Genetik Karakterizasyonda Mitokondriyal DNA Kullanımı

Yıl 2007, Cilt: 38 Sayı: 1, 105 - 111, 10.01.2011

Memiş Özdemir , Ünsal Doğru

Öz

Artan dünya nüfusuna bağlı olarak nicelik ve nitelik bakımından besin maddelerine olan talebin giderek artması, yeterli ve
dengeli beslenmenin sağlanmasında çiftlik hayvanlarının önemini daha da artırmakta ve birden fazla verim yönünde
geliştirilmelerini zorunlu kılmaktadır. Hayvanvancılıkta, ekonomik önemi olan karakterler üzerinde yapılan seleksiyon ile ırkın
sahip olduğu genetik varyasyon daralmakta, bu durum ise populasyonda genotipik ilerlemeyi zorlaştırmaktadır. Ayrıca, yerli
ırkların yetiştirildiği bölgelerde üretimi artırmak amacıyla genetik olarak üstün hayvan ırklarının doğrudan yada dolaylı olarak
devreye sokulması, potansiyel önemi olan yerli gen kaynaklarının kaybolma riskini artırmaktadır. Gen kaynaklarının ileride
kullanım durumları için korunmaları gerektiğinden, özgün genetik yapılarının belirlenmesi önem arzetmektedir. Son zamanlarda
genetik varyasyonun belirlenmesi, filogenetik analiz, seleksiyon ve gıdaların orjinlerinin tespiti gibi çeşitli alanlarda kendine özgü
bir çok özelliğe sahip ve moleküler düzeyde tanımlamaya imkan sağlayan mitokondriyal DNA (mtDNA) gibi kalıtım
faktörlerinden geniş biçimde faydalanılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mitokondriyal DNA, Filogeni, Genetik çeşitlilik, Çiftlik hayvanları

Kaynakça

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