Edible Films-Coatings and The Use in Aquaculture

Öz

After the aquatic products have been removed from the aquatic habitat, in the process, it is located in the class of fast-breaking food biochemical changes and microbial deterioration are frequently observed. Various packaging and preservation methods are widely used to extend bacterial, enzymatic and chemical degradation times in aquatic products as well as in other foods. Among these methods, edible films and coatings, which are one of the most recent applications, in addition to sheltering shelf life, shelf life is a product of natural raw materials that can be consumed with renewable (renewable) food with a continuous thin layer formed on the surface of foods. Edible films and coatings are reported in a number of investigations where a plastic (plastic) package can fulfill all the characteristics that it has when it is optimally prepared (as produced). Advantages such as the reduction or inhibition of oil oxidation in edible films and coatings applied (especially in meat products), the addition of vitamins in water, the retention of ions, aroma compounds and pigments in products that stop darkening reactions have recently made these films very popular. In other respects, edible films and coatings, in contrast to plastic packaging, reduce the risk of carcinogenic effects, as well as case of the recycling and elimination of waste problems. Polysaccharides, proteins and lipids; raw materials commonly used in the preparation of edible films and coatings. Due to the different advantages and disadvantages of these components, one or more of them are used together to form various mixtures and composite films. In this way, the film and the coatings have gas, moisture-vapor permeability and adhesion etc. features are being developed. This review is based on a survey of current work that includes basic information on the investigation of the effective role of these applications on aquaculture in order to give general information about edible films and coatings that are commonly used in aquaculture.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aquaculture,edible films and coatings

Yenilebilir Film/Kaplamalar ve Su Ürünleri Perspektifi

Öz

Su ürünleri, sucul yaşam alanından çıkarıldıktan sonra depolama, taşıma vb. süreçlerde biyokimyasal değişikliklerin ve mikrobiyal bozulmaların sıklıkla görüldüğü çabuk bozulan gıdalar sınıfında yer almaktadır. Diğer gıdalarda olduğu gibi su ürünlerinde de bakteriyel, enzimatik ve kimyasal bozulma sürelerinin uzatılması için çeşitli ambalajlama ve muhafaza yöntemleri yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Kullanılan bu yöntemler içerisinde en güncel uygulamalardan birisi olan yenilebilir film ve kaplamalar; gıdaları korumanın yanı sıra raf ömrünün uzatılması adına, gıdaların yüzeyinde oluşturulan sürekli-ince tabakalı, gıdayla birlikte tüketilebilen (yenilebilen), doğal hammaddelerden elde edilen ürünlerdir. Yenilebilir filmler ve kaplamalar optimum şekilde hazırlandığında (üretildiğinde) klasik (plastik) bir ambalajın sahip olabileceği bütün özellikleri yerine getirebileceği bir çok araştırmada bildirilmektedir. Yenilebilir film ve kaplamalar uygulanmış gıdalarda (özellikle et ürünlerinde), yağ oksidasyonunun azalması veya engellenmesi, suya ek olarak vitaminlerin, kararma tepkimelerini durduran iyonların, aroma bileşiklerinin ve pigmentlerin ürünlerin içerisinde kalması gibi avantajlar, son dönemlerde bu filmleri oldukça popüler hale getirmiştir. Diğer bir açıdan yenilebilir film ve kaplamalar, plastik ambalajların aksine kanserojen etki riskini azaltmasının yanı sıra geri dönüşüm kolaylığıyla atık sorununu da ortadan kaldırmaktadır. Polisakkaritler, proteinler ve lipitler; yenilebilir filmlerin ve kaplamaların hazırlanmasında genel olarak kullanılan ham maddelerdir. Bu komponentlerin farklı avantaj ve dezavantajları nedeniyle bunlardan bir ya da birkaçı birlikte kullanılarak çeşitli karışımlar ve kompozit filmler oluşturulmaktadır. Bu şekilde film ve kaplamaların gaz, nem-buhar geçirgenlik ve yapışma vb. özellikleri geliştirilmektedir. Bu derleme, öncelikle su ürünlerinde genel olarak kullanılan yenilebilir film ve kaplamalar hakkında genel bilgi vermek amacıyla bu uygulamaların su ürünleri üzerindeki etkin rollerinin araştırılması adına temel bilgiler içeren güncel çalışmalara başvurularak hazırlanmıştır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Su ürünleri,yenilebilir filmler ve kaplamalar

Kaynakça

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