Sürdürülebilir Turizmde Karbon Ayak İzi Azaltma Stratejilerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yaklaşımı

Öz

Bu çalışma, sürdürülebilir turizmde karbon ayak izi azaltma stratejilerini çok kriterli karar verme (MCDM) yaklaşımlarıyla değerlendirmektedir ve özellikle orta ve büyük ölçekli turizm tesislerine odaklanmaktadır. Turizm sektörü, enerji yoğun faaliyetler (ulaşım ve konaklama gibi) nedeniyle küresel sera gazı emisyonlarının yaklaşık %8-10'unu oluşturmaktadır. Bu durumu ele alan çalışma, Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHP) ve İdeal Çözüme Benzerlik ile Tercih Sıralaması Tekniği (TOPSIS) yöntemlerini birleştiren bütünleşmiş bir MCDM modeli önermektedir. AHP yöntemiyle kriterlerin ağırlıkları belirlenirken, TOPSIS yöntemiyle alternatif stratejilerin ideal çözüme yakınlıklarına göre sıralaması yapılmıştır. Bu model, çevresel, ekonomik ve sosyal kriterlere dayalı olarak stratejileri sıralamaktadır. Sonuçlar, yenilenebilir enerji kullanımı, enerji verimliliği iyileştirmeleri ve atık yönetiminin en etkili stratejiler olduğunu göstermektedir. "Yenilenebilir enerji kullanımının artırılması" en yüksek sırada yer almakta, ardından "Enerji verimli teknolojilerin yaygınlaştırılması" ve "Sürdürülebilir ulaşım modellerinin teşvik edilmesi" gelmektedir. Bu çalışma, önceki araştırmaların genellikle izole stratejilere odaklanmasındaki sınırlamaları ele alarak, kapsamlı birçok boyutlu bir çerçeve sunarak mevcut literatüre katkı sağlamaktadır. Bulgular, sürdürülebilirlik için bütünsel bir yaklaşımın önemini vurgulayarak, politika yapıcılar ve turizm işletmelerine uygulanabilir içgörüler sunmaktadır. Gelecek araştırmalar, bu çerçeveyi diğer bölgelere genişleterek uzun vadeli etkileri değerlendirebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sürdürülebilir Turizm
• Karbon Ayak İzi
• Çok Kriterli Karar Verme
• AHP
• TOPSIS

Evaluation of Carbon Footprint Reduction Strategies in Sustainable Tourism: A Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach

Öz

This study evaluates carbon footprint reduction strategies in sustainable tourism using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approaches, focusing on medium to large-scale tourism facilities. The tourism sector accounts for about 8–10% of global greenhouse gas emissions due to energy-intensive activities like transport and accommodation. To address this, an integrated MCDM model combining the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is proposed. AHP determines the weights of criteria, while TOPSIS ranks strategies based on proximity to the ideal solution. The model assesses alternatives under environmental, economic, and social dimensions. Results indicate that renewable energy use, energy efficiency improvements, and waste management are the most effective strategies. “Increasing renewable energy use” ranks highest, followed by “Expanding energy-efficient technologies” and “Promoting sustainable transport models.” The study contributes a comprehensive, multidimensional framework, addressing prior research limitations focused on isolated strategies, and offers actionable insights for policymakers and tourism operators. Future research may extend this framework to other regions and evaluate long-term impacts.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sustainable Tourism
• Carbon Footprint
• Multi-Criteria Decision-Making
• AHP
• TOPSIS

Kaynakça

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