Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Ruh Sağlığı ve Sorun Çözme Becerileri: Kuşaklararası Bağların Rolü

Öz

Kuşaklararası ilişkiler her daim önemli olmuş; deneyim ve bilgi aktarımı, dayanışma, psikolojik ve duygusal destek, sosyal bağlar, kimlik ve kültürel devamlılık, gelişim ve öğrenme gibi nice konuda sosyal varlık olan insanoğluna yol göstermiştir. Bu doğrultuda yürütülen çalışmanın amacı üniversite öğrencilerinin büyük ebeveynleri ile olan ilişkilerinin sorun çözme ve ruh sağlıklarına nasıl bir katkısı olabileceğini anlamaktır. Çalışmanın örneklemini yaş ortalaması 21,48 (SS = 3,28) olan 238’i kadın (%73,7) 85 erkek toplam 323 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Kişisel bilgi formunda katılımcılara cinsiyet ve yaşın haricinde büyük ebeveynleri ile geçirdikleri vakit, etkileşim tarzı ve bakım alma konusunda sorular sorularak katılımcıların büyük ebeveynleri ile olan ilişkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Bununla birlikte katılımcılara Gözden Geçirilmiş Sosyal Sorun Çözme Envanteri ile Pozitif Ruh Sağlığı Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları, büyük ebeveynleri ile olumlu ilişkileri olan üniversite öğrencilerinin sorun çözme konusunda daha başarılı olduklarını, bununla birlikte ruh sağlıklarının da yüksek olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca cinsiyet ve bakım alma ile etkileşim tarzının etkileşim (interaction) etkisi de incelenmiş ancak anlamlı bir ilişkiye rastlanmamıştır. Sonuç olarak büyük ebeveyn torun ilişkisinde torunların sorun çözme ve ruh sağlığı açısından değerlendirildiği bu çalışmadan ulaşılan veriler alandaki çalışmalarla birlikte tartışılmış ve elde edilen sonuçların alandaki boşluğu doldurarak alana katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Büyük ebeveyn
• torun
• sorun çözme
• pozitif ruh sağlığı
• gençler

Mental Health and Problem Solving Skills of University Students: The Role of Intergenerational Ties, Gender, and Interaction Styles

Öz

Intergenerational relationships have always been important and have guided humans, as social beings, in many areas such as the transfer of experience and knowledge, psychological and emotional support, development and learning. The purpose of the study was to understand how college students' relationships with their grandparents may contribute to their problem solving and mental health. The study sample consisted of 323 university students, 238 of whom were female (73.7%), and the mean age of the students was 21.48 (SD=3.28). In the personal information form, in addition to gender and age, participants were asked questions about the time they spent with their grandparents, their interaction style and receiving care, and their relationships with their grandparents were evaluated. In addition, the Revised Social Problem Solving Inventory and the Positive Mental Health Scale were applied to the participants. The findings of the study revealed that university students who have positive relationships with their grandparents are more successful in problem solving and that their mental health is also higher. In addition, the interaction effect of gender, caregiving, and interaction style was also examined, but no significant relationship was found. As a result, the data obtained from this study were discussed together with the studies conducted in the field and it was thought that the results obtained would contribute to the field by filling the gap in the field.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Grandparents
• grandchilren
• problem solving
• positive mental health
• youth

Kaynakça

1. Altan, S., & Tarhan, S. (2018). Büyükanneden toruna: Yaşamboyu öğrenme sürecinde değer ve beceri aktarımı. Bartın University Journal of Educational Research, 2(1), 26-42.
2. Arpacı, F., & Bekar, A. (2013). Çocukların büyük ebeveynleri ile etkileşimlerine ilişkin görüşleri. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(29), 11-29.
3. Attar-Schwartz, S., Tan, J. P., Buchanan, A., Flouri, E., & Griggs, J. (2009). Grandparenting and adolescent adjustment in two-parent biological, lone-parent, and step-families. Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43), 23(1), 67–75. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014383
4. Bengtson, V.L., Hayward, R.D., Zuckerman, P. and Silverstein, M. (2018), Bringing up nones: Intergenerational ınfluences and cohort trends. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 57, 258-275. https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12511
5. Bettis, J., Kakkar, S., & Chan, C. (2020). Taking access to the community: An ecological systems framework for in‐home counseling with older adults. Adultspan Journal, 19(1), 54-64. https://doi.org/10.1002/adsp.12087
6. Bronfenbrenner, U. (Ed.). (2005). Making human beings human: Bioecological perspectives on human development. Sage Publications Ltd.
7. Buchanan, A., & Rotkirch, A. (2018). Twenty-first century grandparents: Global perspectives on changing roles and consequences. Contemporary Social Science, 13(2), 131–144. https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2018.1467034
8. Celdrán, M., Triadó, C., & Villar, F. (2010). “My grandparent has dementia”. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 30(3), 332-352. https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464810368402

9. Coall, D. A., & Hertwig, R. (2010). Grandparental investment: past, present, and future. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33(1), 1–40. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X09991105
10. Çiftçi, A. (2008). Ailede yaşlı bireyler. V. Aile Şûrası Aile Destek Hizmetleri Bildirileri. T.C. Başbakanlık Aile ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Genel Müdürlüğü. Ankara.
11. Di Gessa, G., Glaser, K., & Tinker, A. (2016). The impact of caring for grandchildren on the health of grandparents in Europe: A lifecourse approach. Social Science & Medicine, 152, 166–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.01.041
12. Dunifon, R., & Bajracharya, A. (2012). The role of grandparents in the lives of youth. Journal of Family Issues, 33(9), 1168–1194. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X12444271
13. Fowler, C. (2015). The role of shared family ıdentity and future time perspective in shaping the outcomes of grandparents’ positive and negative social behaviors. Journal of Family Communication, 15(1), 20–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/15267431.2014.980822
14. Geurts, T., Poortman, A.-R., van Tilburg, T., & Dykstra, P. A. (2009). Contact Between Grandchildren and Their Grandparents in Early Adulthood. Journal of Family Issues, 30(12), 1698-1713. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X09336340
15. Hazer, O. (2012). Büyük ebeveynlerinin ergenler tarafından algılanan özelliklerini etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 29(1).
16. He, Y., Liu, C., & Luo, R. (2023). Emotional warmth and rejection parenting styles of grandparents/great grandparents and the social-emotional development of grandchildren/great grandchildren. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2), 1568. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021568
17. Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., LaPierre, T. A., & Luo, Y. (2007). All in the family: The impact of caring for grandchildren on grandparents' health. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 62(2), S108–S119. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/62.2.s108
18. Jappens, M., & Van Bavel, J. (2019). Relationships with grandparents and grandchildren’s well-being after parental divorce. European Sociological Review, 35(6), 757–771. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcz033
19. Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2010). Benlik, aile ve insan gelişimi: Kültürel psikoloji (2. basım). Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları.
20. Kakunje, A. (2024). The important role of grandparents in a child’s development. Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences, 12(2), 141–142. https://doi.org/10.4103/amhs.amhs_253_24
21. Lebow, J. (2021). Attending to the larger system in systemic therapy and family research. Family Process, 60(4), 1079-1082. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12729
22. Lussier, G., Deater-Deckard, K., Dunn, J., & Davies, L. (2002). Support across two generations: Children’s closeness to grandparents following parental divorce and remarriage. Journal of Family Psychology, 16(3), 363−376.
23. Mansson, D. H. (2016). American grandchildren’s use of relational maintenance behaviors with their grandparents. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 14(4), 338–352. https://doi.org/10.1080/15350770.2016.1229553
24. Michałek-Kwiecień, J. (2020). Grandparental influence on young adult grandchildren: the role of grandparental empathy and quality of intergenerational relationships. Current Issues in Personality Psychology, 8(4), 329-338. https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp.2020.101301
25. Minuchin, P. (1985). Families and individual development: Provocations from the field of family therapy. Child Development, 56(2), 289–302. https://doi.org/10.2307/1129720
26. Mueller, M. and Elder, G. (2003). Family contingencies across the generations: grandparent‐grandchild relationships in holistic perspective. Journal of Marriage and Family, 65(2), 404-417. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2003.00404.x
27. Neugarten, B. L., & Weinstein, K. K. (1964). The changing American grandparent. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 26(2), 199–206. https://doi.org/10.2307/349727
28. Patterson, D. L. (1997). Adolescent mothering: Child-grandmother attachment. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 12(4), 228–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0882-5963(97)80006-1
29. Purwaningtyas, R., Barik, A., & Astuti, D. (2019). Obesity and stunting in childhood: Do grandparents play a role? A systematic review. Jurnal Ners, 14(3), 71-75. https://doi.org/10.20473/jn.v14i3.16986
30. Roberto, K. A., & Stroes, J. (1992). Grandchildren and grandparents: roles, influences, and relationships. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 34(3), 227–239. https://doi.org/10.2190/8CW7-91WF-E5QC-5UFN
31. Ruiz, S. A., & Silverstein, M. (2007). Relationships with grandparents and the emotional well-being of late adolescent and young adult grandchildren. Journal of Social Issues, 63(4), 793–808. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2007.00537.x
32. Sadruddin, A. F. A., Ponguta, L. A., Zonderman, A. L., Wiley, K. S., Grimshaw, A., & Panter-Brick, C. (2019). How do grandparents influence child health and development? A systematic review. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 239, 112476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112476
33. Samuel, P., Marsack, C., Johnson, L., LeRoy, B., Lysack, C., & Lichtenberg, P. (2016). Impact of grandchild caregiving on African American grandparents. Occupational Therapy in Health Care, 31(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/07380577.2016.1243821
34. Santrock, J. (2011). Life-span developmental Psychology. New York: McGraw Hill Companies, Inc.
35. Saxton, K. G. (2015). Effect of grandparent-grandchild interaction on socio-emotional and cognitive outcomes of adolescent grandchildren in sri lanka (Order No. 1605472). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (1753115175). Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/effect-grandparent-grandchild-interaction-on/docview/1753115175/se-2
36. Scharf M. (2015). Maturing and aging together: Emerging adult grandchildren–grandparents relationships. In Arnett J. J. (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of emerging adulthood (pp. 203–212). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
37. Sciplino, C., & Kinshott, M. (2019). Adult grandchildren’s perspectives on the grandparent-grandchild relationship from childhood to adulthood. Educational Gerontology, 45(2), 134–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2019.1584354
38. Şahin Yonca, B. K., & Tezel Şahin, F. (2020). Büyük ebeveynlerin torun bakımına ilişkin görüşleri. In B. Aytemur (Ed.), Gençlikten yaşlılığa eğitimde yeni yaklaşımlar (ss. 105–138). İKSAD Yayınları.
39. Taylan, H. H. (2009). Türkiye’de köy ailesinde aile içi ilişkiler. Selçuk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi(22), 117-138.
40. Tezcan, D. (2023). Büyük ebeveyn ve torun açısından aile değerlerinin aktarımı üzerine bir inceleme. APJEC - Academic Platform Journal of Education and Change, 6(1), 84-111. https://doi.org/10.55150/apjec.1254231
41. Thiele, D. M., & Whelan, T. A. (2006). The nature and dimensions of the grandparent role. Marriage & Family Review, 40(1), 93–108. https://doi.org/10.1300/J002v40n01_06
42. Thompson, G., Cameron, R., & Fuller‐Thomson, E. (2013). Walking the red road: The role of First Nations grandparents in promoting cultural well-being. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 76(1), 55-78. https://doi.org/10.2190/ag.76.1.c
43. Uğur, S. B. (2018). Büyük ebeveyn ve torun ilişkileri: Çocuk bakım pratikleri üzerine bir araştırma (Doktora tezi) Antalya. Akdeniz Üniversitesi.
44. Watson JA, Randolph SM, Lyons JL. (2005). African-American grandmothers as health educators in the family. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 60(4), 343-356. doi:10.2190/WPM7-Q6TH-CUAC-77DR
45. Wetzel, M., & Hank, K. (2020). Grandparents’ relationship to grandchildren in the transition to adulthood. Journal of Family Issues, 41(10), 1885-1904. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X19894355
46. Xu, H. (2019). Physical and mental health of Chinese grandparents caring for grandchildren and great-grandparents. Social Science & Medicine, 229, 106-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.05.047
47. Van Ranst N, Verschueren K, Marcoen A. (1995). The meaning of grandparents as viewed by adolescent grandchildren: An empirical study in Belgium. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 41(4), 311-324. https://doi:10.2190/PPLV-DWG7-HV9R-6LVB
48. Yadav, U., Yadav, S. K., Varma, N., & Rani, J. A. (2021). Association of demographic variables and stress level in grandparents rearing grandchildren of employed parents. MedS Alliance Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 1(2), 57–64. https://doi.org/10.3126/mjmms.v1i2.46498