Uluslararası Girişimciliğin Proaktiflik Boyutu: Küresel Doğan İşletmeler Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma

Öz

Kuruluşlarını takiben kısa süreler içerisinde uluslararası pazarlarda faaliyet göstermeye başlayan, geleneksel uluslararasılaşma sürecine ilişkin yaklaşımların öngördüğü aşamalardan geçmeyen küçük ve orta büyüklükteki işletmeler alan yazında “Küresel Doğan İşletme” olarak anılmaktadır. Küresel doğan işletmelerin baskın özelliklerinden birisi de uluslararası girişimcilik yönelimidir. Alan yazında uluslararası girişimciliğin yenilikçilik, risk alma ve proaktiflik olmak üzere üç boyutundan bahsedilmektedir. Bu araştırmada, uluslararası girişimciliğin proaktiflik boyutu ele alınmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı, küresel doğan işletmelerin uluslararası girişimcilik yöneliminin bir boyutu olarak proaktif olmalarını etkileyen faktörleri tespit etmektir. Araştırmada, Sakarya ilinde, farklı sektörlerde bulunan, yedi küresel doğan işletme tespit edilmiş ve nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın amacına ve niteliğine uygun olarak örnek olay deseni tercih edilmiştir. Verilerin analiz sürecinde Nvivo 8 yazılımından faydalanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, küresel doğan işletmelerin proaktif olmalarını etkileyen faktörler; fuarlar, bilgi, bilgi kaynakları, yönetici özellikleri, ağ bağlantıları ve güven olmak üzere altı başlık altında toplanmış ve açıklanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Uluslararasılaşma
• Küresel Doğan İşletme
• Küçük ve Orta Büyüklükteki İşletme
• Uluslararası Girişimcilik
• Proaktiflik

The Proactiveness Dimension of International Entrepreneurship: A Qualitative Study On Born Global Firms

Öz

Born global firm approach can explain the early involvement of internationalized small and medium sized enterprises in international markets soon after inception without going through the steps proposed by traditional internationalization process. International entrepreneurship is one of the dominant characteristic of the born global firms. In the literature, three dimensions of international entrepreneurship orientation (which are risk taking, innovativeness and proactiveness) are emphasized. The aim of this study is to determine the factors which influence the proactive orientation of born global firms as being one of the dimensions of international entrepreneurship orientation. In the research, seven born global firm in different sectors in Sakarya have been identified and analyzed using qualitative research methods. Case study pattern is preferred in accordance with the purpose of the study. Nvivo 8 software was utilized in data analysis process. As a result of the research, factors affecting proactiveness of born global firms -including trade fairs, knowledge, knowledge sources, management characteristics, networks and trust- are discussed under six different headings.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Internationalization
• Born Global Firms
• Small and Medium Sized Enterprises
• International Entrepreneurship
• Proactiveness

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