Land Use Change in Türkiye and Determination of Priority Areas for Urban Heat Island Studies

Öz

Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect of climate change and unplanned urbanisation in developing countries like Türkiye is frequently investigated. Where to prioritise UHI studies is an important problem. In this study, CORINE Land Use/Land Cover (LU/LC), Meteorological Station (MS), urban LU/LC and provincial boundary data were analysed using GIS to provide a basis for the planning of UHI studies in Türkiye. In addition to the change in the LU/LC at the provincial level in Türkiye, the proportion of urbanised area within a 10 kilometer radius of the MS and the proportion of dense urban LU/LC types were found. In 1990, 0.91% of Türkiye 's surface area was allocated to Artificial Surfaces (AS), while this ratio increased to 1.97% in 2018. The highest amount of conversion to AS was in Istanbul (1041 km2) and Ankara (949 km2). The rate of conversion of MS into AS within a radius of 10 km varies between 23.8% and 40.8%, while the rate of dense urban LU/LC of 22 MS at the same distance varies between 38.4% and 54.4%.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Urban heat island
• Urbanization
• Land cover change
• Türkiye

Türkiye'de Arazi Kullanım Değişimi ve Kentsel Isı Adası Çalışmaları İçin Öncelikli Alanların Belirlenmesi

Öz

Türkiye gibi gelişmekte olan ülkelerde iklim değişikliği ve çarpık kentleşmenin beraberinde getirdiği Kentsel Isı Adası (KIA) etkisi sıklıkla araştırılmaktadır. KIA çalışmalarına nerede öncelik verileceği önemli bir sorundur. Bu çalışmada CORINE Arazi Kullanımı/Arazi Örtüsü (AK/AÖ), Meteoroloji İstasyonu (Mİ), kentsel AK/AÖ ve il sınırı verilerini CBS kullanılarak Türkiye'de KIA çalışmalarının planlanmasına temel oluşturmayı amaçlanmıştır. Türkiye'de il düzeyinde AK/AÖ'deki değişimin yanı sıra Mİ'nin 10 kilometre yarıçapındaki şehirleşmiş alan oranı ve yoğun kentsel AK/AÖ tiplerinin oranı bulunmuştur. 1990 yılında Türkiye'nin yüzölçümünün %0,91'inin Yapay Yüzeylere (YY) ayrıldığı, 2018 yılında ise bu oranın %1,97'ye yükseldiği tespit edilmiştir. YY'ye en fazla dönüşüm 1041 km2 ile İstanbul'da ve 949 km2 ile Ankara'da gerçekleşmiştir. Yarıçapı 10 km olan Mİ'lerin YY'ye dönüşme oranı %23,8 ile %40,8 arasında değişirken, aynı mesafedeki 22 Mİ'nin yoğun kentsel AK/AÖ oranı %38,4 ile %54,4 arasında değişmektedir. Mİ'nin 10 kilometrelik yarıçapı içindeki yoğun kentsel AK/AÖ türlerinin oranına göre İstanbul (12) ve Ankara'dan (10) 22 istasyon bulunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kentsel Isı Adası
• Kentleşme
• Arazi Örtüsü Değişimi
• Türkiye

Kaynakça

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