Zeghal N., 2007. Oxidative stress induced by fluoride in adult mice and their suckling pups. Exp Toxicol Pathol, 58, 339-349.
  • 37. Yıldırım S., Oto G., Comba B., Ekin S., Çinar A., 2017. An investigation of the protective effects of resveratrol on some biochemical parameters and histopathological findings in experimentally-induced chronic flurosis in rats, Fluoride, 50, 365-373.
  • 38. Yaşar S., Yur F., 2008. Antioxidant vitamin and mineral levels in sheep with fluorosis. Biol Trace Elem Res, 123, 139-143.
  • 39. Bhowmik AD., Shaw P., Mondal P., Chakraborty A., Sudarshan M., Chattopadhyay A., 2020. Calcium and Vitamin D supplementation effectively alleviates dental and skeletal fluorosis and retain elemental homeostasis in mice. Biol Trace Element Res, 199-3035-3044.
  • 40. Sellami M., Riahi H., Maatallah K., Ferjani H., Bouaziz MC., Ladeb MF., 2020. Skeletal fluorosis: don’t miss the diagnosis!. Skeletal Radiol, 49, 345-357.
  • 41. Srivastava S., Flora S., 2020. Fluoride in drinking water and skeletal fluorosis: a review of the global Impact. Curr Envir Health Rpt, 7, 140-146.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ahmet Cihat Öner 0000-0001-6614-4347

Sedat Çetin

İbrahim Yörük

Semiha Dede 0000-0001-5744-6327

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ekim 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Öner, A. C., Çetin, S., Yörük, İ., Dede, S. (2021). Deneysel Florozis Oluşturulmuş Ratlarda Tedavi ve Koruma Amaçlı Vitamin C ve Vitamin E Uygulamasının Serum Vitamin Düzeyleri Üzerine Etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(2), 211-218. https://doi.org/10.17094/ataunivbd.855212
AMA Öner AC, Çetin S, Yörük İ, Dede S. Deneysel Florozis Oluşturulmuş Ratlarda Tedavi ve Koruma Amaçlı Vitamin C ve Vitamin E Uygulamasının Serum Vitamin Düzeyleri Üzerine Etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi. Ekim 2021;16(2):211-218. doi:10.17094/ataunivbd.855212
Chicago Öner, Ahmet Cihat, Sedat Çetin, İbrahim Yörük, ve Semiha Dede. “Deneysel Florozis Oluşturulmuş Ratlarda Tedavi Ve Koruma Amaçlı Vitamin C Ve Vitamin E Uygulamasının Serum Vitamin Düzeyleri Üzerine Etkisi”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi 16, sy. 2 (Ekim 2021): 211-18. https://doi.org/10.17094/ataunivbd.855212.
EndNote Öner AC, Çetin S, Yörük İ, Dede S (01 Ekim 2021) Deneysel Florozis Oluşturulmuş Ratlarda Tedavi ve Koruma Amaçlı Vitamin C ve Vitamin E Uygulamasının Serum Vitamin Düzeyleri Üzerine Etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi 16 2 211–218.
IEEE A. C. Öner, S. Çetin, İ. Yörük, ve S. Dede, “Deneysel Florozis Oluşturulmuş Ratlarda Tedavi ve Koruma Amaçlı Vitamin C ve Vitamin E Uygulamasının Serum Vitamin Düzeyleri Üzerine Etkisi”, Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 16, sy. 2, ss. 211–218, 2021, doi: 10.17094/ataunivbd.855212.
ISNAD Öner, Ahmet Cihat vd. “Deneysel Florozis Oluşturulmuş Ratlarda Tedavi Ve Koruma Amaçlı Vitamin C Ve Vitamin E Uygulamasının Serum Vitamin Düzeyleri Üzerine Etkisi”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi 16/2 (Ekim 2021), 211-218. https://doi.org/10.17094/ataunivbd.855212.
JAMA Öner AC, Çetin S, Yörük İ, Dede S. Deneysel Florozis Oluşturulmuş Ratlarda Tedavi ve Koruma Amaçlı Vitamin C ve Vitamin E Uygulamasının Serum Vitamin Düzeyleri Üzerine Etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021;16:211–218.
MLA Öner, Ahmet Cihat vd. “Deneysel Florozis Oluşturulmuş Ratlarda Tedavi Ve Koruma Amaçlı Vitamin C Ve Vitamin E Uygulamasının Serum Vitamin Düzeyleri Üzerine Etkisi”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 16, sy. 2, 2021, ss. 211-8, doi:10.17094/ataunivbd.855212.
Vancouver Öner AC, Çetin S, Yörük İ, Dede S. Deneysel Florozis Oluşturulmuş Ratlarda Tedavi ve Koruma Amaçlı Vitamin C ve Vitamin E Uygulamasının Serum Vitamin Düzeyleri Üzerine Etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021;16(2):211-8.