The Securitization of Migration in Hungary through Conspiracy Theories

Öz

This study examines the securitization of migration in Hungary and its connection to conspiracy theories and populist rhetoric. The Copenhagen School's concept of securitization suggests that security issues are constructed through discourse, where certain topics are elevated to existential threats, justifying extraordinary measures. In Hungary, the government of Prime Minister Viktor Orbán has framed migration as a significant threat to Hungarian identity, culture, and values. This framing frequently relies on conspiracy theories, such as the Great Replacement and Eurabia, which claim that there is a deliberate plan to alter the demographic and cultural makeup of Europe. The study analyses Orbán's speeches and the policies his government has implemented, demonstrating a pattern where migration is portrayed as a severe danger, legitimizing strict responses such as border fences, anti-migrant legislation, and the targeting of institutions associated with liberal ideals. These securitization processes resonate with populist ideologies that create a dichotomy between "us" and "them," fostering division and fear. To understand these processes the article defines securitization, the interplay between conspiracy theories and populist style of politics and examines the Eurabia and Great Replacement conspiracy theories and the speeches of Orbán.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Viktor Orbán
• Populism
• Conspiracy Theories
• Securitization
• Illegal Migration

Macaristan'da Göçün Komplo Teorileri Aracılığıyla Güvenlikleştirilmesi

Öz

Bu çalışma Macaristan'da göçün güvenlikleştirilmesini ve bunun komplo teorileri ve popülist retorikle bağlantısını incelemektedir. Kopenhag Okulu'nun güvenlikleştirme kavramı, güvenlik sorunlarının söylem yoluyla inşa edildiğini ve belirli konuların olağanüstü önlemleri haklı çıkaracak şekilde varoluşsal tehditlere dönüştürüldüğünü öne sürmektedir. Macaristan'da Başbakan Viktor Orbán hükümeti, göçü, Macar kimliği, kültürü ve değerlerine yönelik önemli bir tehdit olarak çerçevelemiştir. Bu çerçeveleme sıklıkla, Avrupa'nın demografik ve kültürel yapısını değiştirmeye yönelik kasıtlı bir plan olduğunu iddia eden Büyük Yer Değiştirme ve Eurabia gibi komplo teorilerine dayanmaktadır. Çalışma, Orbán hükümetinin uyguladığı politikaları analiz ederek, göçün ciddi bir tehlike olarak tasvir edildiği, sınır tel örgüleri, göçmen karşıtı yasalar ve liberal ideallerle ilişkili kurumların hedef alınması gibi katı tepkileri meşrulaştıran bir model ortaya koymaktadır. Bu güvenlikleştirme süreçleri, "biz" ve "onlar" arasında bir ikilik yaratarak bölünmeyi ve korkuyu besleyen popülist ideolojilerle örtüşmektedir. Bu süreçleri anlamak için makalede güvenlikleştirme, komplo teorileri ve popülist siyaset tarzı arasındaki etkileşim tanımlanmakta ve Eurabia ve Büyük Yer Değiştirme komplo teorileri ile Orbán'ın konuşmaları incelenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Viktor Orbán
• Popülizm
• Komplo Teorileri
• Güvenlikleştirme
• Yasadışı Göç

Kaynakça

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