Araştırma Makalesi
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The Great-Teacher Myth: Turkish Cinema vs. World Cinema

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 58 Sayı: 3, 1033 - 1096, 15.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.1599091

Öz

The aim of this study is to trace “the great-teacher myth” in the examples of the Turkish and the world cinema and unpack the symbolic messages about the teaching profession by the way of analyzing the films in which the great or bad teacher characters take part. In the study, a method of qualitative research, content analysis, is applied. The terminology of the “Symbolic Convergence Theory” (SCT) is used to predicate the study on the theorotical base and fulfill its objectivity. The Turkish and the world cinema examples produced between 1930 - 2015 and in which the teachers are presented as the leading or supporting characters constitute the population of the study. The sample of the study is 60 films examples from 21 different countries (including Türkiye) which constitute pro-argument or counter argument to the great-teacher myth. The sample of the study is mainly divided into two groups: “The teachers on the light side” and “the teachers on the dark side.” Subsequent to this division the Turkish and the world cinema examples are thematically classified as sub-categories enabling them to compare with one another. The contained symbolic messages, via both the great and bad teacher characters in terms of the scenes included, are analyzed in the film examples of these sub-categories. In the consequence of the analyses it is found that the Turkish cinema examples included in the study contain relatively higher rated pro-argument to the great-teacher myth. In this context it is deduced that, especially in Turkish cinema, via the great-teacher characters, who are hardly possible to meet in the real world, a kind of teacher stereotype is imposed upon the audience. Also, the contained symbolic messages of the films about the teachers and the teaching profession are variable as “positive”, “both positive and negative” and “negative.

Kaynakça

  • Adorno, T. W., & Horkheimer, M. (2002). The culture industry: Enlightenment as mass deception (E. Jephcott, Trans.). In G. S. Noerr (Ed.), Dialectic of enlightenment: Philosophical fragments (pp. 94–136). Stanford University Press. (Original work published 1944).
  • Berg, B. L. (1998). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences (3rd ed.). Allyn & Bacon.
  • Blumer, H. (1933). Movies and conduct. Macmillan.
  • Bordwell, D., Thompson, K., & Smith, J. (2023). Film art: An introduction (13th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
  • Bormann, E. G. (1972). Fantasy and rhetorical vision: The rhetorical criticism of social reality. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 58(4), 396–407. https://doi.org/10.1080/00335637209383138
  • Bormann, E. G. (1982a). A fantasy theme analysis of the television coverage of the hostage release and the Reagan inaugural. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 68(2), 133–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/00335638209383599
  • Bormann, E. G. (1982b). Colloquy: Fantasy and rhetorical vision: Ten years later. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 68(3), 288–305. https://doi.org/10.1080/00335638209383614
  • Bormann, E. G. (1982c). The symbolic convergence theory of communication: Applications and implications for teachers and consultants. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 10(1), 50–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909888209365212
  • Bormann, E. G. (1985). Symbolic convergence theory: A communication formulation. Journal of Communication, 35(4), 128–138. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1985.tb02977.x
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (11th ed.). Pegem Akademi.
  • Couldry, N., & Hepp, A. (2018). The mediated construction of reality. Polity.
  • Dalton, M. M. (1999). The Hollywood curriculum: Teachers and teaching in the movies. Peter Lang.
  • Dalton, M. M. (2017). The Hollywood curriculum: Teachers in the movies (3rd rev. ed.). Peter Lang.
  • Demircioğlu, İ. H. (2007). Tarih öğretiminde filmlerin yeri ve önemi. Bilig, 42(4), 77-93.
  • Dinella, L. M., Claps, J. M., & Lewandowski Jr, G. W. (2017). Princesses, princes, and superheroes: Children's gender cognitions and fictional characters. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 178(5), 262–280. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2017.1351417
  • Dobbin, S. A., & Gatowski, S. I. (1999). A judge’s deskbook on the basic philosophies and methods of science. State Justice Institute.
  • Erdoğan, N., & Göktürk, D. (2014). Turkish cinema. In O. Leaman (Ed.), Companion encyclopedia of Middle Eastern and North African film (pp. 533–573). Routledge.
  • Eslamiakaram, N. (2024). Integrating communication and mass media in education: The transformative potential of immersive technologies. In G. S. Heggde, S. K. Patra, & R. Panda (Eds.), Immersive technology and experiences: Implications for business and society (pp. 85–96). Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8834-1_6
  • Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., & Signorielli, N. (1980). The mainstreaming of America: Violence profile number 11. Journal of Communication, 30(3), 10–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1980.tb01987.x
  • Hawkins, R. P., & Pingree, S. (1982). Television’s influence on social reality. In D. Pearl, L. Bouthilet, & J. Lazar (Eds.), Television and behavior: Ten years of scientific progress and implications for the eighties (Vol. 2, pp. 224–247). U.S. Government Printing Office.
  • Hawkins, R. P., Pingree, S., & Adler, I. (1987). Searching for cognitive processes in the cultivation effect: Adult and adolescent samples in the United States and Australia. Human Communication Research, 13(4), 553–577. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1987.tb00118.x
  • Heath, A. W. (1997). The proposal in qualitative research. The Qualitative Report, 3(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/1997.2026
  • Heilman, R. B. (1991). Movies: The great-teacher myth. The American Scholar, 60(3), 417–423.
  • Hobbs, R. (2020). Mind over media: Propaganda education for a digital age. W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Jackson, B. G. (2000). A fantasy theme analysis of Peter Senge’s learning organization. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 36(2), 193–209. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886300362005
  • Jenkins, J. (1979). Film for non-formal education [Örgün olmayan eğitimde film]. Educational Broadcasting International, 12(2), 63–66.
  • Keroes, J. (1999). Tales out of school: Gender, longing, and the teacher in fiction and film. Southern Illinois University Press.
  • Kurtdaş, E. M. (2021). Eğitimde film kullanımının önemi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 60(10), 222–244.
  • Madge, J. (1965). The tools of science: An analytical description of social science techniques. Anchor Books/Doubleday.
  • Mayer, R. E. (2014). Cognitive theory of multimedia learning. In R. E. Mayer (Ed.), The Cambridge handbook of multimedia learning (2nd ed., pp. 43–71). Cambridge University Press.
  • McCluskey, R., & McKinney, S. J. (2013). How "the teacher" is presented in literature, history, religion, and the arts: Cross-cultural analysis of a stereotype. Edwin Mellen.
  • Myers, M. (2000). Qualitative research and the generalizability question: Standing firm with Proteus. The Qualitative Report, 4(3/4), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2000.2925
  • Öğülmüş, S. (1991). İçerik çözümlemesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(1), 213–228.
  • Pinto, J., Cardoso, T., & Soares, A. I. (2021). Cinema, education, and the internet: Which convergences? In N. Martins, D. Brandão, & D. Raposo (Eds.), Perspectives on design and digital communication: Research, innovations and best practices (pp. 227–238). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49647-0_15
  • Potter, W. J., & Chang, I. C. (1990). Television exposure measures and the cultivation hypothesis. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 34(3), 313–333. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838159009386745
  • Suner, A. (2010). New Turkish cinema: Belonging, identity and memory. I. B. Tauris.
  • Sykes, A. J. M. (1970). Myth in communication. Journal of Communication, 20(1), 17–31.
  • Thompson, J. B. (1995). The media and modernity: A social theory of the media. Stanford University.
  • Thomsen, S. R. (1993a, April). A worm in the apple: Hollywood's influence on the public's perception of teachers. Paper presented at the Southern States Communication Association and Central States Communication Association Joint Annual Meeting, Lexington, Kentucky.
  • Thomsen, S. R. (1993b). Hollywood and the great teacher myth: A fantasy theme analysis. Studies in Popular Culture, 16(1), 73–85.
  • Yaşartürk, G. (2011). Türk sinemasında iki farklı dönem, iki öğretmen: Hakkari’de bir mevsim ve gönül yarası. In Ö. Yılmazkol (Ed.), 2000 sonrası Türk Sineması'na eleştirel bakış (pp. 173–193). Okur Kitaplığı.
  • Yurdigül, A. (2014). Eğitim olgusunun sinematografik anlatıdaki yeri üzerine bir yaklaşım denemesi (“Bal” filmi örneği). Ekev Akademi Dergisi, 60(25), 487–502.

Harika Öğretmen Miti: Türk Sineması Dünya Sinemasına Karşı

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 58 Sayı: 3, 1033 - 1096, 15.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.1599091

Öz

Bu çalışmada Türk ve dünya sineması örneklerinde “harika öğretmen mitinin” izinin sürülmesi ve harika öğretmen ile kötü öğretmen karakterlerinin yer aldığı filmlerin analiz edilerek bu filmlerin öğretmenlik mesleği açısından verdiği sembolik mesajların çözümlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bir nitel araştırma yöntemi olan içerik analizi yöntemine başvurulan çalışmada, çalışmanın kuramsal bir temele dayandırılması ve objektifliğinin sağlanması amacıyla “Sembolik Yakınsallık Teorisi” (SYT) terminolojisi kullanılmaktadır. Araştırmanın evrenini 1930 - 2015 yılları arasında üretilmiş, öğretmenlerin baş/yan karakterler olarak temsil edildiği Türk ve dünya sineması örnekleri oluştururken araştırmanın örneklemini ise harika öğretmen mitine dayanak ya da karşı argüman teşkil eden, Türkiye de dâhil olmak üzere, 21 farklı ülkeden 60 film örneği oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın örneklemi iki ana gruba ayrılmıştır: “Aydınlık taraftaki öğretmenler” ve “karanlık taraftaki öğretmenler”. Bu sınıflandırmanın ardından her iki grupta yer alan Türk ve dünya sineması örnekleri aralarında karşılaştırma yapılmasına imkân sağlayacak şekilde tematik açıdan alt kategorilere ayrılmaktadır. Bu alt kategorilerde yer alan her bir film örneğinin, filmlerde yer alan sahneler bağlamında gerek harika öğretmen karakterleri gerekse de kötü öğretmen karakterleri üzerinden öğretmenler ve öğretmenlik mesleği ile ilgili barındırdığı sembolik mesajlar analiz edilmektedir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda çalışmada yer verilen Türk sineması örneklerinin, nispeten, harika öğretmen mitine daha yüksek bir oranda dayanak oluşturduğu bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, özellikle Türk sinemasında, reel dünyada örneklerine rastlamanın neredeyse imkânsız olduğu harika öğretmen karakterleri üzerinden izleyicilere bir öğretmen klişesi dayatıldığı sonucuna varılmaktadır. Filmlerin öğretmen ve öğretmenlik mesleği ile ilgili barındırdıkları sembolik mesajlar ise “olumlu”, “hem olumlu hem olumsuz” ve “olumsuz” şeklinde çeşitlilik göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Adorno, T. W., & Horkheimer, M. (2002). The culture industry: Enlightenment as mass deception (E. Jephcott, Trans.). In G. S. Noerr (Ed.), Dialectic of enlightenment: Philosophical fragments (pp. 94–136). Stanford University Press. (Original work published 1944).
  • Berg, B. L. (1998). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences (3rd ed.). Allyn & Bacon.
  • Blumer, H. (1933). Movies and conduct. Macmillan.
  • Bordwell, D., Thompson, K., & Smith, J. (2023). Film art: An introduction (13th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
  • Bormann, E. G. (1972). Fantasy and rhetorical vision: The rhetorical criticism of social reality. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 58(4), 396–407. https://doi.org/10.1080/00335637209383138
  • Bormann, E. G. (1982a). A fantasy theme analysis of the television coverage of the hostage release and the Reagan inaugural. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 68(2), 133–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/00335638209383599
  • Bormann, E. G. (1982b). Colloquy: Fantasy and rhetorical vision: Ten years later. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 68(3), 288–305. https://doi.org/10.1080/00335638209383614
  • Bormann, E. G. (1982c). The symbolic convergence theory of communication: Applications and implications for teachers and consultants. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 10(1), 50–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909888209365212
  • Bormann, E. G. (1985). Symbolic convergence theory: A communication formulation. Journal of Communication, 35(4), 128–138. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1985.tb02977.x
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (11th ed.). Pegem Akademi.
  • Couldry, N., & Hepp, A. (2018). The mediated construction of reality. Polity.
  • Dalton, M. M. (1999). The Hollywood curriculum: Teachers and teaching in the movies. Peter Lang.
  • Dalton, M. M. (2017). The Hollywood curriculum: Teachers in the movies (3rd rev. ed.). Peter Lang.
  • Demircioğlu, İ. H. (2007). Tarih öğretiminde filmlerin yeri ve önemi. Bilig, 42(4), 77-93.
  • Dinella, L. M., Claps, J. M., & Lewandowski Jr, G. W. (2017). Princesses, princes, and superheroes: Children's gender cognitions and fictional characters. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 178(5), 262–280. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2017.1351417
  • Dobbin, S. A., & Gatowski, S. I. (1999). A judge’s deskbook on the basic philosophies and methods of science. State Justice Institute.
  • Erdoğan, N., & Göktürk, D. (2014). Turkish cinema. In O. Leaman (Ed.), Companion encyclopedia of Middle Eastern and North African film (pp. 533–573). Routledge.
  • Eslamiakaram, N. (2024). Integrating communication and mass media in education: The transformative potential of immersive technologies. In G. S. Heggde, S. K. Patra, & R. Panda (Eds.), Immersive technology and experiences: Implications for business and society (pp. 85–96). Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8834-1_6
  • Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., & Signorielli, N. (1980). The mainstreaming of America: Violence profile number 11. Journal of Communication, 30(3), 10–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1980.tb01987.x
  • Hawkins, R. P., & Pingree, S. (1982). Television’s influence on social reality. In D. Pearl, L. Bouthilet, & J. Lazar (Eds.), Television and behavior: Ten years of scientific progress and implications for the eighties (Vol. 2, pp. 224–247). U.S. Government Printing Office.
  • Hawkins, R. P., Pingree, S., & Adler, I. (1987). Searching for cognitive processes in the cultivation effect: Adult and adolescent samples in the United States and Australia. Human Communication Research, 13(4), 553–577. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1987.tb00118.x
  • Heath, A. W. (1997). The proposal in qualitative research. The Qualitative Report, 3(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/1997.2026
  • Heilman, R. B. (1991). Movies: The great-teacher myth. The American Scholar, 60(3), 417–423.
  • Hobbs, R. (2020). Mind over media: Propaganda education for a digital age. W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Jackson, B. G. (2000). A fantasy theme analysis of Peter Senge’s learning organization. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 36(2), 193–209. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886300362005
  • Jenkins, J. (1979). Film for non-formal education [Örgün olmayan eğitimde film]. Educational Broadcasting International, 12(2), 63–66.
  • Keroes, J. (1999). Tales out of school: Gender, longing, and the teacher in fiction and film. Southern Illinois University Press.
  • Kurtdaş, E. M. (2021). Eğitimde film kullanımının önemi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 60(10), 222–244.
  • Madge, J. (1965). The tools of science: An analytical description of social science techniques. Anchor Books/Doubleday.
  • Mayer, R. E. (2014). Cognitive theory of multimedia learning. In R. E. Mayer (Ed.), The Cambridge handbook of multimedia learning (2nd ed., pp. 43–71). Cambridge University Press.
  • McCluskey, R., & McKinney, S. J. (2013). How "the teacher" is presented in literature, history, religion, and the arts: Cross-cultural analysis of a stereotype. Edwin Mellen.
  • Myers, M. (2000). Qualitative research and the generalizability question: Standing firm with Proteus. The Qualitative Report, 4(3/4), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2000.2925
  • Öğülmüş, S. (1991). İçerik çözümlemesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(1), 213–228.
  • Pinto, J., Cardoso, T., & Soares, A. I. (2021). Cinema, education, and the internet: Which convergences? In N. Martins, D. Brandão, & D. Raposo (Eds.), Perspectives on design and digital communication: Research, innovations and best practices (pp. 227–238). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49647-0_15
  • Potter, W. J., & Chang, I. C. (1990). Television exposure measures and the cultivation hypothesis. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 34(3), 313–333. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838159009386745
  • Suner, A. (2010). New Turkish cinema: Belonging, identity and memory. I. B. Tauris.
  • Sykes, A. J. M. (1970). Myth in communication. Journal of Communication, 20(1), 17–31.
  • Thompson, J. B. (1995). The media and modernity: A social theory of the media. Stanford University.
  • Thomsen, S. R. (1993a, April). A worm in the apple: Hollywood's influence on the public's perception of teachers. Paper presented at the Southern States Communication Association and Central States Communication Association Joint Annual Meeting, Lexington, Kentucky.
  • Thomsen, S. R. (1993b). Hollywood and the great teacher myth: A fantasy theme analysis. Studies in Popular Culture, 16(1), 73–85.
  • Yaşartürk, G. (2011). Türk sinemasında iki farklı dönem, iki öğretmen: Hakkari’de bir mevsim ve gönül yarası. In Ö. Yılmazkol (Ed.), 2000 sonrası Türk Sineması'na eleştirel bakış (pp. 173–193). Okur Kitaplığı.
  • Yurdigül, A. (2014). Eğitim olgusunun sinematografik anlatıdaki yeri üzerine bir yaklaşım denemesi (“Bal” filmi örneği). Ekev Akademi Dergisi, 60(25), 487–502.
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eğitimin Felsefi ve Sosyal Temelleri
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Hüseyin Barut 0009-0007-6143-3706

Mustafa Sever

Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Aralık 2024
Kabul Tarihi 4 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 58 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Barut, H., & Sever, M. (2025). The Great-Teacher Myth: Turkish Cinema vs. World Cinema. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences (JFES), 58(3), 1033-1096. https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.1599091

Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 lisansını kullanmaktadır.