DTÖ HUKUKU UYGULAMASINDA AYRIMCILIK YAPMAMA İLKESİ

Yıl 2010, Cilt: 59 Sayı: 2, 183 - 242, 01.06.2010

Talat Kaya

https://doi.org/10.1501/Hukfak_0000001597

Öz

Uluslararası alanda çok taraflı ticaret sisteminin hukuki temeli 1994 yılında imzalanan Dünya Ticaret Örgütü (DTÖ) Anlaşması1 ve ekinde yer alan Anlaşmalar (DTÖ Anlaşmaları) tarafından belirlenmektedir. DTÖ,
1947 yılında geçici olarak uygulamaya konulan ve 1994 yılına kadar
uygulanan Gümrük Tarifeleri ve Ticaret Genel Anlaşması’nın (GATT
1947) yerini almıştır. Bununla birlikte, DTÖ Anlaşması, GATT 1947
hükümlerini yürürlükten kaldırmamış, tam tersine 1947 sonrasında
yapılan müzakere turları ile kaydedilen gelişmeleri de içerecek şekilde,
GATT 1994 altında bünyesine katmıştır. DTÖ Anlaşması’nın yürürlüğe
girmesi ile birlikte dünya ticareti, DTÖ şemsiyesi altında yer verilen ve
yaklaşık 60 anlaşma, ek, mutabakat ve karardan oluşan hukuki bir zemin
üstünde şekillenmiştir.
Söz konusu hukuki yapının temel yapıtaşını ise Ayrımcılık
Yapmama İlkesi oluşturmaktadır. En Çok Kayrılan Ülke ve Ulusal
Muamele kurallarından oluşan bu ilkenin tanımı ve uygulaması basit gibi
gözükmekle beraber, uygulamanın bu ölçüde basit olmadığı Panel ve
Temyiz Organı raporları incelendiğinde açıkça görülmektedir. Diğer
yandan, söz konusu kurallardan sapmaya olanak sağlayan istisna
kurallarının varlığı uygulamayı daha da güçleştirmektedir.
Bu çerçevede, DTÖ’ye 26 Mart 1995 tarihinde üye olan Türkiye
açısından Ayrımcılık Yapmama İlkesi’nin DTÖ hukukundaki
uygulamasının anlaşılması gerek dış ticarete ilişkin mevzuatın
hazırlanması ve gerekse Türkiye’nin taraf olabileceği muhtemel bir
panelde haklarımızın savunulması açısından önem taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

DTÖ Hukuku, Ayrımcılık Yapmama İlkesi, En Çok Kayrılan Ülke Kuralı, Ulusal Muamele Kuralı

The principle of Nondiscrimination in WTO Law

Öz

The legal basis of the multilateral trading system in the international arena is determined by the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its Annex Agreements (The WTO Agreements). The WTO superseded the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT 1947), which had been put into place provisionally, but applied until 1994. Nevertheless, provisions of the 1947 GATT agreement were not revoked by the WTO Agreement; on the contrary, together with the developments made during the negotiation rounds made after 1947, they were incorporated into the 1994 WTO Agreements. With the entry into force of the WTO Agreemenst, world trade has been shaped on a legal basis, consisting of about 60 agreements, annexes, understandings and decisions provided under the WTO umbrella. The principle of nondiscrimination forms the basis of this legal structure. Although the definition and application of this principle, which is composed of the Most Favored Nation (MFN) and National Treatment rules, seems simple, the complexity of the implementation is realized apparently when the Panel and Appellate Body reports are examined. In addition, existence of the exceptions, leading to deviation from these rules, makes the implementation more complex. In this regard, understanding the application of the nondiscrimination principle in WTO law is crucial for Turkey, which joined the WTO on 26 March 1995, when preparing its legislation on foreign trade and defending its rights in a possible panel

Anahtar Kelimeler

WTO Law, Non-discrimination Principle, Most Favoured Nation (MFN) Rule, National Treatment Rule

Kaynakça

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