Çok Anlamlılığın Zihin Dil İlişkisindeki Rolü Üzerine: Bilişsel Anlambilimden Öğrendiklerimiz

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 3, 589 - 602, 27.09.2023

Tolgahan Toy

https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.1223481

Öz

Doğal dillerde sözlüksel muğlaklığın iki türü bulunmaktadır. Birincisi, farklı anlamların birbirleriyle ilişkili olmadığı eşadlılık durumu, ikincisi ise farklı anlamların ilişkili olduğu çok anlamlılık durumudur. Kelimelerin farklı anlamları arasındaki ilişkiler anlam kavramına nasıl yaklaşmamız gerektiği konusunda belirleyici bir rol oynamaktadır. Doğal dillerdeki çok anlamlılık olgusu biçimsel ve bilişsel anlambilim geleneklerinin arasındaki karşıtlıkta önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Biçimsel anlambilim, mantık ve bilgisayar biliminin de yardımıyla, anlamı öznel deneyimlerden olabildiğince ayırarak modellerken, bilişsel anlambilim ise dilsel anlamın deneyimlerimizle bir bütün oluşturduğunu iddia etmektedir. Bilişsel anlambilim dilsel ifadeleri anlamlandırma sürecinin arkasındaki mekanizmayı, diğer bir ifadeyle, yaşam formunun dilsel anlama katkısını ortaya çıkarmayı hedeflemektedir. Dilsel anlam, biçimsel bir şekilde, deneyimlerimizden, kavramsal derinliklerimizden, bilişsel süreçlerimizin bütününden bağımsız olarak incelenebilir mi? Bilişsel anlambilimciler bu soruya çok anlamlılık üzerinden cevap vermektedirler: Bilişsel anlambilimcilere göre, çok anlamlılık, deneyimlerimiz ile dilsel anlam arasında bulunan güçlü ilişkilerin bir yansımasıdır. Dolayısıyla, dilsel anlamın insan deneyimlerinden bağımsız incelenemeyeceğini iddia etmektedirler. Bu çalışmada bilişsel anlambilimin iddiaları çok anlamlılık üzerinden ele alınmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çok Anlamlılık, Bilişsel Anlambilim, Biçimsel Anlambilim, Metafor, İmge, Ad Aktarması

The Role of Polysemy in the Relationship Between Mind and Language: On What Cognitive Semantics Teaches

Öz

There are two kinds of lexical ambiguity in natural languages. The first one is homonymy, where different meanings are not related to each other. The second one is polysemy, where different meanings are related. The relationships between the different meanings of words play a decisive role in how we should approach the concept of meaning. Polysemy in natural languages has an important place in the controversy between cognitive and formal traditions. Formal semantics, with the help of logic and computer science, tries to model meaning by isolating it from subjective human experiences. Cognitive semantics, on the other hand, claims that human experience plays a crucial role in linguistic meaning. Cognitive semantics aims to reveal the mechanism behind the way we understand linguistic expressions. Can linguistic meaning be studied formally, independent of our experiences, conceptual depths, and cognitive processes as a whole? Cognitive semantics, answer this question in terms of polysemy. According to cognitive semantics, polysemy reflects the strong relationship between our experiences and linguistic meaning. Therefore, they argue that linguistic meaning cannot be studied in isolation. In this study, cognitive semantics’ criticism of formal semantics is discussed through polysemy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Polysemy, Cognitive Semantics, Formal Semantics, Metaphor, Image Schema, Metonymy

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