Doğal Kaynaklar Temelinde İç Çatışmaların Ekonomik Teorisi

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2, 27 - 42, 15.06.2017

Yrd. Doç. Dr. Zelal Beyaz , Prof. Dr. İbrahim Bakırtaş

https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.417236

Cited By: 1

Öz

 II. Dünya Savaşı’nın sona ermesinden sonra, uluslararası savaşlardan daha yaygın hale gelmesine karşın, akademik çevre 1990’lı yılların sonlarına kadar silahlı iç çatışma sorununa ilişkin çalışmalara ağırlık vermemiştir. Bu tarihten itibaren yapılan pek çok çalışma doğal kaynaklar ile silahlı iç çatışma veya iç savaş başlangıcı, süresi ve şiddeti arasında bir ilişki olduğunu ileri sürmektedir. Literatürde doğal kaynaklar ile silahlı iç çatışma başlangıcı arasındaki ilişki altı farklı mekanizmayla açıklanmaktadır. Bunlar; açgözlü ayaklanma, dışarıdan müdahale, kindarlık, elverişlilik, zayıf devlet ve seyrek ticaret ağıdır. Mekanizmaların farklı önermeler üzerine inşa edilmiş olması hem terminolojik hem de kuramsal bir altyapının oluşturulmasını zorlaştırmaktadır Bazı kaynaklarda geçen teorilere diğer bazı kaynaklarda hiç yer verilmemesi ya da benzer teorilerin daha farklı, hatta bazen de çelişir şekilde kullanılması mevcut sorunu daha da büyütmektedir. Benzer şekilde farklı teorilerin sıralandığı iddia edilen kaynaklarda da sıralanan teorilerin birbiriyle iç içe oldukları, kullanılan teorilerin birbirinin tekrarından öteye geçemedikleri ya da tamamlayıcı oldukları görülmektedir. Mevcut literatürdeki bu eksiklik ve zorluklar bu çalışmanın hazırlanmasındaki ana etkendir. Bu etken bağlamında bu çalışmanın iki amacı vardır. Bunun ilki, mevcut çalışmalar ışığında doğal kaynaklar ile iç çatışma başlangıcı arasındaki ilişkiyi iç çatışma mekanizmaları yardımıyla iktisadi olarak tanımlamaktır. İkinci amaç ise bu tanımlamalarla terminolojik eşgüdümün oluşturulmasına ve kuramsal altyapının şekillenmesine katkıda bulunmaktır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Doğal Kaynaklar, Silahlı İç Çatışma, İç Savaş

Kaynakça

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