Araştırma Makalesi
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Akarsu Koridorlarında Akustik Konforun Değerlendirilmesinde İşitsel Peyzajın Rolü, Ayvalı Dere Örneği

Yıl 2022, , 27 - 43, 25.02.2022
https://doi.org/10.53353/atrss.1055255

Öz

Akarsu koridorları, kentin gürültülü ve stresli ortamından kentlileri uzaklaştırarak huzur ile dinlenmelerini sağlayan rekreasyonel hizmetler sunmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu mekanlardaki gürültü kaynaklarının belirlenmesi ve daha sonra doğal/yapay çözümler sunulması işitsel peyzajın amaçlarından biridir. Çalışma kapsamında Bursa’nın Nilüfer ilçesinden geçen kent, sanayi ve tarım baskısı altında olan Ayvalı Dere ve çevresi ele alınmış ve kentin rahatsız edici ve istenmeyen sesleri uzaklaştıran ve doğal seslere odaklanmayı sağlayan tasarım ve mühendislik hizmetlerinin önerilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaca ulaşmak için işitsel peyzajı ile ilgili Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de gerçekleşmiş olan araştırmalar ve projeler irdelenmiştir ve birbirleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, gürültüyü filtreleyen ve istenilen seslere vurgu sağlayan çözümler üreten ve fiziksel, fizyolojik ve sosyolojik etkileşim sağlayan akustik konfor kriterleri incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda çalışma alanı çevresinde su, ses duvarı, bitki materyali, kentsel donatı kullanımları önerilmiştir. Böylece tarım, yerleşim ve sanayi alanından geçen ve kentliye doğal bir ortam sağlayan Ayvalı Dere ve çevresinde işitsel peyzaj kavramı kapsamında su çevresinde akustik konfor sağlayan çözüm önerileri geliştirilmiştir Bunun için seslerin analizinde gürültü ölçüm aracı olan OKTAVA 110A-PRO ile kalibre edilmiş olan “dB meter lite” adlı ses ölçümü yapan telefon uygulamasından yararlanılmıştır.

Destekleyen Kurum

Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projesi

Proje Numarası

211N023

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma Bursa Teknik Üniversitesinde yürütülen 211N023 numaralı Bilimsel Araştırma Projesi kapsamında üretilmiştir. Desteklerinden dolayı Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi, Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimine teşekkür ederiz. Makalede ulusal ve uluslararası araştırma ve yayın etiğine uyulmuştur. Çalışmada etik kurul izni gerekmemiştir

Kaynakça

  • Ağaçsapan, B., ve Çabuk, A. (2019). Sustainable Aviation: GIS For Airport. GSI Journals Serie B: Advancements in Business and Economics, 2(1).
  • Archello. (2021). Highway Noise Barrier. Erişim Adresi (02.12.2021): https://archello.com/project/highway-noise-barrier
  • Architects, H. L. (2016). Land Art Park Buitenschot (Amsterdam): Un parque para la reducción de la contaminación acústica. Planur-e: territorio, urbanismo, paisaje, sostenibilidad y diseño urbano, (8): 17.
  • Armato, F. (2017). Pocket park: Product urban design. The Design Journal, 20(sup1): 1869-S1878.
  • Aslan, F., Mustan Dönmez, B. ve Yılmaz, B. (2014). Görsel ve işitsel sanatların doğa ile olan köprüsü: Peyzaj mimarlığı. İnönü Üniversitesi Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi. (2014). Cilt:4, Sayı:9, 99-106.
  • Bao, Z., ve Lu, W. (2021). A decision-support framework for planning construction waste recycling: A case study of Shenzhen, China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 309: 127449.
  • Bayraktar, Ş. (2006). İzmit kent merkezinin gürültü kirliliği (Master's thesis, Kocaeli Universitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitusu).
  • Bayramoğlu, E. , Özdemir, B. ve Demirel, Ö. (2014). Gürültü Kirliliğinin Kent Parklarına Etkisi Ve Çözüm Önerileri: Trabzon Kenti Örneği. İnönü Üniversitesi Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi, 4 (9), 35-42.
  • Berkers, M. (2016). Transforming the Green. Technical and cultural fusion:: The Buitenschot Park in Amsterdam. Topos: European landscape magazine, (97), 90.
  • Brown, A. L. (2011). Advancing the concepts of soundscapes and soundscape planning. In Proceedings of the Conference of the Australian Acoustical Society. Pp. 1-11.
  • Cerwén, G. (2018). On the Intersection Between Speaker Installations and Urban Environments. Multi-Objective Optimization of Industrial Power Generation Systems; IGI Global: Hershey, PA, USA, 23-45.
  • Cerwén, G., ve Mossberg, F. (2019). Implementation of quiet areas in Sweden. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(1), 134.
  • Chiesura, A. (2004). The Role of Urban Parks for the Sustainable City. Landscape and Urban Planning 68, 129-138.
  • Claus, C., ve Pak, B. (2018). Towards Urban Sound Design for Transitional Public Railway Park/Places: Sonic Strategies for Engagement, Critical and Spatial Design. In CA2RE: Conference For Artistic and Architectural (Doctoral) Research Proceedings. (pp. 108-119). Aarhus School of Architecture; Aarhus.
  • Demirkale, S.Y. ve Aşcıgil, M. 2007. Sağlıklı kentlerle ve yapılarla ilgili Türkiye’nin gürültü politikası. VIII. Ulusal Tesisat Mühendisliği Kongresi, İzmir, 267-285s.
  • Denić-Jukić, V. (2019). Hydrology and physical limnology in Croatia. Geofizika, 36(2): 185-194.
  • Emilson, L., Friman, M., ve Engström, N. (2020). Efterklang Project Report. Erişim tarihi (24.11.2021): https://omvarldsbevakning.byggtjanst.se/contentassets/fac9003e386e445392e7bfac66b461a5/rapport-ljudmatning-av-ljudmuren.pdf
  • Girot C., 2016. Landscape Topology. Theory lab lecture series :ILA Institute of Landscape Architecture. Erişim Tarihi (02.12.2021): https://girot.arch.ethz.ch/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/V05FS16_Handout.pdf
  • Han, X., Huang, X., Liang, H., Ma, S., ve Gong, J. (2018). Analysis of the relationships between environmental noise and urban morphology. Environmental pollution, 233, 755-763.
  • Hedfors, P. (2003). Sonic tools for landscape architecture. In Conf. proceedings “Acoustic Ecology”, Australian Forum for Acoustic Ecology/World Forum for Acoustic Ecology, Melbourne, Australia (pp. 19-23).
  • Hiramatsu, K. (2006). A Review of Soundscape Studies in Japan. Acta Acustica United with Acustica, cilt:92, sayı:6. Kang, J. (2011). Urban soundscape: from research to practice. In Local Authority Noise Action Forum group, University of Sheffield, UK pp. 212-213.
  • Kaymaz, I., Belkayalı, N., ve Akpınar, N. (2013). Peyzaj Mimarlığı kapsamında işitsel peyzaj kavramı: Ankara kent parkları örneği. Peyzaj Mimarlığı, 5. Kongresi, 182-194.
  • Labuz, R. (2019). Pocket Park–A New Type of Green Public Space in Kraków (Poland). In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 471 (11): 112018, IOP Publishing.
  • Landezine. (2016). Buitenschot Park. Erişim Adresi (02.12.2021): https://landezine.com/buitenschot-park-by-hns-landscape-architects/ Mancini, S., Mascolo, A., Graziuso, G., ve Guarnaccia, C. (2021). Soundwalk, Questionnaires and Noise Measurements in a University Campus: A Soundscape Study. Sustainability, 13(2), 841.
  • Oberman, T., Jambrošic, K., Aletta, F., ve Kang, J. (2019). Towards a soundscape surround index. In Proceedings of the International Congress on Acoustics (pp. 829-835). International Congress on Acoustics.
  • Oberman, T., Jambrošić, K., Horvat, M., ve Bojanić Obad Šćitaroci, B. (2020). Using virtual soundwalk approach for assessing sound art soundscape interventions in public spaces. Applied Sciences, 10(6), 2102.
  • Oddmusic.(2021). Odd Music Project. Erişim Adresi (01.12.2021): http://www.oddmusic.com/gallery/om24550.html
  • Omvarldsbevakning. (2020) Omvarld Bevakning Efterklang Project. Erişim Adresi (01.12.2021): https://omvarldsbevakning.byggtjanst.se/contentassets/fac9003e386e445392e7bfac66b461a5/rapport-ljudmatning-av-ljudmuren.pdf
  • Osvalder, A. L., ve Nybacka, M. (2018). Different user groups’ perception, experience and need of spoken information in public transportation spaces. In International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics , pp. 26-38. Springer, Cham. Özçevik, A., ve Can Z.Y. (2011).. Soundscape and the Adaptation of Soundscape to Covered Spaces. Megaron. 2011; 6(1): 52-59
  • Özdemir, B.; Bayramoğlu, E.; Demirel, O.(2014). Noise Pollution and Human Health in Trabzon Parks. Stud. Ethno Med. 8, 127–134. Pouya, S. (2017). The role of landscape architecture on soundscape experience. Turkish Journal of Forest Science, 1(2), 183-193.
  • Radicchi, A., Cevikayak Yelmi, P., Chung, A., Jordan, P., Stewart, S., Tsaligopoulos, A., ... ve Grant, M. (2021). Sound and the healthy city. Cities ve Health, 5(1-2), 1-13.
  • Ramsar (1994). Özellikle Su Kuşları Yaşama Ortamı Olarak Uluslararası Öneme Sahip Sulak Alanlar Hakkında Sözleşme: Ramsar Sözlemesi. Yürürlük: 13 Kasım 1994. Erişim Tarihi (01.02.2021): https://teftis.ktb.gov.tr/TR-263672/ozellikle-su-kuslari-yasama-ortami-olarak-uluslararasi-.html.
  • Schafer, M. (1977). Our Sonic Environment and The Soundscape: The Tuning of The World, Destiny Books, Rochester, Vermont.
  • Schlüter, F. (2013). A Soundscape Remodelled. Erişim Adresi (01.12.2021): https://sonicagents.wordpress.com/2013/01/04/a-soundscape-re-modeled/
  • Schulte-Fortkamp, B., ve Brooks, B. (2018). Urban planning integrating the soundscape approach. In INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings (Vol. 258, No. 4, pp. 3551-3556). Institute of Noise Control Engineering Soundscapedesign. (2021). Soundscape Design, Listen to City.. Erişim Adresi (02.12.2021): https://soundscapedesign.info/category/projects/
  • Stevens, M. (2010). Quietening open spaces towards sustainable soundscapes for the City of London. Report to the Environmental Protection UK.
  • Tülek, B., ve Barış, M. E. (2014). Kent içi ve yakın çevresindeki su kıyısı rekreasyon alanlarının ekolojik kriterler açısından değerlendirilmesi: Mavi Göl örneği. Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(2), 13-26.
  • Urbanidentity. (2021). Urban İdentity, Sheaf Square. Erişim Adresi (02.12.2021): https://urbanidentity.info/projects/sheffield_sheaf_square/
  • WHO (‎1999)‎. World Health Organization Occupational and Environmental Health Team.Guidelines for community noise. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/66217
  • WLA, 2021. World Landscape Architecture. Erişim Tarihi (24.11.2021): https://worldlandscapearchitect.com/buitenschot-park-haarlemmermeer-the-netherlands-hns-landscape-architects/.
  • Xiao, J., Tait, M., ve Kang, J. (2017). Design with Fragrant Plants and Waterscapes. Designing with Smell: Practices, Techniques and Challenges.
  • Yıldırım, Y. ve Arefi, M. 2020.The sound of New Urbanism. Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability.

The Role of Auditory Landscape in Evaluation of Acoustic Comfort in Stream Corridors, Ayvalı Dere Sample

Yıl 2022, , 27 - 43, 25.02.2022
https://doi.org/10.53353/atrss.1055255

Öz

Stream corridors provide recreational services that keep the citizens away from the noisy and stressful environment of the city and allow them to rest in peacefully. Thus identifying the noise sources in these areas and then providing natural/artificial solutions is one of the purposes of the soundscape. Within the scope of the study, Ayvalı Stream passing through the Nilüfer district of Bursa, and its surroundings, which are under the pressure of industry and agriculture, were determined and it was aimed to propose the design and engineering services of the city that remove the disturbing and unwanted sounds and focus on natural sounds. In order to achieve this aim, the researches and projects that have been carried out in the world and in Turkey regarding the soundscape have been examined and compared with each other. As a result, the use of water, sound barrier, plant material and urban reinforcement has been suggested around the study area.Therefore solutions have been developed that provide acoustic comfort around Ayvalı Stream, which passes through the agricultural, settlements and industrial areas and provides a natural environment for the urban people.For this purpose, it is calibrated with OKTAVA 110A-PRO, which is a noise measurement tool in the analysis of sounds the phone application called “dB meter lite”, which was used to measure sound, was used.

Proje Numarası

211N023

Kaynakça

  • Ağaçsapan, B., ve Çabuk, A. (2019). Sustainable Aviation: GIS For Airport. GSI Journals Serie B: Advancements in Business and Economics, 2(1).
  • Archello. (2021). Highway Noise Barrier. Erişim Adresi (02.12.2021): https://archello.com/project/highway-noise-barrier
  • Architects, H. L. (2016). Land Art Park Buitenschot (Amsterdam): Un parque para la reducción de la contaminación acústica. Planur-e: territorio, urbanismo, paisaje, sostenibilidad y diseño urbano, (8): 17.
  • Armato, F. (2017). Pocket park: Product urban design. The Design Journal, 20(sup1): 1869-S1878.
  • Aslan, F., Mustan Dönmez, B. ve Yılmaz, B. (2014). Görsel ve işitsel sanatların doğa ile olan köprüsü: Peyzaj mimarlığı. İnönü Üniversitesi Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi. (2014). Cilt:4, Sayı:9, 99-106.
  • Bao, Z., ve Lu, W. (2021). A decision-support framework for planning construction waste recycling: A case study of Shenzhen, China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 309: 127449.
  • Bayraktar, Ş. (2006). İzmit kent merkezinin gürültü kirliliği (Master's thesis, Kocaeli Universitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitusu).
  • Bayramoğlu, E. , Özdemir, B. ve Demirel, Ö. (2014). Gürültü Kirliliğinin Kent Parklarına Etkisi Ve Çözüm Önerileri: Trabzon Kenti Örneği. İnönü Üniversitesi Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi, 4 (9), 35-42.
  • Berkers, M. (2016). Transforming the Green. Technical and cultural fusion:: The Buitenschot Park in Amsterdam. Topos: European landscape magazine, (97), 90.
  • Brown, A. L. (2011). Advancing the concepts of soundscapes and soundscape planning. In Proceedings of the Conference of the Australian Acoustical Society. Pp. 1-11.
  • Cerwén, G. (2018). On the Intersection Between Speaker Installations and Urban Environments. Multi-Objective Optimization of Industrial Power Generation Systems; IGI Global: Hershey, PA, USA, 23-45.
  • Cerwén, G., ve Mossberg, F. (2019). Implementation of quiet areas in Sweden. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(1), 134.
  • Chiesura, A. (2004). The Role of Urban Parks for the Sustainable City. Landscape and Urban Planning 68, 129-138.
  • Claus, C., ve Pak, B. (2018). Towards Urban Sound Design for Transitional Public Railway Park/Places: Sonic Strategies for Engagement, Critical and Spatial Design. In CA2RE: Conference For Artistic and Architectural (Doctoral) Research Proceedings. (pp. 108-119). Aarhus School of Architecture; Aarhus.
  • Demirkale, S.Y. ve Aşcıgil, M. 2007. Sağlıklı kentlerle ve yapılarla ilgili Türkiye’nin gürültü politikası. VIII. Ulusal Tesisat Mühendisliği Kongresi, İzmir, 267-285s.
  • Denić-Jukić, V. (2019). Hydrology and physical limnology in Croatia. Geofizika, 36(2): 185-194.
  • Emilson, L., Friman, M., ve Engström, N. (2020). Efterklang Project Report. Erişim tarihi (24.11.2021): https://omvarldsbevakning.byggtjanst.se/contentassets/fac9003e386e445392e7bfac66b461a5/rapport-ljudmatning-av-ljudmuren.pdf
  • Girot C., 2016. Landscape Topology. Theory lab lecture series :ILA Institute of Landscape Architecture. Erişim Tarihi (02.12.2021): https://girot.arch.ethz.ch/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/V05FS16_Handout.pdf
  • Han, X., Huang, X., Liang, H., Ma, S., ve Gong, J. (2018). Analysis of the relationships between environmental noise and urban morphology. Environmental pollution, 233, 755-763.
  • Hedfors, P. (2003). Sonic tools for landscape architecture. In Conf. proceedings “Acoustic Ecology”, Australian Forum for Acoustic Ecology/World Forum for Acoustic Ecology, Melbourne, Australia (pp. 19-23).
  • Hiramatsu, K. (2006). A Review of Soundscape Studies in Japan. Acta Acustica United with Acustica, cilt:92, sayı:6. Kang, J. (2011). Urban soundscape: from research to practice. In Local Authority Noise Action Forum group, University of Sheffield, UK pp. 212-213.
  • Kaymaz, I., Belkayalı, N., ve Akpınar, N. (2013). Peyzaj Mimarlığı kapsamında işitsel peyzaj kavramı: Ankara kent parkları örneği. Peyzaj Mimarlığı, 5. Kongresi, 182-194.
  • Labuz, R. (2019). Pocket Park–A New Type of Green Public Space in Kraków (Poland). In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 471 (11): 112018, IOP Publishing.
  • Landezine. (2016). Buitenschot Park. Erişim Adresi (02.12.2021): https://landezine.com/buitenschot-park-by-hns-landscape-architects/ Mancini, S., Mascolo, A., Graziuso, G., ve Guarnaccia, C. (2021). Soundwalk, Questionnaires and Noise Measurements in a University Campus: A Soundscape Study. Sustainability, 13(2), 841.
  • Oberman, T., Jambrošic, K., Aletta, F., ve Kang, J. (2019). Towards a soundscape surround index. In Proceedings of the International Congress on Acoustics (pp. 829-835). International Congress on Acoustics.
  • Oberman, T., Jambrošić, K., Horvat, M., ve Bojanić Obad Šćitaroci, B. (2020). Using virtual soundwalk approach for assessing sound art soundscape interventions in public spaces. Applied Sciences, 10(6), 2102.
  • Oddmusic.(2021). Odd Music Project. Erişim Adresi (01.12.2021): http://www.oddmusic.com/gallery/om24550.html
  • Omvarldsbevakning. (2020) Omvarld Bevakning Efterklang Project. Erişim Adresi (01.12.2021): https://omvarldsbevakning.byggtjanst.se/contentassets/fac9003e386e445392e7bfac66b461a5/rapport-ljudmatning-av-ljudmuren.pdf
  • Osvalder, A. L., ve Nybacka, M. (2018). Different user groups’ perception, experience and need of spoken information in public transportation spaces. In International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics , pp. 26-38. Springer, Cham. Özçevik, A., ve Can Z.Y. (2011).. Soundscape and the Adaptation of Soundscape to Covered Spaces. Megaron. 2011; 6(1): 52-59
  • Özdemir, B.; Bayramoğlu, E.; Demirel, O.(2014). Noise Pollution and Human Health in Trabzon Parks. Stud. Ethno Med. 8, 127–134. Pouya, S. (2017). The role of landscape architecture on soundscape experience. Turkish Journal of Forest Science, 1(2), 183-193.
  • Radicchi, A., Cevikayak Yelmi, P., Chung, A., Jordan, P., Stewart, S., Tsaligopoulos, A., ... ve Grant, M. (2021). Sound and the healthy city. Cities ve Health, 5(1-2), 1-13.
  • Ramsar (1994). Özellikle Su Kuşları Yaşama Ortamı Olarak Uluslararası Öneme Sahip Sulak Alanlar Hakkında Sözleşme: Ramsar Sözlemesi. Yürürlük: 13 Kasım 1994. Erişim Tarihi (01.02.2021): https://teftis.ktb.gov.tr/TR-263672/ozellikle-su-kuslari-yasama-ortami-olarak-uluslararasi-.html.
  • Schafer, M. (1977). Our Sonic Environment and The Soundscape: The Tuning of The World, Destiny Books, Rochester, Vermont.
  • Schlüter, F. (2013). A Soundscape Remodelled. Erişim Adresi (01.12.2021): https://sonicagents.wordpress.com/2013/01/04/a-soundscape-re-modeled/
  • Schulte-Fortkamp, B., ve Brooks, B. (2018). Urban planning integrating the soundscape approach. In INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings (Vol. 258, No. 4, pp. 3551-3556). Institute of Noise Control Engineering Soundscapedesign. (2021). Soundscape Design, Listen to City.. Erişim Adresi (02.12.2021): https://soundscapedesign.info/category/projects/
  • Stevens, M. (2010). Quietening open spaces towards sustainable soundscapes for the City of London. Report to the Environmental Protection UK.
  • Tülek, B., ve Barış, M. E. (2014). Kent içi ve yakın çevresindeki su kıyısı rekreasyon alanlarının ekolojik kriterler açısından değerlendirilmesi: Mavi Göl örneği. Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(2), 13-26.
  • Urbanidentity. (2021). Urban İdentity, Sheaf Square. Erişim Adresi (02.12.2021): https://urbanidentity.info/projects/sheffield_sheaf_square/
  • WHO (‎1999)‎. World Health Organization Occupational and Environmental Health Team.Guidelines for community noise. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/66217
  • WLA, 2021. World Landscape Architecture. Erişim Tarihi (24.11.2021): https://worldlandscapearchitect.com/buitenschot-park-haarlemmermeer-the-netherlands-hns-landscape-architects/.
  • Xiao, J., Tait, M., ve Kang, J. (2017). Design with Fragrant Plants and Waterscapes. Designing with Smell: Practices, Techniques and Challenges.
  • Yıldırım, Y. ve Arefi, M. 2020.The sound of New Urbanism. Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability.
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mimarlık
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Hatice Eşbah 0000-0002-6035-990X

Sara Demir 0000-0002-0813-3356

Yalcin Yildirim 0000-0002-3556-088X

Proje Numarası 211N023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Şubat 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Ocak 2022
Kabul Tarihi 15 Şubat 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

APA Eşbah, H., Demir, S., & Yildirim, Y. (2022). Akarsu Koridorlarında Akustik Konforun Değerlendirilmesinde İşitsel Peyzajın Rolü, Ayvalı Dere Örneği. GSI Journals Serie A: Advancements in Tourism Recreation and Sports Sciences, 5(1), 27-43. https://doi.org/10.53353/atrss.1055255
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