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United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Their Social Dimensions

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 6, 531 - 541, 26.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18030476

Öz

The purpose of this study is to examine the social dimensions of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and to assess their impact on welfare, equality, and social inclusion at global and regional levels. Employing a combination of descriptive and comparative analysis, the study integrates key economic frameworks—namely the extended Solow–Swan model and the Human Development–Economic Nexus Model—to explain the interaction between social and economic variables within the SDG framework. The analysis is based on 2022–2023 data obtained from major international institutions, including the United Nations, World Bank, World Health Organization, UNESCO, FAO, International Energy Agency, and International Labour Organization. Progress is evaluated using widely recognized indicators such as the Human Development Index (HDI), Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), and Gender Inequality Index (GII). The findings indicate that sustainable growth depends not only on physical capital accumulation but also on sustained investments in human and social capital, which enhance productivity, resilience, and equity. The study contributes to policy discussions by offering a quantitative basis for social investment strategies and inclusive economic planning.

Kaynakça

  • Alkire, S., & Foster, J. (2011). Counting and multidimensional poverty measurement. Journal of Public Economics, 95(7–8), 476–487.
  • Anh, M. L., & Cope, M. R. (2023). New conceptual model of social sustainability: Review from past concepts and ideas. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(7), 5350. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075350
  • Barro, R. J. (1991). Economic growth in a cross section of countries. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(2), 407–443.
  • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2023). Global food security report 2023. Author.
  • International Energy Agency. (2023). World energy outlook 2023. Author.
  • International Labour Organization. (2023). World employment and social outlook 2023. Author.
  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2023). Climate change 2023: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. IPCC.
  • Mankiw, N. G., Romer, D., & Weil, D. N. (1992). A contribution to the empirics of economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(2), 407–437.
  • Sen, A. (1999). Development as freedom. Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Solow, R. M. (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1), 65–94.
  • UN-Habitat. (2023). World cities report 2023: The value of sustainable urbanization. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. https://unhabitat.org
  • United Nations. (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. Author.
  • United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2023). Technology and innovation report 2023. Author.
  • United Nations Development Programme. (2022). Human development report 2022. Author.
  • United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2022). Global education monitoring report 2022. Author.
  • United Nations Development Programme. (2023). Human development report 2023: Human Development Index (HDI) by region. https://hdr.undp.org
  • United Nations Human Settlements Programme. (2023). World cities report 2023. Author.
  • World Bank. (2023). Poverty and shared prosperity 2023. Author.
  • World Economic Forum. (2023). Global gender gap report 2023. Author.
  • World Health Organization. (2023). World health statistics 2023. Author.
  • World Health Organization, & UNICEF. (2023). Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2023. Author.

Birleşmiş Milletler Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları (SKA’lar) ve Sosyal Boyutları

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 6, 531 - 541, 26.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18030476

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Birleşmiş Milletler Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçlarının (SKA’lar) sosyal boyutlarını incelemek ve bu amaçların refah, eşitlik ve toplumsal kapsayıcılık üzerindeki etkilerini küresel ve bölgesel düzeylerde değerlendirmektir. Çalışma, betimleyici ve karşılaştırmalı analiz yöntemlerinin bir arada kullanılmasıyla, SKA çerçevesinde sosyal ve ekonomik değişkenler arasındaki etkileşimi açıklamak amacıyla genişletilmiş Solow–Swan modeli ile İnsanî Gelişme–Ekonomik Bağlantı Modelini bütünleştirmektedir. Analiz, Birleşmiş Milletler, Dünya Bankası, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü, UNESCO, FAO, Uluslararası Enerji Ajansı ve Uluslararası Çalışma Örgütü tarafından yayımlanan 2022–2023 dönemine ait veriler temelinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. İlerleme düzeyi; İnsanî Gelişme Endeksi (HDI), Çok Boyutlu Yoksulluk Endeksi (MPI) ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitsizliği Endeksi (GII) gibi yaygın olarak kabul gören göstergeler aracılığıyla ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen bulgular, sürdürülebilir büyümenin yalnızca fiziksel sermaye birikimine değil, aynı zamanda üretkenliği, dayanıklılığı ve eşitliği güçlendiren insanî ve sosyal sermaye yatırımlarına dayandığını ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma, sosyal yatırım stratejileri ile kapsayıcı ekonomik planlamaya yönelik nicel bir temel sunarak politika tartışmalarına katkıda bulunmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Alkire, S., & Foster, J. (2011). Counting and multidimensional poverty measurement. Journal of Public Economics, 95(7–8), 476–487.
  • Anh, M. L., & Cope, M. R. (2023). New conceptual model of social sustainability: Review from past concepts and ideas. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(7), 5350. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075350
  • Barro, R. J. (1991). Economic growth in a cross section of countries. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(2), 407–443.
  • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2023). Global food security report 2023. Author.
  • International Energy Agency. (2023). World energy outlook 2023. Author.
  • International Labour Organization. (2023). World employment and social outlook 2023. Author.
  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2023). Climate change 2023: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. IPCC.
  • Mankiw, N. G., Romer, D., & Weil, D. N. (1992). A contribution to the empirics of economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(2), 407–437.
  • Sen, A. (1999). Development as freedom. Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Solow, R. M. (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1), 65–94.
  • UN-Habitat. (2023). World cities report 2023: The value of sustainable urbanization. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. https://unhabitat.org
  • United Nations. (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. Author.
  • United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2023). Technology and innovation report 2023. Author.
  • United Nations Development Programme. (2022). Human development report 2022. Author.
  • United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2022). Global education monitoring report 2022. Author.
  • United Nations Development Programme. (2023). Human development report 2023: Human Development Index (HDI) by region. https://hdr.undp.org
  • United Nations Human Settlements Programme. (2023). World cities report 2023. Author.
  • World Bank. (2023). Poverty and shared prosperity 2023. Author.
  • World Economic Forum. (2023). Global gender gap report 2023. Author.
  • World Health Organization. (2023). World health statistics 2023. Author.
  • World Health Organization, & UNICEF. (2023). Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2023. Author.

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 6, 531 - 541, 26.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18030476

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Alkire, S., & Foster, J. (2011). Counting and multidimensional poverty measurement. Journal of Public Economics, 95(7–8), 476–487.
  • Anh, M. L., & Cope, M. R. (2023). New conceptual model of social sustainability: Review from past concepts and ideas. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(7), 5350. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075350
  • Barro, R. J. (1991). Economic growth in a cross section of countries. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(2), 407–443.
  • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2023). Global food security report 2023. Author.
  • International Energy Agency. (2023). World energy outlook 2023. Author.
  • International Labour Organization. (2023). World employment and social outlook 2023. Author.
  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2023). Climate change 2023: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. IPCC.
  • Mankiw, N. G., Romer, D., & Weil, D. N. (1992). A contribution to the empirics of economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(2), 407–437.
  • Sen, A. (1999). Development as freedom. Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Solow, R. M. (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1), 65–94.
  • UN-Habitat. (2023). World cities report 2023: The value of sustainable urbanization. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. https://unhabitat.org
  • United Nations. (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. Author.
  • United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2023). Technology and innovation report 2023. Author.
  • United Nations Development Programme. (2022). Human development report 2022. Author.
  • United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2022). Global education monitoring report 2022. Author.
  • United Nations Development Programme. (2023). Human development report 2023: Human Development Index (HDI) by region. https://hdr.undp.org
  • United Nations Human Settlements Programme. (2023). World cities report 2023. Author.
  • World Bank. (2023). Poverty and shared prosperity 2023. Author.
  • World Economic Forum. (2023). Global gender gap report 2023. Author.
  • World Health Organization. (2023). World health statistics 2023. Author.
  • World Health Organization, & UNICEF. (2023). Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2023. Author.

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 6, 531 - 541, 26.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18030476

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Alkire, S., & Foster, J. (2011). Counting and multidimensional poverty measurement. Journal of Public Economics, 95(7–8), 476–487.
  • Anh, M. L., & Cope, M. R. (2023). New conceptual model of social sustainability: Review from past concepts and ideas. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(7), 5350. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075350
  • Barro, R. J. (1991). Economic growth in a cross section of countries. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(2), 407–443.
  • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2023). Global food security report 2023. Author.
  • International Energy Agency. (2023). World energy outlook 2023. Author.
  • International Labour Organization. (2023). World employment and social outlook 2023. Author.
  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2023). Climate change 2023: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. IPCC.
  • Mankiw, N. G., Romer, D., & Weil, D. N. (1992). A contribution to the empirics of economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(2), 407–437.
  • Sen, A. (1999). Development as freedom. Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Solow, R. M. (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1), 65–94.
  • UN-Habitat. (2023). World cities report 2023: The value of sustainable urbanization. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. https://unhabitat.org
  • United Nations. (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. Author.
  • United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2023). Technology and innovation report 2023. Author.
  • United Nations Development Programme. (2022). Human development report 2022. Author.
  • United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2022). Global education monitoring report 2022. Author.
  • United Nations Development Programme. (2023). Human development report 2023: Human Development Index (HDI) by region. https://hdr.undp.org
  • United Nations Human Settlements Programme. (2023). World cities report 2023. Author.
  • World Bank. (2023). Poverty and shared prosperity 2023. Author.
  • World Economic Forum. (2023). Global gender gap report 2023. Author.
  • World Health Organization. (2023). World health statistics 2023. Author.
  • World Health Organization, & UNICEF. (2023). Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2023. Author.

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 6, 531 - 541, 26.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18030476

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Alkire, S., & Foster, J. (2011). Counting and multidimensional poverty measurement. Journal of Public Economics, 95(7–8), 476–487.
  • Anh, M. L., & Cope, M. R. (2023). New conceptual model of social sustainability: Review from past concepts and ideas. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(7), 5350. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075350
  • Barro, R. J. (1991). Economic growth in a cross section of countries. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(2), 407–443.
  • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2023). Global food security report 2023. Author.
  • International Energy Agency. (2023). World energy outlook 2023. Author.
  • International Labour Organization. (2023). World employment and social outlook 2023. Author.
  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2023). Climate change 2023: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. IPCC.
  • Mankiw, N. G., Romer, D., & Weil, D. N. (1992). A contribution to the empirics of economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(2), 407–437.
  • Sen, A. (1999). Development as freedom. Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Solow, R. M. (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1), 65–94.
  • UN-Habitat. (2023). World cities report 2023: The value of sustainable urbanization. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. https://unhabitat.org
  • United Nations. (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. Author.
  • United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2023). Technology and innovation report 2023. Author.
  • United Nations Development Programme. (2022). Human development report 2022. Author.
  • United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2022). Global education monitoring report 2022. Author.
  • United Nations Development Programme. (2023). Human development report 2023: Human Development Index (HDI) by region. https://hdr.undp.org
  • United Nations Human Settlements Programme. (2023). World cities report 2023. Author.
  • World Bank. (2023). Poverty and shared prosperity 2023. Author.
  • World Economic Forum. (2023). Global gender gap report 2023. Author.
  • World Health Organization. (2023). World health statistics 2023. Author.
  • World Health Organization, & UNICEF. (2023). Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2023. Author.

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 6, 531 - 541, 26.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18030476

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Alkire, S., & Foster, J. (2011). Counting and multidimensional poverty measurement. Journal of Public Economics, 95(7–8), 476–487.
  • Anh, M. L., & Cope, M. R. (2023). New conceptual model of social sustainability: Review from past concepts and ideas. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(7), 5350. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075350
  • Barro, R. J. (1991). Economic growth in a cross section of countries. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(2), 407–443.
  • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2023). Global food security report 2023. Author.
  • International Energy Agency. (2023). World energy outlook 2023. Author.
  • International Labour Organization. (2023). World employment and social outlook 2023. Author.
  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2023). Climate change 2023: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. IPCC.
  • Mankiw, N. G., Romer, D., & Weil, D. N. (1992). A contribution to the empirics of economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(2), 407–437.
  • Sen, A. (1999). Development as freedom. Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Solow, R. M. (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1), 65–94.
  • UN-Habitat. (2023). World cities report 2023: The value of sustainable urbanization. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. https://unhabitat.org
  • United Nations. (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. Author.
  • United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2023). Technology and innovation report 2023. Author.
  • United Nations Development Programme. (2022). Human development report 2022. Author.
  • United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2022). Global education monitoring report 2022. Author.
  • United Nations Development Programme. (2023). Human development report 2023: Human Development Index (HDI) by region. https://hdr.undp.org
  • United Nations Human Settlements Programme. (2023). World cities report 2023. Author.
  • World Bank. (2023). Poverty and shared prosperity 2023. Author.
  • World Economic Forum. (2023). Global gender gap report 2023. Author.
  • World Health Organization. (2023). World health statistics 2023. Author.
  • World Health Organization, & UNICEF. (2023). Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2023. Author.

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 6, 531 - 541, 26.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18030476

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Alkire, S., & Foster, J. (2011). Counting and multidimensional poverty measurement. Journal of Public Economics, 95(7–8), 476–487.
  • Anh, M. L., & Cope, M. R. (2023). New conceptual model of social sustainability: Review from past concepts and ideas. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(7), 5350. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075350
  • Barro, R. J. (1991). Economic growth in a cross section of countries. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(2), 407–443.
  • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2023). Global food security report 2023. Author.
  • International Energy Agency. (2023). World energy outlook 2023. Author.
  • International Labour Organization. (2023). World employment and social outlook 2023. Author.
  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2023). Climate change 2023: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. IPCC.
  • Mankiw, N. G., Romer, D., & Weil, D. N. (1992). A contribution to the empirics of economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(2), 407–437.
  • Sen, A. (1999). Development as freedom. Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Solow, R. M. (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1), 65–94.
  • UN-Habitat. (2023). World cities report 2023: The value of sustainable urbanization. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. https://unhabitat.org
  • United Nations. (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. Author.
  • United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2023). Technology and innovation report 2023. Author.
  • United Nations Development Programme. (2022). Human development report 2022. Author.
  • United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2022). Global education monitoring report 2022. Author.
  • United Nations Development Programme. (2023). Human development report 2023: Human Development Index (HDI) by region. https://hdr.undp.org
  • United Nations Human Settlements Programme. (2023). World cities report 2023. Author.
  • World Bank. (2023). Poverty and shared prosperity 2023. Author.
  • World Economic Forum. (2023). Global gender gap report 2023. Author.
  • World Health Organization. (2023). World health statistics 2023. Author.
  • World Health Organization, & UNICEF. (2023). Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2023. Author.

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 6, 531 - 541, 26.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18030476

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Alkire, S., & Foster, J. (2011). Counting and multidimensional poverty measurement. Journal of Public Economics, 95(7–8), 476–487.
  • Anh, M. L., & Cope, M. R. (2023). New conceptual model of social sustainability: Review from past concepts and ideas. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(7), 5350. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075350
  • Barro, R. J. (1991). Economic growth in a cross section of countries. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(2), 407–443.
  • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2023). Global food security report 2023. Author.
  • International Energy Agency. (2023). World energy outlook 2023. Author.
  • International Labour Organization. (2023). World employment and social outlook 2023. Author.
  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2023). Climate change 2023: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. IPCC.
  • Mankiw, N. G., Romer, D., & Weil, D. N. (1992). A contribution to the empirics of economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(2), 407–437.
  • Sen, A. (1999). Development as freedom. Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Solow, R. M. (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1), 65–94.
  • UN-Habitat. (2023). World cities report 2023: The value of sustainable urbanization. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. https://unhabitat.org
  • United Nations. (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. Author.
  • United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2023). Technology and innovation report 2023. Author.
  • United Nations Development Programme. (2022). Human development report 2022. Author.
  • United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2022). Global education monitoring report 2022. Author.
  • United Nations Development Programme. (2023). Human development report 2023: Human Development Index (HDI) by region. https://hdr.undp.org
  • United Nations Human Settlements Programme. (2023). World cities report 2023. Author.
  • World Bank. (2023). Poverty and shared prosperity 2023. Author.
  • World Economic Forum. (2023). Global gender gap report 2023. Author.
  • World Health Organization. (2023). World health statistics 2023. Author.
  • World Health Organization, & UNICEF. (2023). Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2023. Author.
Toplam 21 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ekonomik Modeller ve Öngörü
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Elvin Aliyev Bu kişi benim 0009-0008-3153-2049

Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Eylül 2025
Kabul Tarihi 10 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 6

Kaynak Göster

APA Aliyev, E. (2025). United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Their Social Dimensions. Akademik Tarih ve Düşünce Dergisi, 12(6), 531-541. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18030476

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