Nitel Araştırmaların Analizi: Meta-Sentez

Öz

Meta-sentez, nitel araştırma bulgularının analiz edilip sentezlenmesi ile daha geniş ve üst bir bakış açısı sağlayan bir araştırma yöntemidir. Son yıllarda meta-sentez kapsamında yürütülen araştırmaların sayısı artmakta fakat kavram kullanımı, yöntem ve araştırma sürecinde uyuşmazlıklar görülmektedir. Bu karmaşıklığı gidermek adına bu çalışmada öncelikle meta-sentez kavramı tanıtılmıştır. Ardından meta-sentez araştırma yönteminin alt türleri ele alınmıştır. Daha sonra meta-sentez yaklaşımında en sık kullanılan meta-etnografı yaklaşımı esas alınarak araştırma süreci aktarılmıştır. Son olarak mevcut meta-sentez araştırmaları hakkında bilgi verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nitel araştırma
• meta-sentez
• araştırma yöntemleri
• meta-etnografi

Kaynakça

1. AlOmeir, O., Patel, N., ve Donyai, P. (2020). Adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy among breast cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-synthesis of the qualitative literature using grounded theory. Supportive Care in Cancer, 28(11), 5075-5084. doi: 10.1007/s00520-020-05585-9
2. Aspfors, J. ve Fransson, G. (2015). Research on mentor education for mentors of newly qualified teachers: A qualitative meta-synthesis. Teaching and Teacher Education, 48, 75–86. doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2015.02.004
3. Atkins, S., Lewin, S., Smith, H., Engel, M., Fretheim, A., ve Volmink, J. (2008). Conducting a meta-ethnography of qualitative literature: lessons learnt. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 8(1), 21. doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-8-21
4. Bair, C. R., ve Haworth, J. G. (2004). Doctoral student attrition and persistence: A meta-synthesis of research. John C. Smart (Ed.), Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research (pp. 481–534) içinde. Dordrecht: Springer Science & Business Media.
5. Barnett-page, E. ve Thomas, J. (2009). Methods for the synthesis of qualitative research: A critical review. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 9(1), 59. doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-9-59
6. Bearman, M. ve Dawson, P. (2013). Qualitative synthesis and systematic review in health professions education: Qualitative synthesis and systematic review. Medical Education, 47(3), 252–260. doi: 10.1111/medu.12092
7. Bondas, T. ve Hall, E. O. C. (2007). Challenges in approaching metasynthesis research. Qualitative Health Research, 17(1), 113–121. doi: 10.1177/1049732306295879
8. Cahill, M., Robinson, K., Pettigrew, J., Galvin, R. ve Stanley, M. (2018). Qualitative synthesis: a guide to conducting a meta-ethnography. Br J Occup Ther, 81, 129–137. doi: 10.1177/0308022617745016

9. Campbell, R., Pound, P., Morgan, M., Daker-White, G., Britten, N., Pill, R., ve Donovan. (2011). Evaluating meta ethnography: systematic analysis and synthesis of qualitative research. Health Technology Assessment, 5(43), 1–164. doi:10.3310/hta15430.
10. Campbell, R., Pound, P., Pope, C., Britten, N., Pill, R., Morgan, M., ve Donovan, J. (2003). Evaluating meta-ethnography: a synthesis of qualitative research on lay experiences of diabetes and diabetes care. Social Science & Medicine, 56(4), 671–684. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00064-3
11. Chenail, R. J., George, S. S., Wulff, D., Duffy, M., Scott, K. W., ve Tomm, K. (2012). Clients’ relational conceptions of conjoint couple and family therapy quality: A grounded formal theory. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 38(1), 241–264. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00246.x
12. Classen, S. ve Alvarez, L. (2015). Evidence-informed reviews-moving occupational therapy practice and science forward. OTJR (Thorofare N J). 35, 199–203. doi: 10.1177/1539449215607431
13. Curtin, M., Savage, E., Murphy, M., ve Leahy-Warren, P. (2022). A meta-synthesis of the perspectives and experiences of healthcare professionals on the humanisation of childbirth using a meta-ethnographic approach. Women and Birth: Journal of the Australian College of Midwives, 35(4), e369–e378. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2021.07.002
14. Dinçer, S. (2018). Content analysis in scientific research: Meta-analysis, meta-synthesis, and descriptive content analysis. Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 7(1), 176–190. doi: 10.14686/buefad.363159
15. Dixon-Woods, M., Agarwal, S., Jones, D., Young, B. ve Sutton, A. (2005). Synthesising qualitative and quantitative evidence: a review of possible methods. Journal of Health Services Research & Policy, 10(1), 45–53. doi: 10.1258/1355819052801804
16. Dixon-Woods, M., Booth, A., ve Sutton, A. J. (2007). Synthesizing qualitative research: A review of published reports. Qualitative Research: QR, 7(3), 375–422. doi: 10.1177/1468794107078517
17. Dixon-Woods, M., Cavers, D., Agarwal, S., Annandale, E., Arthur, A., Harvey, J., … Sutton, A. J. (2006). Conducting a critical interpretive synthesis of the literature on access to healthcare by vulnerable groups. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 6(1), 35. doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-6-35
18. Doyle, L. H. (2003). Synthesis through meta-ethnography: paradoxes, enhancements, and possibilities. Qualitative Research, 3(3), 321–344. doi: 10.1177/1468794103033003
19. Eaves, Y. D. (2001). A synthesis technique for grounded theory data analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 35(5), 654–663. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2001.01897.x
20. Edwards, J., ve Kaimal, G. (2016). Using meta-synthesis to support application of qualitative methods findings in practice: A discussion of meta-ethnography, narrative synthesis, and critical interpretive synthesis. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 51, 30–35. doi: 10.1016/j.aip.2016.07.003
21. Feast, A., Orrell, M., Charlesworth, G., Poland, F., Featherstone, K., Melunsky, N., ve Moniz-Cook, E. (2018). Using meta-ethnography to synthesize relevant studies: Capturing the bigger picture in dementia with challenging behavior within families Erişim: https://methods.sagepub.com/case/meta-ethnography-synthesize-relevant-studies-dementia-challenging-behavior
22. Finfgeld, D. L. (1998). Courage in middle-aged adults with long-term health concerns. Revue Canadienne de Recherche En Sciences Infirmieres [The Canadian Journal of Nursing Research], 30(1), 153–169. Erişim adresi: https://cjnr.archive.mcgill.ca/article/view/1430
23. Finfgeld-Connett, D. (2018). A guide to qualitative meta-synthesis. New York: Routledge.
24. France, E. F., Cunningham, M., Ring, N., Uny, I., Duncan, E. A. S., Jepson, R. G., … Noyes, J. (2019a). Improving reporting of meta-ethnography: the eMERGe reporting guidance. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 19(1), 25. doi: 10.1186/s12874-018-0600-0
25. France, E. F., Uny, I., Ring, N., Turley, R. L., Maxwell, M., Duncan, E. A., … Noyes, J. (2019b). A methodological systematic review of metaethnography conduct to articulate the complex analytical phases. BMC Med Res Methodol, 19(35), 2-18. doi: 10.1186/s12874-019-0670-7
26. Glaser, B. ve Strauss, A. (1971) Status Passage. New York: Routledge
27. Gümüş, S. (2018). Nitel araştırmaların sistematik derlemesi: Meta-Sentez. Kadir Beycioğlu, Niyazi Özer, Yaşar Kondakçı (Ed.) Eğitim Yönetiminde Araştırma (pp. 533-551) içinde. Ankara: PEGEM Akademi.
28. Hannes, K., ve Macaitis, K. (2012). A move to more systematic and transparent approaches in qualitative evidence synthesis: update on a review of published papers. Qualitative Research: QR, 12(4), 402–442. doi: 10.1177/1468794111432992
29. Heys, S., Downe, S. ve Thomson, G. (2021). “I know my place”; A meta-ethnographic synthesis of disadvantaged and vulnerable women’s negative experiences of maternity care in high-income countries. Midwifery, 103(103123), 103123. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2021.103123
30. İspir, B. ve Yıldız, A. (2021). Türkiye’de Öğrenme Amaçlı Yazma Hakkında Yapılan Araştırmaların Analizi: Bir Meta-Sentez Çalışması. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 18, 3396–3447. doi: 10.26466/opus.906264
31. Jessen, R. S., Haraldsen, I. R. H., ve Stänicke, E. (2021). Navigating in the dark: Meta-synthesis of subjective experiences of gender dysphoria amongst transgender and gender non-conforming youth. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 281(114094), 114094. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114094
32. Johannessen, B., Flateland, S., Haraldstad, K., Skisland, A., ve Rohde, G. (2022). Being an ethnic minority nursing student-A meta synthesis. Journal of Professional Nursing, 40, 111–121. doi: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2022.03.011
33. Kearney, M. H. (2001). Enduring love: a grounded formal theory of women’s experience of domestic violence. Research in Nursing & Health, 24(4), 270–282. doi: 10.1002/nur.1029
34. Kearney, MH (1998a). Ready to wear: Discovering grounded formal theory. Research in Nursing & Health, 21, 179-186. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1098-240x(199804)21:2<179::aid-nur8>3.0.co;2-g
35. Kearney, MH (1998b). Truthful self-nurturing: A grounded formal theory of women’s addiction recovery. Qualitative Health Research, 8, 495–512. doi: 10.1177/104973239800800405
36. Kıncal, R. Y., ve Beypınar, D. (2015). Ders araştırması uygulamasının matematik öğretmenlerinin mesleki gelişimlerine ve öğrenme sürecinin geliştirilmesine etkisi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(33), 186–210. doi: 10.21764/efd.73026
37. Malpass, A., Shaw, A., Sharp, D., Walter, F., Feder, G., Ridd, M., ve Kessler, D. (2009). Medication career” or “moral career”? The two sides of managing antidepressants: a meta-ethnography of patients’ experience of antidepressants. Social Science & Medicine, 68(1), 154–168. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.09.068
38. Mayor, R., Gunn, S., Reuber, M., ve Simpson, J. (2022). Experiences of stigma in people with epilepsy: A meta-synthesis of qualitative evidence. Seizure: The Journal of the British Epilepsy Association, 94, 142–160. doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2021.11.021
39. McKibbon, K. A., Wilczynski, N. L. ve Haynes, R. B. (2006). Developing optimal search strategies for retrieving qualitative studies in PsycINFO. Evaluation & the Health Professions, 29(4), 440–454. doi: 10.1177/0163278706293400
40. Mohammed, M. A., Moles, R. J. ve Chen, T. F. (2016). Meta-synthesis of qualitative research: the challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 38(3), 695–704. doi: 10.1007/s11096-016-0289-2
41. Nelson, A. M. (2002). A metasynthesis: Mothering other-than-normal children. Qualitative Health Research, 12(4), 515-530. doi: 10.1177/104973202129120043
42. Noblit, G. W., Hare, R. D., ve Hare, R. D. (1988). Meta-ethnography: Synthesizing qualitative studies. Newbury Park: Sage Publications.
43. Noyes J., Popay J., Pearson A. ve Hannes K. (2008) Qualitative research and Cochrane reviews. Higgins J. ve Green S. (Ed.), Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
44. Othman, N., Wong, Y. Y., Lean, Q. Y., Mohd Noor, N., ve Neoh, C. F. (2020). Factors affecting self-management among adolescents and youths with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-synthesis. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 40(101228), 101228. doi: 10.1016/j.eujim.2020.101228
45. Paterson, B. L., Thorne, S. E., Calnan, C., ve Jillings, C. (2001). Meta-study of qualitative health research: a practical guide to meta-analysis and meta-synthesis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
46. Polat, S. ve Osman, A. (2016). Meta-sentez: Kavramsal bir çözümleme. Eğitimde Nitel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 4(2), 52–64. doi: 10.14689/issn.2148-2624.1.4c2s3m
47. Ring, N., Jepson, R., ve Ritchie, K. (2011). Methods of synthesizing qualitative research studies for health technology assessment. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care, 27(4), 384–390. doi: 10.1017/S0266462311000389
48. Ritzer, G. (1990). Metatheorizing in sociology. Sociological Forum, 5(1), 3-15. doi: 10.1007/BF01115134
49. Ronkainen, N., Wiltshire, G., ve Willis, M. (2022). Meta-study. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 15(1), 226–241. doi: 10.1080/1750984x.2021.1931941
50. Sánchez, T. E., Matvienko-Sikar, K., Linehan, L., O’donoghue, K., Byrne, M., ve Meaney, S. (2022). Facilitators and barriers to substance-free pregnancies in high-income countries: A meta-synthesis of qualitative research. Women and Birth, 35(2), e99–e110. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2021.04.010
51. Sandelowski, M., Docherty, S. ve Emden, C. (1997). Focus on qualitative methods. Qualitative metasynthesis: issues and techniques. Research in Nursing & Health, 20(4), 365–371. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1098-240x(199708)20:4<365::aid-nur9>3.0.co;2-e
52. Sandelowski, Margarete, ve Barroso, J. (2003). Classifying the findings in qualitative studies. Qualitative Health Research, 13(7), 905–923. doi: 10.1177/1049732303253488
53. Sattar, R., Lawton, R., Panagioti, M., ve Johnson, J. (2021). Meta-ethnography in healthcare research: a guide to using a meta-ethnographic approach for literature synthesis. BMC Health Services Research, 21(1), 50. doi: 10.1186/s12913-020-06049-w
54. Scott, D. A. H., ve Grant, S. M. (2018). A meta-ethnography of the facilitators and barriers to successful implementation of patient complaints processes in health-care settings. Health Expectations: An International Journal of Public Participation in Health Care and Health Policy, 21(2), 508–517. doi: 10.1111/hex.12645
55. Seale, C. (1999). The quality of qualitative research. London: SAGE Publications.
56. Siau, K., ve Long, Y. (2005). Synthesizing e-government stage models-a meta-synthesis based on meta-ethnography approach. Industrial Management & Data Systems. doi: 10.1108/02635570510592352
57. Stern, P., ve Harris, C. (1985). Women’s health and the self-care paradox: a model to guide self-care readiness - clash between the client and nurse. Health Care for Women International, 6, 151–163. doi: 10.1080/07399338509515689
58. Strauss, A., ve Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: grounded theory procedures and techniques. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
59. Strobel, J., ve van Barneveld, A. (2009). When is PBL more effective? A meta-synthesis of meta-analyses comparing PBL to conventional classrooms. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 3(1), 44-58. doi: 10.7771/1541-5015.1046
60. Teasdale, E., Santer, M., Geraghty, A. W. A., Little, P., ve Yardley, L. (2014). Public perceptions of non-pharmaceutical interventions for reducing transmission of respiratory infection: systematic review and synthesis of qualitative studies. BMC Public Health, 14(1), 589. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-589
61. Thomas, J. ve Harden, A. (2008). Methods for the thematic synthesis of qualitative research in systematic reviews. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 8(1), 45. doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-8-45
62. Thorne, S. (2017). Metasynthetic madness: What kind of monster have we created? Qualitative Health Research, 27(1), 3–12. doi: 10.1177/1049732316679370
63. Toye, F., Seers, K., Allcock, N., Briggs, M., Carr, E., Andrews, J., ve Barker, K. (2013a). Trying to pin down jelly’-exploring intuitive processes in quality assessment for meta-ethnography. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 13(1), 1–12. doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-13-46
64. Toye, F., Seers, K., Allcock, N., Briggs, M., Carr, E., Andrews, J., ve Barker, K. (2013b). Patients’ experiences of chronic non-malignant musculoskeletal pain: a qualitative systematic review. The British Journal of General Practice: The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 63(617), e829-41. doi: 10.3399/bjgp13X675412
65. Toye, F., Seers, K., Allcock, N., Briggs, M., Carr, E., ve Barker, K. (2014). Meta-ethnography 25 years on: Challenges and insights for synthesising a large number of qualitative studies. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 14(1), 80. doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-14-80
66. Uyanık, Y., ve Yüksel, A. (2017). Türkiye’de sağlık harcamalarının ekonomik büyümeye etkisi: bir meta-sentez çalışması. Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(12), 42–51. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/gusbd/issue/39724/368785
67. Walsh, D., ve Downe, S. (2005). Meta-synthesis method for qualitative research: a literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 50(2), 204–211. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03380.x
68. Wilczynski, N. L., Marks, S., ve Haynes, R. B. (2007). Search strategies for identifying qualitative studies in CINAHL. Qualitative Health Research, 17(5), 705–710. doi: 10.1177/1049732306294515
69. Wong, S. S.-L., Wilczynski, N. L., Haynes, R. B., ve Hedges Team. (2004). Developing optimal search strategies for detecting clinically relevant qualitative studies in MEDLINE. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 107(Pt 1), 311–316. doi: 10.3233/978-1-60750-949-3-311
70. Xie, J., He, Z., Burnett, G., ve Cheng, Y. (2021). How do mothers exchange parenting-related information in online communities? A meta-synthesis. Computers in Human Behavior, 115(106631), 106631. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106631
71. Xie, J., Ke, Q., Cheng, Y., ve Everhart, N. (2020). Meta-synthesis in library & information science research. Journal of Academic Librarianship, 46(5), 102217. doi: 10.1016/j.acalib.2020.102217
72. Zhao, S. (1991). Metatheory, Metamethod, Meta-Data-Analysis: What, Why, and How? Sociological Perspectives, 34(3), 377–390. doi: 10.2307/1389517
73. Zimmer, L. (2006). Qualitative meta-synthesis: a question of dialoguing with texts. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 53(3), 311–318. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.03721.x