ERZURUM ÎLt MERKEZ tî ÇEDE KAMU KURULUŞLARI DESTEĞİYLE YAPİLAN SÜT SIĞIRI AHIRLARININ YAPISAL DURUMU VE GELİŞTİRME OLANAKLARI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Yıl 1989, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 1, - , 02.01.2011

Mustafa Okuroğlu

Öz

ÖZET: Bu çalışma, Erzurum Merkez İlçede Kamu Kuruluşları desteğiyle yapılan süt
sığın ahırlarının barınak içi çevre koşullarım ve ahtrlannyapısal durumlarını belirlemek,
geliştirme olanaklarını saptamak., yörede uygulanabilecek ahır planlarını hazırlamak amacıyla
yapılmıştır. Araştırma amacını gerçekleştirebilmek için yöredeki 21 süt sığm ahin araştırma
materyali olarak alınmıştır.
Araştırma ahırlarının 8'inde sıcaklık, bağıl nem ve havalatıdırma durumlarım belirlemek
amacıyla ölçümler yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda ahırların büyük çoğunluğunun uygun
çevre koşullarım sağlayamadığı ve ahır planlamasında gerekli planlama ilkelerinin yeteri kadar
göz önüne alınmadığı saptanmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar ve yöre koşulları
gözönünde tutularak yörede uygulanabilir nitelikte 10,20 ve 50 başlık duraklı (bağlı) süt sığırı
ahrpjankm bamkam$ar.

A RESEARCH ON THE STRUCTURAL CONDİTİONS AND THE
POSSIBILTTIES FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE DAİRY CATTLE
BARNS CONSTRUCTED WITH THE AİDS OF STATE ORGANISATIONS AT CENTERAL DISTRICT IN ERZURUM PRO VİNCE

SUMMARY

The aim this study is to investigate the existing siructural conditions
and enviromental conditions, to explore the possibilities for the improvemetu of present structures and to design asuggestible plans for the dairy cattle barns at the Centreal District in
Erzurum province. în this study, 21 dairy cattle barns at this district vvere investigated and
inside temperature and relative humidity, aİr velocity vvere measured at 8 of them. The data
about these bams were obtained by the measurements, the shematic dravvings, the surveys and
the observations. For enviromental conditions, thermohygrographs recording weekly changes
of the temperature and the relative humidity vvere uşed. The wind speed and air velocity in the
opennings were measured with anemometer, Thefollovving results were obtained from this
study.
In winter season the average temperatures in barns were between 6.6 - 205 oC. These
temperatures are in the proper range suggested by the workers in this field. The evarage
relative humidities are found between 78-90 %. These values are in the level which could
adversely ajfect the animal healt and yield. Therefore, relative humidity must be controlled by
ventilation and vapor insulation to keep the relative humidity in the safe limits must be used.
The avarage heat conductivity values for the walls, the roofs or ceilings, the doors and
windows are determined. They are between 0,410-2,590 Kcalirrû, oCh, 0,405-0,915 Kcalirrû,
oCh, 2, 780-5,100 Kcalirrû. oCh, and 4^00-6,000 KcaUm2 oCh respectively. These figures
are heigher than the values suggested for the shelters in the cold regions. So the heat
insulations of these barns have to be improved.
For designing purposes, 7oC and l5oC temperatures and 80% relative humidity for the
inside vvere selected. -12 J5 oC and 76% relative humidity for the outdoor vvere taken to make
the necessary ccUculations.
The heat conductivity values should be betvveen 0,289-0,563 Kcal!m2 oCh for the
walls, 0,242-0,538 Kcallm2 oCh for the cailings if the inside temperature is 7oC. For the
inside temperature loC these values are 0,224-0J98 Kcal!m2 oCh, and 0,184-0^64 KcaUm2
oC respectively. At the inside temperature l5oC ali ofthe_$ensible heat generated by cows loses
by ventilation.
The air velocities in the ventilation outlets vvere measured and average ventilation rates
vvere calculated as 5,7-78,4 m3/h per 454 kg body vveight of cattle. The ventilation is
insufficient and moisture condensed in the barns because the outlets and vvindovvs are half
closed during the vvinter and completely closed in the cold days. It iş determined that to
maintain a suitdble environment in the barns the ventilation rate in vvinter should be 85 m3f76 m3/h and 65 m3/h per 454 kg body weighîfor the inside temperature 7oC, lOoC and 15oC
respectively,
The total area of the cutlets are between 0,04-1.80 m2 and the fresh air enters through
the windows of the barns. The total area of the openings and the ratio between them are not
proper. The area of the outlets should be between 027-1,16 m2 for 7oC, 022-0,93 m2 for
lOoC and 0,17-0,74 m2 for 15oC in winter; for inlets these values should be 020-0,85 m2,
0,16-0,68 rrû and 0,12-0,54 m2 respectively.
In spring and autumn the ventilation rates should be between 207,7-232,5 m3/h per 454
kg body weight. In these seasons the area of the outlets and inlets should be betvveen 1.19-5,19
m2 and 0,89-3,88 m2 respectively.
ifa mechanical ventilation is desired there is a need for four fans having changable
speeâs and capacities 850-3900 m3!h.
The lighting is accomplished naturally and artifıcally. The ratio of the windows area to
floor area are between 2,0-6,5% and artifıcial lighting density are betvveen 021-226 W/m2.
The ratio of the vvindovvs area to floor area in the dairy barns should be 3,5-4% for cold
regions.
The barns investigated are s tali barns and 9,5% of them are one row and 90,5% of
them are two rows. The wide, long and high of the barns are between 420-8,40 m,
9,70-28,60 m, and 2,50-425 m respectively. The inner volume is between 7,75-21,06 m3 per
454 kg body vveight cattle.
The dairy barns were built by the different materials. 66,7% of them were built by
masondry, 23,8% by bricks, 9J% bricks and cinder-concrete blocks. The floor is concrete in
ali of the barns. The interior side of the walls'has plaster in the 85,7% of the barns and the
exterior side of the walls are plastered in the 66,7% of them, there is no plaster on the vvalls in
the 4,8% of them. The windows are single glass. İt is advisable that bricks. Cinder-concrete
block and light concrete block should be used and the windows should bu double glassed.
The roofs of the barns are gable type in the 85,7% shed-type in the 14,3%. Corrugated
plates are used as a roofcovering material. The ridge height of the roofs are between 1,40-2,80
m. 71,4% of the barns have a ceiling. It is advisable to build a ceiling to help heat balance.
The dairy cattle stall barns plans for 10,20 and 50 cattle are preparedfor this region and given in the fıgures l, 2 and 3.

Anahtar Kelimeler

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