MikroRNA Polimorfizmleri ve Kanser

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 1 - 18, 01.04.2018

Ahu Soyocak

Öz

MikroRNA’lar (miRNA’lar) gen ekspresyon yolaklarını düzenleyerek biyolojik süreçte önemli
bir rol oynamaktadır. miRNA’ların işlevini yerine getirememesi kronik hastalıklardan kansere
kadar birçok patolojik gelişmeye yol açmaktadır. Son zamanlarda yapılan araştırmalar, bu
patolojik gelişmelere miRNA dizilerinde tanımlanan tek nükleotid polimorfizmlerinin (SNP)
yol açabileceğini ileri sürmektedir. miRNA’lar ile ilişkili SNP’lerin (miRSNP) genel etki
mekanizmalarının farklı olması, bu miRSNP’lerin biyolojik etkilerinin ve hastalık patogenezine
olan katkılarının anlaşılmasını zorlaştırmaktadır. Bununla birlikte bu polimorfik varyasyonların
kanser gibi hastalıklardaki rollerinin belirlenmesi, hastalığın tanı ve tedavisine yol gösterici
olması beklenmektedir. Bu derlemede, miRSNP’lerin miRNA biyogenezini, işlevini ve
hedef genini nasıl etkilediği ile çeşitli kanser türlerinin patogenezinde nasıl rol oynadığı
özetlenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

mikroRNA, miRNA, tek nükleotid polimorfizmleri, miRSNP, kanser

MicroRNA Polymorphisms and Cancer

Öz

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the biological process by regulating gene
expression pathways. Dysfunction of the miRNAs can lead to many pathological developments
from chronic diseases to cancer. Recent research suggests that these pathological developments
may lead to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in miRNA sequences. The
difference in general effect mechanisms of miRNAs-associated SNPs (miRSNPs) makes it hard
to comprehend the biological effects and potential contribution to disease pathogenesis of these
miRSNPs. Yet, it is expected that the determination of the role these polymorphic variations
play on diseases such as cancer, will be a guiding light on the diagnosis and treatment of these
diseases. In this review, how miRNA NPs affect miRNA biogenesis, the function and target gene
and what role it plays in the pathogenesis of various types of cancer are summarized.

Anahtar Kelimeler

microRNA, miRNA, single nucleotid polymorphisms, miRSNP, cancer

Kaynakça

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