The Formation of the Discipline of the History of Religions in France within the Context of the Catholic-Secular Controversy

Yıl 2012, , 111 - 136, 01.04.2012

Ramazan Adıbelli

https://doi.org/10.1501/Ilhfak_0000001098

Cited By: 2

Öz

The Formation of the Discipline of the History of Religions in France within the Context of the Catholic-Secular Controversy When delineating the History of Religions, Friedrich Max Müller‟s Introduction to the Science of Religion (1883) is generally taken as a starting point and the historical development of this discipline from this date onward is chronologically presented. This approach not only does not sufficiently emphasize the fact that History of Religions emerged and was institutionalized in each country under conditions which were peculiar to it, but also gives the impression that this discipline has gone through common developmental phases. In fact, since History of Religions emerged in Europe in historical, social and cultural contexts that varied from country to country, as is the case in other scientific disciplines, it is viewed in different ways. For instance, the notion of History of Religions, its function, and the way in which it was perceived in academic circles in France are very different from other European countries. Thus the aim of this study is to clarify the causes of these differences by tracing the formative processes of History of Religions in France with special reference to the CatholicSecular conflict

Anahtar Kelimeler

History of Religions, France, Catholic Church, Laicism, Theology, Protestantism

Katolik-laik tartışması bağlamında Fransa’da dinler tarihi disiplininin oluşum süreci

Öz

Bilimsel bir disiplin olarak Dinler Tarihinin tarihi betimlenirken genellikle Friedrich Max Müller‟in Introduction to the Science of Religion (1873) adlı eseri başlangıç noktası olarak kabul edilmekte ve bu tarihten başlanarak bu disiplinin tarihsel gelişim safhaları kronolojik sırayla ele alınmaktadır. Bu yaklaşım, Dinler Tarihinin her ülkede kendine has şartlar altında geliştiği ve kurumsallaştığı gerçeğine yeterince vurgu yapmadığı gibi sanki bu disiplin ortak bir gelişim safhasından geçmiş izlenimi uyandırmaktadır. Oysa diğer bilim dallarında olduğu gibi Dinler Tarihi, Avrupa‟da ülkeden ülkeye farklı tarihsel, sosyal ve kültürel bağlamlarda ortaya çıktığı için doğal olarak da farklı şekillerde değerlendirilmektedir. Örneğin Fransa‟daki Dinler Tarihi anlayışı, bu disiplininin işlevi ve akademik camiada onun algılanış biçimi, diğer Avrupa ülkelerinden oldukça farklıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Fransa‟da Dinler Tarihi disiplininin oluşum sürecini ortaya koyarak bu farklılıkların nedenlerini açıklığa kavuşturmaktır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dinler Tarihi, Fransa, Katolik Kilisesi, Laiklik, Teoloji, Protestanlık

Kaynakça

• Alphandéry, Paul. “Albert Réville,” Revue de l’histoire des religions 27:54 (1906), ss.401- 423.
• Antes, Peter. “A Survey of New Approaches to the Study of Religion in Europe,” Peter Antes, Armin W. Geertz & R. R. Warn (ed.), New Approaches to the Study of Religion, c.1: Regional, Critical, and Historical Approaches (Berlin & New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2004) içinde, ss.43-61.
• Baubérot, Jean. “Avant-propos,” Jean Baubérot ve diğerleri (ed.), Cent ans de sciences religieuses en France (Paris: Cerf, 1987) içinde, ss.9-14.
• ---------. “Deux institutions de science des religions en France: la Section des Sciences Religieuses de l'Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), le Groupe de Sociologie des Religions,” Gerard A. Wiegers & Jan G. Platvoet (ed.), Modern Societies & the Science of Religions: Studies in Honour of Lammert Leertouwer (Leiden: Brill, 2002) içinde, ss.55-66.
• Baubérot, Jean ve diğerleri (ed.), Cent ans de sciences religieuses en France. Paris: Cerf, 1987.
• Birnbaum, Norman. “Des philosophies des religions à une sociologie des religions,” Henri Desroche & Jean Seguy (ed.), Introduction aux sciences humaines des religions (Paris: Cujas, 1970) içinde, ss.259-279.
• Borgeaud, Philippe. “L'histoire des religions à Genève: Origines et métamorphoses,” ASDIWAL 1 (2006), ss.13-22.
• André Burguière, “L‟esprit et la lettre. Les cent ans de la Ve Section,” Nouvel Observateur, n° 1142 du 26-08-1986 au 02-10-1986.
• Burnouf, Émile. La Science des religions. Paris, 1885.
• Cabanel, Patrick. “Les sciences religieuses en Europe et la formation de Franz Cumont,” Mélanges de l'Ecole française de Rome. Italie et Méditerranée 111:2 (1999), ss.611-621.
• Casadio, Giovanni. “Historiography: Western Europe [Further Considerations],” Encyclopedia of Religion (New York, 2005), c.6, ss. 4042-4052.
• Chantepie de la Saussaye, P.-D.. Manuel d’histoire des religions. Paris, 1904.
• Daughton, J. P. An Empire Divided: Religion, Republicanism, and the Making of French Colonialism, 1880–1914. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
• De Broglie, Auguste Théodore Paul. Problèmes et conclusions de l'histoire des religions. Paris, 1885.
• Deconchy, Jean-Pierre. “La psychologie des fait religieux,” Henri Desroche & Jean Seguy (ed.), Introduction aux sciences humaines des religions (Paris: Cujas, 1970) içinde.
• Despland, Michel. “Les sciences religieuses en France: des sciences que l‟on pratique mais que l‟on n‟enseigne pas,” Archives de Sciences sociales des religions 116 (2001), ss.5- 25.
• Desroche, Henri. “De la sociologie religieuse comme sociologie différentielle,” Henri Desroche & Jean Seguy (ed.), Introduction aux sciences humaines des religions (Paris: Cujas, 1970) içinde, ss.175-199.
• Frédéric Gaussen. “Cent ans de sciences religieuses,” Le Monde, jeudi 25 septembre 1986. Husser, Jean-Marie. “L'Historien des religions dans le débat public,” http://medias.formiris.org/er_512_1.pdf, 02.02.2010.
• Hutcheon, Linda & Michael Hutcheon. “Displacement and Anxiety: Empire and Opera,” Rajan, Balachandra & Elizabeth Sauer (ed.). Imperialisms: Historical and Literary Investigations, 1500–1900 (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004) içinde, ss.203-216.
• Jordan, Louis H. Comparative Religion: Its Genesis and Growth. Edinburgh, 1905.
• Kippenberg, Hans G. Á la découverte de l’Histoire des Religions. Paris: Editions Salvator, 1999.
• Kitagawa, Joseph M. “Amerika‟da Dinler Tarihi,” terc. Mehmet Şahin. Dinler Tarihinde Metodoloji Denemeleri (Konya: Din Bilimleri Yayınları, 2003) içinde, ss.13-40.
• Langlois, Claude. “Aux origines des sciences religieuses en France : la laïcisation du savoir (1810-1886)” http://eduscol.education.fr/cid46335/aux-origines-des-sciences-religieuses- en-france%A0-la-laicisation-du-savoir-1810-1886.html (31.01.2010).
• Leturcq, Jean-Gabriel. “Guimet Émile,” François Pouillon (ed.), Dictionnaire des orientalistes de langue française (Paris: Karthala, 2008) içinde, ss.471-472.
• Lichtenberger, F.A. “Préface,” Encyclopédie des sciences religieuses (Paris, 1877), c.1, ss.i- viii.
• Littré, Émile. “De la théologie considérée comme science positive et de sa place dans l‟enseignement laïque par Maurice Vernes,” La Revue de philosophie positive 22 (1879), ss.365-371.
• Meslin, Michel. “Histoire ou science des religions: Le cas français,” Gerard A. Wiegers & Jan G. Platvoet (ed.), Modern Societies & the Science of Religions: Studies in Honour of Lammert Leertouwer (Leiden: Brill, 2002) içinde, ss.41-54.
• Molendijk, Arie L. “Theology: The Institutionalization of the Science of Religion in the Netherlands,” Arie L. Molendijk & Peter Pels (ed.), Religion in the Making: The Emergence of the Sciences of Religion (Leiden: Brill, 1998) içinde, ss.67-96.
• ---------. The Emergence of the Science of Religion in the Netherlands. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2005.
• Müller, F. Max. Introduction to the Science of Religion. Londra, 1873.
• O‟Brien, Peter. European Perceptions of Islam and America from Saladin to George W. Bush: Europe’s Fragile Ego Uncovered. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.
• Peisson, Zéphirin. “A nos lecteurs,” Revue des religions 1:1 (1889), ss.v-viii.
• Pope, Maurice. The Story of Decipherment: From Egyptian Hieroglyphs to Maya Script. Londra: Thames & Hudson, 1999.
• Poulat, Émile. “L‟institution des „sciences religieuses‟ en France,” Jean Baubérot ve diğerleri (ed.), Cent ans de sciences religieuses en France (Paris: Cerf, 1987) içinde, ss.49-78.
• ---------. “Le développement institutionnel des sciences religieuses en France,” Henri Desroche & Jean Seguy (ed.), Introduction aux sciences humaines des religions (Paris: Cujas, 1970) içinde, ss.79-98.
• Poulat, Émile & Odile Poulat, “Le développement institutionnel des sciences religieuses en France,” Archives des sciences sociales des religions 21:1 (1966), ss.23-24.
• Puech, Henri-Charles & Paul Vignaux. “La science des religions en France,” Henri Desroche & Jean Seguy (ed.), Introduction aux sciences humaines des religions (Paris: Cujas, 1970) içinde, ss.9-35.
• Réville, Albert. Prolégomènes de l’histoire des religions. Paris, 1886.
• Réville, Jean. “Avis aux lecteurs,” Revue de l’histoire des religions 5:9 (1884), ss.1-2.
• ---------. “Leçon d‟ouverture du cours d‟histoire des religions au Collège de France pronocée le 17 avril 1907,” Revue de l’histoire des religions 28:55 (1907), ss.188-207.
• ---------. Les phases successives de l’histoire des religions. Paris, 1909.
• Reymond, Bernard. “L‟influence allemande sur la pensée protestante en France,” Laval théologique et philosophique 45:2 (1989), ss.243-254.
• Said, Edward W. L’Orientalisme. L’Orient cree par l’Occident. Paris: Seuil, 2004.
• Seguy, Jean. “Panorama des sciences des religions,” Henri Desroche & Jean Seguy (ed.), Introduction aux sciences humaines des religions (Paris: Cujas, 1970) içinde, ss. 37-52.
• Sharpe, Eric J. “The Study of Religion in Historical Perspective,” John R. Hinnells (ed.), Routledge Companion to the Study of Religion (Londra & New York: Routledge, 2005) içinde, ss.21-45.
• ---------. Comparative Religion: A History. Londra: Duckworth, 1986.
• Stausberg, Michael. “The study of religion(s) in Western Europe (I) - Prehistory and History until World War II,” Religion 37 (2007), ss.294-318.
• Tiele, C.P. “Religions,” The Encyclopaedia Britannica (Chicago, 1892), c.20, ss.358-371.
• Van Hamel. “L‟enseignement de l‟histoire des religions en Hollande,” Revue de l'histoire des religions 1:1 (1880), ss.379-385.
• Vernes, Maurice. “Introduction,” Revue de l’histoire des religions 1:1 (1880), ss.1-17.
• ---------. “La théologie considérée comme science positive et de sa place dans l‟enseignement laïque,” La Revue scientifique de la France et de l’étranger 8:31 (1879), ss.734-736.
• ---------. L'histoire des religions. Son esprit, sa méthode et ses divisions. Son enseignement en France et à l'étranger. Paris, 1887.
• Waardenburg, Jacques. “Din Bilimlerinin Tarihçesi,” çev. Ramazan Adıbelli, Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 16:1 (2004), ss.281-295.
• ---------. Profiles and International Developments in the Scholarly Study of Religion. Bern: Swiss Science Council, 1995.