Küresel Siyaset Penceresinden Diasporaları Anlamak: Bir Analiz Çerçevesi Denemesi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 3, 899 - 920, 27.09.2023

Elif Madakbaş Gülener

https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.1323108

Öz

Küreselleşmenin yarattığı dünyanın siyaset bilimi ve uluslararası ilişkileri birbirine yaklaştırması, küresel siyaseti yeni bir çalışma alanı olarak gündeme getirmiştir. Alışık olduğumuz/tanıdık disiplinlere ait yerleşik kavramlar ve teoriler, günümüz olaylarını ve süreçlerini anlama noktasında yetersiz kalmaktadır. Diasporalar da bunlardan biridir. Bu doğrultuda, bu çalışmanın amacı, küresel siyaset penceresinden diasporaları analiz etmek için bir çerçeve önermektir. Öncelikle, küresel siyasetin nasıl bir alan olduğu anlaşılmaya çalışılarak diasporaların bu alandaki yeri incelenmiştir. Sonrasında ise hem küreselleşme hem de diaspora kavramları ile sık sık birlikte anılan ulus-ötesicilik ve kozmopolitçilik kavramları ele alınmıştır. Kavramsal farkların ortaya konulmasını takiben iç içe geçmiş kümeler şeklinde bir çerçeve oluşturulmuştur. Bu çerçevede en dış küme olan küresel siyaset kümesi, bir ‘analiz çerçevesi’ olarak konumlanmıştır. Alt kümeleri ise sırasıyla ‘olguları ve gerçek süreçleri’ anlatacak şekilde küreselleşme kümesi, ‘araştırma perspektifini’ işaret edecek şekilde ulus-ötesicilik kümesi, ‘aktörler’ olarak ise diasporalar kümesi oluşturmuştur. Diaspora kümesi içinde, aynı zamanda tüm kümelerin ortak yanı olarak, dikey ve yatay ağların dikkate alınması ile çok-seviyeli (dünya-bölgesel-ulusal-yerel) ve çok-boyutlu (siyaset, ekonomi, kültür) analizlerin gerekliliği yer almıştır. Kozmopolitçilik ise bir ideoloji, paradigma ve değerler sistemi olarak çerçevenin tercihe bağlı zemini olarak konumlanmıştır. Böyle bir çerçeve ile spesifik olarak diasporaları çalışmak için daha detaylı bir kavramsal ve daha kapsamlı bir teorik tartışma ise bir başka çalışmanın konusu olarak sonuç ve öneriler kısmında yer almıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Küresel Siyaset, Diaspora, Küreselleşme, Ulus-Ötesicilik, Kozmopolitçilik

Comprehension of Diasporas Through the Lens of Global Politics: A Proposal for a Framework of Analysis

Öz

The world created by globalization brings political science and international relations closer to each other and, at the same time, brings global politics to the agenda as a new field of study. Well-known concepts and theories of familiar disciplines are insufficient to understand today's events and processes. Diasporas are one of them. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to develop a framework for analyzing diasporas through the lens of global politics. First of all, the global politics as a field and the place of diasporas in the field is examined. Afterwards, the concepts of transnationalism and cosmopolitanism, which are often mentioned together with the concepts of globalization and diaspora, are discussed. After revealing the conceptual differences, a framework is developed in the form of nested clusters. In this framework, the outermost cluster of global politics is positioned as an analysis framework. Its sub-sets are formed by 'globalization' to describe phenomena and real processes, 'transnationalism' to indicate the research perspective, and 'diasporas' as actors. Within the diaspora cluster, at the same time as aspects of all clusters, the necessity of multi-level (world-regional-national-local) and multi-dimensional (politics, economy, culture) analyzes are located besides vertical and horizontal networks. Cosmopolitanism, on the other hand, is positioned as the optional ground of the framework as an ideology, paradigm and value system. With such a framework, a more detailed conceptual and more comprehensive theoretical discussion to study diasporas specifically is included in the conclusion and recommendations section as the subject of another study.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Global Politics, Diaspora, Globalization, Trans-Nationalism, Cosmopolitanism

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