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Yaşam Seyrindeki Öğrenme Yolları: Yaşam Boyu, Yaşam Genişliğinde ve Yaşam Derinliğinde

Yıl 2022, , 567 - 599, 01.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.917069

Öz

Bu çalışmada, yaşam (hayat) boyu öğrenme, yaşam genişliğinde öğrenme ve yaşam derinliğinde öğrenme kavramları incelenmektedir. Her üç öğrenme, anlam ve bağlam açısından ele alınmış ve geçmişten günümüze tarihsel bir süreç içinde çözümlenmiş, ayrıca COVID-19’dan sonra yaşam boyu, yaşam genişliğinde ve yaşam derinliğinde öğrenmelerin gelecekte nasıl ele alınabileceğiyle ilgili hazırlanan raporlar ve yapılan çalışmalar da dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmanın veri toplama aşamasında doküman analizi yöntemi, veri işleme ve sunumu aşamasında ise betimsel analiz ve içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Yaşam boyu, yaşam genişliğinde ve yaşam derinliğinde öğrenmelerin birbirleriyle olan ilişkileri, bireylerin yaşam seyirleri içinde ele alındıktan sonra, çalışmanın tartışma ve sonuç bölümünde bu üç öğrenmeyi kapsayan bir şema geliştirilerek alanyazında tartışılmaya sunulmuştur. Bu şemaya göre; yaşam boyu öğrenme daha çok yaşamın boylamsal süreçlerini, yaşam genişliğinde öğrenme düzlemsel süreçlerini ve yaşam derinliğinde öğrenme ise hayatın hem boylamsal hem de düzlemsel yönlerini çevreleyen döngüsel süreçlerini temsil etmektedir. Yaşam boyu, yaşam genişliğinde ve yaşam derinliğinde öğrenmenin aynı çalışmada ele alındığı gerek ulusal gerekse uluslararası düzeyde sınırlı sayıda çalışma olduğundan, bu araştırma ileride yapılacak olan çalışmalara temel oluşturması bakımından önemlidir.

Kaynakça

  • Akın, G. (2020). Hayat boyu öğrenme yeterlikleri. (H. Kaygın, İ. Ç. Ulus, B. Çukurbaşı, Eds.). Hayat Boyu Öğrenme. PegemAkademi, (243- 265).
  • Aspin, D. N., and Chapman, J. D. (2000). Lifelong learning: concepts and conceptions. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 19 (1), 2-19.
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  • Avrupa Komisyonu [European Commission]. (2019). Background and aims. Key competences for lifelong learning. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
  • Banks, J. A., Banks, C. A. M., Cortés, C. E., Hahn, C., Merryfield, M., Moodley, K., Osler, A., Murphy-Shigematsu, S., and Parker, W. C. (2005). Democracy and diversity: Principles and concepts for educating citizens in a global age. Seattle: Center for Multicultural Education, University of Washington.
  • Banks, J.A., Au, K. H., Ball, A.F, Bell, P., Gordon, E.W, Gutiérrez, K.D., Heath, S B., Lee, C.D., Lee, Y., Mahiri, J., Suad Nasir, N., Valdés, G., and Zhou, M. (2007). Learning in and out of school in diverse environments: Lifelong, Lifewide, Lifedeep. The LIFE Center (The Learning in Informal and Formal Environments Centre), University of Washington.
  • Belanger, P. (2015). Self-construction and social transformation: Lifelong, lifewide and life-deep learning. UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning.
  • Bell, P., and Banks, J. (2012). Life-long, life-wide, and life-deep learning. Encyclopedia of diversity in education, 4, 1395-1396.
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Ekonomik ve Sosyal İşler Dairesi Başkanlığı (2015). Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Birleşmiş Milletler, The Millennium Development Goals Report. (2015). Milenyum Kalkınma Hedefleri. UN, Newyork. https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals /2015_MDG_Report/pdf/MDG%202015%20rev%20(July%201).pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Bjerg, J. (1994). Christen Mikkelsen Kold. In Prospects: The Quarterly Review Of Comparative Education, XXIV ( 1–2), 21–35. Paris: UNESCO.
  • Boeren, E., Roumell, E. A., and Roessger, K. M. (2020). COVID-19 and the future of adult education: An editorial. Adult Education Quarterly.doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0741713620925029
  • Boshier, R. (1998). Edgar Faure after 25 years: down but not out. International Perspectives on Lifelong Learning, 1998, 3-20.
  • Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27-40.
  • Boyle, C. (1982). Reflections on recurrent education. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 1(1), 5-18.
  • Clark, T. (2005). Lifelong, life-wide or life sentence? Australian Journal of Adult Education, 45 (1), 46- 61.
  • Collins, M. (1996). On contemporary practice and research: Self-directed learning to critical theory. In R. Edwards, A. Hanson, & P. Raggatt (Eds.), Boundaries of Adult Learning: Adult Learners, Education, and Training (pp. 109-127). New York: Routledge
  • Corbin, J. S., and Strauss, A. A. (2008). Strategies for qualitative data analysis. Basics of Qualitative Research. Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory, 3.
  • Çatal, T. (2019). Geçmişten günümüze Türkiye’de yaşam boyu öğrenme. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek lisans Tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Delors, J., ve diğ. (1996). Learning: The treasure within. UNESCO.
  • Elfert, M. (2016, September). Revisiting the Faure report (1972) and the Delors Report (1996). Why was UNESCO’s utopian vision of lifelong learning an “unfailure”. In ESREA Triennial Conference Maynooth, Ireland.
  • Faure, E., Herrera, F., Kaddoura, A.R., Lopes, H., Petrovsky, A. V., Rahnema, M., ve Ward, F. C. (1972). Learning to be: The world of education today and tomorrow. UNESCO.
  • Field, J. (2001). Lifelong education. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 20(1-2), 3-15.
  • Gelpi , E. (1984). Lifelong Education: opportunities and obstacles. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 3 (2), 79- 87.
  • Gray, P. (2008). A brief history of education. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/ freedom-learn/200808/brief-history-education adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Güneş, F., ve Deveci, T. (2020). Yetişkin eğitimi ve hayat boyu öğrenme. Ankara: PegemAKademi.
  • Holford, J., ve Jarvis, P. (2000). The learning society. Handbook of Adult and Continuing Education, 643-659.
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  • Illeris, K. (2004). A model for learning in working life. Journal of Workplace Learning. 16(8).
  • Jackson, N. J. (Ed.). (2011). Learning for a complex world: A lifewide concept of learning, development and achievement. [online] AuthorHouse Publishing. https://www.lifewideeducation.uk/learning-for-a-complex-world.html adresinden erişilmiştir.
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  • Jarvis, P. (2004). Adult education and lifelong learning: Theory and practice. Routledge.
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  • Kang, B. (2021). How the COVID-19 pandemic is reshaping the education service. The Future of Service Post-COVID-19 Pandemic, Volume 1, 15.
  • Karasar. N. (2002). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. 11. Basım, Nobel Yayınları, Ankara, Turkey:183.
  • Kaygın, H. (2020). Kavram ve bağlam. (H. Kaygın, İ. Ç. Ulus, B. Çukurbaşı, Eds.). Hayat Boyu Öğrenme. PegemAkademi, (1-15).
  • Kıvrak, E. Y. (2007). Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye’de yaşam boyu öğrenme politikaları ve istihdam ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü Eğitim Yönetimi ve Politikası Anabilimdalı Eğitim Ekonomisi Bilim Dalı.
  • Kilis, S. (2019). Hayat boyu öğrenmenin tarihsel gelişimi. (M. Güçlü, Ed.). Yetişkin Eğitimi ve Hayat Boyu Öğrenme. PegemAkademik, (146- 159).
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Learning Paths in the Life Course: Lifelong, Life-wide and Life-deep

Yıl 2022, , 567 - 599, 01.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.917069

Öz

In this study, lifelong learning, life-wide learning, and life-deep learning are examined. All three learnings are discussed in terms of meaning and context and analyzed from a historical perspective from past to present. In addition, reports and studies which discuss the future of lifelong, life-wide, and life-deep learning after COVID-19 are included. The document analysis method was used in the data collection stage of the study, and the descriptive analysis and content analysis methods were used in the data processing and presentation stage. After arguing the relationships between lifelong, life-wide, and life-deep learning in the life course of individuals, a diagram that includes these three learnings was developed in the discussion and conclusion section of the study and presented for discussion in the literature. According to this scheme; lifelong learning represents more of life's longitudinal processes whereas life-wide learning is about horizontal processes, and life-deep learning is circular processes surrounding both longitudinal and planar aspects of life. Since there is a limited number of studies at both national and international levels where lifelong, life-wide, and life-deep learning are dealt with in the same study, this research is important as it may constitute a basis for future studies.

Kaynakça

  • Akın, G. (2020). Hayat boyu öğrenme yeterlikleri. (H. Kaygın, İ. Ç. Ulus, B. Çukurbaşı, Eds.). Hayat Boyu Öğrenme. PegemAkademi, (243- 265).
  • Aspin, D. N., and Chapman, J. D. (2000). Lifelong learning: concepts and conceptions. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 19 (1), 2-19.
  • Avrupa Komisyonu [European Commission]. (1995). Teaching and learning: towards the learning society, Brussels: European Commission.
  • Avrupa Komisyonu [European Commission]. (2001). Making a European area of lifelong learning a reality. Brussels: European Commission.
  • Avrupa Komisyonu [European Commission]. (2019). Background and aims. Key competences for lifelong learning. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
  • Banks, J. A., Banks, C. A. M., Cortés, C. E., Hahn, C., Merryfield, M., Moodley, K., Osler, A., Murphy-Shigematsu, S., and Parker, W. C. (2005). Democracy and diversity: Principles and concepts for educating citizens in a global age. Seattle: Center for Multicultural Education, University of Washington.
  • Banks, J.A., Au, K. H., Ball, A.F, Bell, P., Gordon, E.W, Gutiérrez, K.D., Heath, S B., Lee, C.D., Lee, Y., Mahiri, J., Suad Nasir, N., Valdés, G., and Zhou, M. (2007). Learning in and out of school in diverse environments: Lifelong, Lifewide, Lifedeep. The LIFE Center (The Learning in Informal and Formal Environments Centre), University of Washington.
  • Belanger, P. (2015). Self-construction and social transformation: Lifelong, lifewide and life-deep learning. UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning.
  • Bell, P., and Banks, J. (2012). Life-long, life-wide, and life-deep learning. Encyclopedia of diversity in education, 4, 1395-1396.
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Ekonomik ve Sosyal İşler Dairesi Başkanlığı (2015). Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Birleşmiş Milletler, The Millennium Development Goals Report. (2015). Milenyum Kalkınma Hedefleri. UN, Newyork. https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals /2015_MDG_Report/pdf/MDG%202015%20rev%20(July%201).pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Bjerg, J. (1994). Christen Mikkelsen Kold. In Prospects: The Quarterly Review Of Comparative Education, XXIV ( 1–2), 21–35. Paris: UNESCO.
  • Boeren, E., Roumell, E. A., and Roessger, K. M. (2020). COVID-19 and the future of adult education: An editorial. Adult Education Quarterly.doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0741713620925029
  • Boshier, R. (1998). Edgar Faure after 25 years: down but not out. International Perspectives on Lifelong Learning, 1998, 3-20.
  • Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27-40.
  • Boyle, C. (1982). Reflections on recurrent education. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 1(1), 5-18.
  • Clark, T. (2005). Lifelong, life-wide or life sentence? Australian Journal of Adult Education, 45 (1), 46- 61.
  • Collins, M. (1996). On contemporary practice and research: Self-directed learning to critical theory. In R. Edwards, A. Hanson, & P. Raggatt (Eds.), Boundaries of Adult Learning: Adult Learners, Education, and Training (pp. 109-127). New York: Routledge
  • Corbin, J. S., and Strauss, A. A. (2008). Strategies for qualitative data analysis. Basics of Qualitative Research. Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory, 3.
  • Çatal, T. (2019). Geçmişten günümüze Türkiye’de yaşam boyu öğrenme. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek lisans Tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Delors, J., ve diğ. (1996). Learning: The treasure within. UNESCO.
  • Elfert, M. (2016, September). Revisiting the Faure report (1972) and the Delors Report (1996). Why was UNESCO’s utopian vision of lifelong learning an “unfailure”. In ESREA Triennial Conference Maynooth, Ireland.
  • Faure, E., Herrera, F., Kaddoura, A.R., Lopes, H., Petrovsky, A. V., Rahnema, M., ve Ward, F. C. (1972). Learning to be: The world of education today and tomorrow. UNESCO.
  • Field, J. (2001). Lifelong education. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 20(1-2), 3-15.
  • Gelpi , E. (1984). Lifelong Education: opportunities and obstacles. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 3 (2), 79- 87.
  • Gray, P. (2008). A brief history of education. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/ freedom-learn/200808/brief-history-education adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Güneş, F., ve Deveci, T. (2020). Yetişkin eğitimi ve hayat boyu öğrenme. Ankara: PegemAKademi.
  • Holford, J., ve Jarvis, P. (2000). The learning society. Handbook of Adult and Continuing Education, 643-659.
  • Hong Kong Eğitim Komisyonu [Education Commission Hong Kong]. (2000) Learning for life, learning through life. reform proposals for the education system in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Government Printer.
  • Illeris, K. (2004). A model for learning in working life. Journal of Workplace Learning. 16(8).
  • Jackson, N. J. (Ed.). (2011). Learning for a complex world: A lifewide concept of learning, development and achievement. [online] AuthorHouse Publishing. https://www.lifewideeducation.uk/learning-for-a-complex-world.html adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Jackson, N. J. (2012). Lifewide learning: History of an idea. Lifewide learning, education & personal development. E-book, 1-30.
  • Jackson, N.,J. (2014). Ecology of lifewide learning & personal development. http://www.normanjackson.co.uk/uploads/1/0/8/4/10842717/ecology_of_learning_and_development_handout.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Jarvis, P. (2004). Adult education and lifelong learning: Theory and practice. Routledge.
  • Jarvis, P. (2006). Towards a comprehensive theory of human learning (Vol. 1). Psychology Press. Routledge.
  • Kang, B. (2021). How the COVID-19 pandemic is reshaping the education service. The Future of Service Post-COVID-19 Pandemic, Volume 1, 15.
  • Karasar. N. (2002). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. 11. Basım, Nobel Yayınları, Ankara, Turkey:183.
  • Kaygın, H. (2020). Kavram ve bağlam. (H. Kaygın, İ. Ç. Ulus, B. Çukurbaşı, Eds.). Hayat Boyu Öğrenme. PegemAkademi, (1-15).
  • Kıvrak, E. Y. (2007). Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye’de yaşam boyu öğrenme politikaları ve istihdam ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü Eğitim Yönetimi ve Politikası Anabilimdalı Eğitim Ekonomisi Bilim Dalı.
  • Kilis, S. (2019). Hayat boyu öğrenmenin tarihsel gelişimi. (M. Güçlü, Ed.). Yetişkin Eğitimi ve Hayat Boyu Öğrenme. PegemAkademik, (146- 159).
  • Knowles, M. S. (1972). Toward a model of lifelong education. Working paper for consultative group on “concept of lifelong education and its ımplications for school curriculum”. UNESCO, Institute for Education, Hamburg, Oct. 9-12, 1972.
  • Lindeman, C.E. (1969). Halk eğitiminin anlamı. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, Ankara.
  • Lopes, H., ve McKay, V. (2020) Adult learning and education as a tool to contain pandemics: The COVID-19 experience. International Review of Education, 66, 575–602, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-020-09843-0
  • Lowe, John. (1985). Dünyada yetişkin eğitimine toplu bakış. (Çeviren: Turhan Oğuzkan), Unesco Türkiye Milli Komisyonu, Ankara.
  • Luchtenberg, S. (Ed.). (2004). Migration, education and change. London: Routledge.
  • Mahiroğlu, A. (2005). Avrupa birliği ülkelerinde yeni eğitim politikaları yaşam boyu öğrenme. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 33(167), 71-82.
  • Merriam, S. B., Caffarella, R. S., ve Baumgartner, L. M. (2007). Learning in adulthood: A comprehensive guide. John Wiley& Sons, Inc.
  • Miller, R. (1997) Economic flexibility and social cohesion. OECD Observer, 207, 24-27.
  • Miser, R. (2020a). Türkiye’de yetişkin eğitimi. (R. Miser, Ed.). Yaşamboyu Öğrenme ve Yetişkin Eğitimi. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, (59-88).
  • Miser, R. (2020b). Yaşamboyu ve yaşamgenişliğinde öğrenme. (R. Miser, Ed.). Yaşamboyu Öğrenme ve Yetişkin Eğitimi. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, (3-16).
  • Mocker, D. W., ve Spear, G. E. (1982). Lifelong learning: Formal, nonformal, informal, and self-directed. Columbus, OH: ERIC Clearinghouse on Adult, Career, and Vocational Education.
  • Moll, L. C., ve Gonzalez, N. (2004). Engaging life: A funds-of-knowledge approach to multicultural education. In J. A. Banks ve C. A. M. Banks (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Multicultural Education (2nd ed., pp. 699-715). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Mutlu, M. (2014a). Çoklu cihazlı ve çoklu algılayıcılı yaşam günlüğü ile öğrenme deneyimlerinin yakalanması için bir çerçeve önerisi. Asya Öğretim Dergisi, 2(1 (Özel)), 1-17.
  • Mutlu, M. E. (2014b). Öğrenme deneyimlerinin yorumlanması. Eğitim ve Öğretim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3 (4), ISSN: 2146-9199.
  • Navracsics, T. (2019). Foreword. Key Competences for Lifelong Learning. European Commission. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
  • OECD.[Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development- Ekonomik Kalkınma ve İşbirliği Örgütü]. (1973). Recurrent education: A strategy for lifelong learning, Paris: OECD.
  • OECD. (1996). Lifelong learning for all. Paris: OECD.
  • OECD. (2005). The definition and selection of key competencies: Executive summary. Paris, France: OECD.
  • OECD. (2007). Understanding the social outcomes of learning. Paris: OECD. http://ul.fcpe.rueil.free.fr/IMG/pdf/9607061E.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • OECD. (2018). The future of education and skills Education 2030.The Future we want. https://www.oecd.org/education/2030/E2030%20Position%20Paper%20 (05.04.2018).pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • OECD. (2021). Skills survey. About PIAAC. http://www.oecd.org/skills/piaac/about/#d .en.481111 aresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Ouane, A. (2009). UNESCO’s drive for lifelong learning. In P. Jarvis (Ed.), International Handbook of Lifelong Learning (pp. 302–311). London/New York: Routledge.
  • Önal, İ. (2010). Tarihsel değişim sürecinde yaşam boyu öğrenme ve okuryazarlık: Türkiye deneyimi. Bilgi Dünyası, 11(1), 101-121.
  • Power, C. N., ve Maclean, R. (2013). Lifelong learning: Meaning, challenges, and opportunities. In skills development for inclusive and sustainable growth in developing Asia-Pacific (pp. 29-42). Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Poyraz, H., ve Titrek, O. (2013). Türkiye’de hayat boyu öğrenmenin geliştirilmesi. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Osman-Titrek/publication/303078299_DEVELOPMENT_OF_LIFELONG_LEARNING_IN_TURKEY/links/5736f7cc08ae9ace840bd310/DEVELOPMENT-OF-LIFELONG-LEARNING-IN-TURKEY.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Reischmann, J. (1986). Learning" en passant": The forgotten dimension. http://reischmannfam.de.w012a1fd.kasserver.com/lit/1986-AAACE-Hollywood.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Reischmann, J. (2004). International and comparative adult education: A German perspective. PAACE Journal of Lifelong Learning, 13, 19-38.
  • Reischmann, J. (2014): Lifelong and Lifewide Learning - a Perspective. In: Suwithida Charungkaittikul (Ed.): Lifelong Education and Lifelong Learning in Thailand. Bangkok, p. 286-309.
  • Rubenson, K. (1994). Lifelong learning: Ideology or reality. Inaugural Speech at the UNESCO Conference on Lifelong Learning.
  • Schulze, G. (1992). Die erlebnisgesellschaft [The experience society]. Frankfurt am Main: Campus.
  • Schugurensky, D. (2000). The forms of informal learning: Towards a conceptualization of the field. www.oise.utoronto.ca/depts/sese/csew/nall/res/19formsofinformal.htm adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Singh, A. S., Venkataramani, B., ve Ambarkhane, D. (2021). Post-pandemic penury of the financially marginalized in India: Coping with the new normal. The Future of Service Post-COVID-19 Pandemic, Volume, 201.
  • Skolverket [İsveç Ulusal Eğitim Ajansı]. (2000). Lifelong learning and lifewide learning Stockholm. www.skolverket.se/ sb/d/193/url/.../pdf638.pdf%3Fk%3D638 adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Smith, J., ve Spurling, A. (1999). Lifelong Learning: Riding the Tiger. Cassell Studies in Lifelong Learning. Cassell, 370 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY 10017-6550.
  • Smith, A.L. (1919). Adult education committee final report. Department of Adult Education, University of Nottingham (Reprinted).
  • Tuckett, A. (2017). The rise and fall of life-wide learning for adults in England, International Journal of Lifelong Education, 36:1-2, 230-249, doi: 10.1080/02601370.2017.1274546
  • UIL. [UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning-Yaşam Boyu Öğrenme Enstitüsü]. (2015). Technical note. Lifelong learning. https://uil.unesco.org/fileadmin/keydocuments/LifelongLearning/en/UNESCOTechNotesLLL.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • UIL. (2020a). COVID-19: It’s time to prioritize adult education. Hamburg: UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning. https://thelifelonglearningblog.uil.unesco.org/tag/learning-cities/ adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • UIL. (2020b). The UNESCO global network of learning cities welcomes 54 new member cities from 27 countries. 23 September 2020. Hamburg: UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning. https:// uil.unesco.org adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • UIL. (2021). International Conferences on Adult Education (CONFINTEA). https://uil.unesco.org/adult-education/confintea adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • UNESCO, 5th International Conference on Adult Education. (1997). Final Report. Hamburg, Germany. https://uil.unesco.org/adult-education/confintea/5th-international-conference-adult-education-hamburg-germany-1997-final adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Webb, S., Holford, J., Hodge, S., Milana, M., ve Waller, R. (2020). Learning cities and implications for adult education research. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 39:5-6, 423-427, doi: 10.1080/02601370.2020.1853937
  • Yıldırım, A., ve Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. 10. Basım, Seçkin Yayınları, Ankara, Türkiye: 243.
Toplam 83 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Alan Eğitimleri
Bölüm Derleme Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gulden Akın 0000-0002-7875-5898

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ağustos 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

APA Akın, G. (2022). Yaşam Seyrindeki Öğrenme Yolları: Yaşam Boyu, Yaşam Genişliğinde ve Yaşam Derinliğinde. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences (JFES), 55(2), 567-599. https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.917069
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