Macaristan Dış Politikasının Yönelimleri ve Kamu Diplomasisi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 24 Sayı: Özel Sayı, 73 - 92, 01.10.2024

Mustafa Atatorun

https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.1422384

Öz

Bu çalışma, Macaristan’ın dış politika yönelimleri ışığında kamu diplomasisi uygulamalarını, araçlarını ve yöntemlerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bununla birlikte makalede, kamu diplomasisi çalışmalarının çeşitli konular veya temalar etrafında yapıldığı göz önünde bulundurularak, Macaristan’ın kimi ve/veya kimleri, neden ve nasıl etkilemeye çalıştığı gibi soruların cevapları da verilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda öncelikle, Macaristan kamu diplomasisi tarihinin iki dünya savaşı arasında uygulanan kültürel diplomasi faaliyetleriyle başladığı tartışılmaktadır. İkinci olarak, Soğuk Savaş sonrasında bağımsızlığını kazanan Macaristan dış politikasının yönelimleri açıklanmaktadır. Macaristan’ın Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde dış politika yönelimleri Batı (Avrupa ve Atlantik), bölgesel işbirliği, Macar azınlıklar ve Doğu açılımı şeklinde gerçekleşmiştir. Sonraki bölümde ise, makalede dış politika yönelimleri çerçevesinde Macaristan kamu diplomasisinde markalama stratejisi ve kültürel diplomasinin nasıl bir araya getirilerek yürütüldüğü ele alınmaktadır. Ayrıca eğitim, bilim ve spor alanlarındaki girişimlerin ülkeyi markalamak için nasıl kullanıldığına değinilmektedir. Sonuç olarak bu makale, Macaristan’ın, kamu diplomasisini dış politika amaçları ve çıkarları doğrultusunda etkili bir şekilde kullanabildiğini öne sürmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Macaristan, Macaristan Dış Politikası, Kamu Diplomasisi, Ülke Markalama, Kültürel Diplomasi

The Foreign Policy Orientations and The Public Diplomacy of Hungary

Öz

This study aims to examine practices, tools and methods of Hungary’s public diplomacy in consideration of its foreign policy orientations. In addition, by seeing the fact that the conducted public diplomacy studies are related with various subjects and themes, the article tries to give the answers of such questions as “Whom does Hungary intend to influence, why and how?” Accordingly, at first, it is discussed that Hungary’s history of public diplomacy began with the cultural diplomacy activities between the two world wars. Secondly, foreign policy orientations of Hungary, which gained its independence after the Cold War, are clarified. In post-Cold War period, the West (Europe and Atlantic), regional cooperation, Hungarian minorities and initiative for the East emerged as foreign policy orientations of Hungary. Subsequently in the article, how branding strategy and cultural diplomacy have been gathered in Hungary’s public diplomacy and how they have been carried out, are discussed questions in the frame of foreign policy orientations. Besides, it is addressed that how enterprises in the fields of education, science and sports are used for the country branding. Consequently, this article argues that Hungary has achieved to use its public diplomacy effectively in accordance with its foreign policy objectives and interests.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hungary, Hungarian Foreign Policy, Public Diplomacy, Country Branding, Cultural Diplomacy

Kaynakça

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