Gelir Eşitsizliğinin Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 3, 57 - 72, 15.09.2017

Arş. Grv. Dr. Seher Gülşah Topuz , Prof. Dr. Kemal Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.417276

Cited By: 3

Öz

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı gelir eşitsizliğinin ekonomik büyüme üzerinde bir etkisinin olup olmadığını tespit etmektir. Teorik literatürde gelir eşitsizliği ve ekonomik büyüme arasında negatif ya da pozitif ilişki olabileceği veya herhangi anlamlı bir ilişkinin bulunmadığı ileri sürülürken; ampirik çalışmalarda da teorik literatürle uyumlu olacak şekilde oldukça farklı sonuçların elde edildiği görülmektedir. Buna bağlı olarak bu çalışmada da gelir eşitsizliğinin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi farklı gelir seviyelerinde bulunan ülkeler için araştırılmaktadır. 154 ülkeye ait 1980-2014 dönemini kapsayan veri seti ile düşük ve düşük-orta gelirli ile üst-orta gelirli ve yüksek gelirli ülkeler için ayrı ayrı tahminler yapılmaktadır. Gelir eşitsizliğinde yaşanan değişimin ekonomik büyümeyi nasıl etkilediğine dair yapılan bu tahminlerde temel Solow büyüme modeli (1956) ve bu modele beşeri sermayenin de dahil edildiği Mankiw vd. (1992)’nin modeli diğer bir ifadeyle genişletilmiş Solow büyüme modeli kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmanın genel bulguları, gelir eşitsizliğinin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisinin ülkelerin gelir seviyelerine göre değişebileceğini göstermektedir. Düşük ve düşük-orta gelirli ülkelerde gelir eşitsizliğindeki artış ekonomik büyümeyi arttırırken üst-orta gelirli ve yüksek gelirli ülkelerde ise ekonomik büyümeyi azalttığını destekleyen kanıtlar elde edilmektedir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gelir Eşitsizliği, Ekonomik Büyüme, Solow Büyüme Modeli

Kaynakça

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