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Liberal Beynəlxalq Nizamın Böhranına Səbəb Olan Amillər

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 5, 71 - 78
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17220679

Öz

1990-cı illərdə formalaşan liberal beynəlxalq nizam hazırda dərin və çoxşaxəli böhran mərhələsindədir. O dövrdə beynəlxalq sistemin təkqütblü xarakteri, ABŞ-ın misilsiz hərbi-iqtisadi üstünlüyü və liberal-demokratik siyasi quruluşu bu nizamın liberal prinsiplərə əsaslanmasına şərait yaratmışdı. Lakin son onilliklərdə bir sıra daxili və xarici amillər həmin prinsipləri ciddi şəkildə sarsıtmışdır. Xarici amillərə ABŞ-ın zorakı demokratikləşdirmə cəhdlərinin uğursuzluğu, Çin və Rusiyanın böyük güc statusunu bərpa edərək yeni geosiyasi qütb formalaşdırması, eləcə də iqtisadi qloballaşmanın Qərb iqtisadiyyatlarında yaratdığı struktur problemlər daxildir. Daxili amillər isə qlobal maliyyə böhranları, sosial bərabərsizlik, siyasi elitalarla vətəndaşlar arasındakı uçurum və nəticədə sağçı-populist hərəkatların güclənməsi ilə xarakterizə olunur. Bu məqalə liberal beynəlxalq nizamın davamlılığını sual altına alan həmin daxili və xarici faktorları təhlil edir və müasir beynəlxalq münasibətlər sistemində yeni güc balansının formalaşma meyillərini araşdırır.

Kaynakça

  • Desch, M. C. (2008). America’s liberal illiberalism: The ideological origins of overreaction in U.S. foreign policy. International Security, 32(3), 7–43. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec.2008.32.3.7
  • Ikenberry, G. J. (2018). The end of liberal international order? International Affairs, 94(1), 7–23. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iix241
  • Ikenberry, G. J. (2020). A world safe for democracy. Yale University Press.
  • Jahn, B. (2007). The tragedy of liberal diplomacy: Democratization, intervention, statebuilding (Part II). Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 1(2), 211–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/17502970701302730
  • Kroenig, M. (2020). The return of great power rivalry. Oxford University Press.
  • Lind, J. (2024). Back to bipolarity: How China’s rise transformed the balance of power. International Security, 49(2), 7–55. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00470
  • Mearsheimer, J. J. (2018). The great delusion: Liberal dreams and international realities. Yale University Press.
  • Mearsheimer, J. J. (2019). Bound to fail: The rise and fall of the liberal international order. International Security, 43(4), 7–50. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00342
  • Niblett, R. (2016, December 12). Liberalism in retreat. Foreign Affairs. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2016-12-12/liberalism-retreat
  • Statista. (2022). Annual unemployment rate for the countries of the Group of Seven (G7) during and after the Great Recession from 2007 to 2011 [Data set]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/233577/

Factors Contributing to the Crisis of the Liberal International Order

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 5, 71 - 78
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17220679

Öz

The liberal international order that emerged in the 1990s is currently experiencing a deep and multifaceted crisis. At that time, the unipolar character of the international system, the unparalleled military and economic superiority of the United States, and its liberal-democratic political structure created favourable conditions for the order to be based on liberal principles. However, in recent decades a number of internal and external factors have seriously undermined these principles. External factors include the failure of U.S. attempts at coercive democratization, the restoration of great-power status by China and Russia leading to the emergence of a new geopolitical pole, and the structural challenges posed to Western economies by economic globalization. Internal factors are characterised by global financial crises, deepening social inequality, the widening gap between political elites and citizens, and the consequent rise of right-wing populist movements. This article analyses these internal and external factors that call into question the sustainability of the liberal international order and explores the tendencies toward the formation of a new balance of power in contemporary international relations.

Kaynakça

  • Desch, M. C. (2008). America’s liberal illiberalism: The ideological origins of overreaction in U.S. foreign policy. International Security, 32(3), 7–43. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec.2008.32.3.7
  • Ikenberry, G. J. (2018). The end of liberal international order? International Affairs, 94(1), 7–23. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iix241
  • Ikenberry, G. J. (2020). A world safe for democracy. Yale University Press.
  • Jahn, B. (2007). The tragedy of liberal diplomacy: Democratization, intervention, statebuilding (Part II). Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 1(2), 211–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/17502970701302730
  • Kroenig, M. (2020). The return of great power rivalry. Oxford University Press.
  • Lind, J. (2024). Back to bipolarity: How China’s rise transformed the balance of power. International Security, 49(2), 7–55. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00470
  • Mearsheimer, J. J. (2018). The great delusion: Liberal dreams and international realities. Yale University Press.
  • Mearsheimer, J. J. (2019). Bound to fail: The rise and fall of the liberal international order. International Security, 43(4), 7–50. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00342
  • Niblett, R. (2016, December 12). Liberalism in retreat. Foreign Affairs. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2016-12-12/liberalism-retreat
  • Statista. (2022). Annual unemployment rate for the countries of the Group of Seven (G7) during and after the Great Recession from 2007 to 2011 [Data set]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/233577/

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 5, 71 - 78
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17220679

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Desch, M. C. (2008). America’s liberal illiberalism: The ideological origins of overreaction in U.S. foreign policy. International Security, 32(3), 7–43. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec.2008.32.3.7
  • Ikenberry, G. J. (2018). The end of liberal international order? International Affairs, 94(1), 7–23. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iix241
  • Ikenberry, G. J. (2020). A world safe for democracy. Yale University Press.
  • Jahn, B. (2007). The tragedy of liberal diplomacy: Democratization, intervention, statebuilding (Part II). Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 1(2), 211–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/17502970701302730
  • Kroenig, M. (2020). The return of great power rivalry. Oxford University Press.
  • Lind, J. (2024). Back to bipolarity: How China’s rise transformed the balance of power. International Security, 49(2), 7–55. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00470
  • Mearsheimer, J. J. (2018). The great delusion: Liberal dreams and international realities. Yale University Press.
  • Mearsheimer, J. J. (2019). Bound to fail: The rise and fall of the liberal international order. International Security, 43(4), 7–50. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00342
  • Niblett, R. (2016, December 12). Liberalism in retreat. Foreign Affairs. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2016-12-12/liberalism-retreat
  • Statista. (2022). Annual unemployment rate for the countries of the Group of Seven (G7) during and after the Great Recession from 2007 to 2011 [Data set]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/233577/

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 5, 71 - 78
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17220679

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Desch, M. C. (2008). America’s liberal illiberalism: The ideological origins of overreaction in U.S. foreign policy. International Security, 32(3), 7–43. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec.2008.32.3.7
  • Ikenberry, G. J. (2018). The end of liberal international order? International Affairs, 94(1), 7–23. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iix241
  • Ikenberry, G. J. (2020). A world safe for democracy. Yale University Press.
  • Jahn, B. (2007). The tragedy of liberal diplomacy: Democratization, intervention, statebuilding (Part II). Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 1(2), 211–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/17502970701302730
  • Kroenig, M. (2020). The return of great power rivalry. Oxford University Press.
  • Lind, J. (2024). Back to bipolarity: How China’s rise transformed the balance of power. International Security, 49(2), 7–55. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00470
  • Mearsheimer, J. J. (2018). The great delusion: Liberal dreams and international realities. Yale University Press.
  • Mearsheimer, J. J. (2019). Bound to fail: The rise and fall of the liberal international order. International Security, 43(4), 7–50. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00342
  • Niblett, R. (2016, December 12). Liberalism in retreat. Foreign Affairs. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2016-12-12/liberalism-retreat
  • Statista. (2022). Annual unemployment rate for the countries of the Group of Seven (G7) during and after the Great Recession from 2007 to 2011 [Data set]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/233577/

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 5, 71 - 78
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17220679

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Desch, M. C. (2008). America’s liberal illiberalism: The ideological origins of overreaction in U.S. foreign policy. International Security, 32(3), 7–43. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec.2008.32.3.7
  • Ikenberry, G. J. (2018). The end of liberal international order? International Affairs, 94(1), 7–23. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iix241
  • Ikenberry, G. J. (2020). A world safe for democracy. Yale University Press.
  • Jahn, B. (2007). The tragedy of liberal diplomacy: Democratization, intervention, statebuilding (Part II). Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 1(2), 211–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/17502970701302730
  • Kroenig, M. (2020). The return of great power rivalry. Oxford University Press.
  • Lind, J. (2024). Back to bipolarity: How China’s rise transformed the balance of power. International Security, 49(2), 7–55. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00470
  • Mearsheimer, J. J. (2018). The great delusion: Liberal dreams and international realities. Yale University Press.
  • Mearsheimer, J. J. (2019). Bound to fail: The rise and fall of the liberal international order. International Security, 43(4), 7–50. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00342
  • Niblett, R. (2016, December 12). Liberalism in retreat. Foreign Affairs. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2016-12-12/liberalism-retreat
  • Statista. (2022). Annual unemployment rate for the countries of the Group of Seven (G7) during and after the Great Recession from 2007 to 2011 [Data set]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/233577/

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 5, 71 - 78
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17220679

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Desch, M. C. (2008). America’s liberal illiberalism: The ideological origins of overreaction in U.S. foreign policy. International Security, 32(3), 7–43. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec.2008.32.3.7
  • Ikenberry, G. J. (2018). The end of liberal international order? International Affairs, 94(1), 7–23. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iix241
  • Ikenberry, G. J. (2020). A world safe for democracy. Yale University Press.
  • Jahn, B. (2007). The tragedy of liberal diplomacy: Democratization, intervention, statebuilding (Part II). Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 1(2), 211–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/17502970701302730
  • Kroenig, M. (2020). The return of great power rivalry. Oxford University Press.
  • Lind, J. (2024). Back to bipolarity: How China’s rise transformed the balance of power. International Security, 49(2), 7–55. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00470
  • Mearsheimer, J. J. (2018). The great delusion: Liberal dreams and international realities. Yale University Press.
  • Mearsheimer, J. J. (2019). Bound to fail: The rise and fall of the liberal international order. International Security, 43(4), 7–50. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00342
  • Niblett, R. (2016, December 12). Liberalism in retreat. Foreign Affairs. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2016-12-12/liberalism-retreat
  • Statista. (2022). Annual unemployment rate for the countries of the Group of Seven (G7) during and after the Great Recession from 2007 to 2011 [Data set]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/233577/
Toplam 10 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Maliye Politikası
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Rafiq İbrahimov 0009-0007-4411-2169

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 26 Eylül 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 3 Ekim 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Ağustos 2025
Kabul Tarihi 26 Eylül 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 5

Kaynak Göster

APA İbrahimov, R. (2025). Liberal Beynəlxalq Nizamın Böhranına Səbəb Olan Amillər. Akademik Tarih ve Düşünce Dergisi, 12(5), 71-78. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17220679

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