ÇİN HALK CUMHURİYETİ’NDE TOPRAK YÖNETİMİ

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

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ÇİN HALK CUMHURİYETİ’NDE TOPRAK YÖNETİMİ

Öz

Makale, Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nde sosyalizmden kapitalizme doğru radikal yön değişikliğinin toprak rejimine yansımalarını incelemektedir. Toprağın günümüzdeki mülkiyet ve yönetim rejiminin ana hatlarının verilmesinin ardından, sosyalist dönemdeki kırsal üretim biçimi ile toprak rejimi üzerinde durulmaktadır. İzleyen bölümde, sosyalist ekonomik sistemden kopuşun kırsal ve kentsel topraklar üzerindeki etkileri incelenmektedir. Son olarak, toprak rejimindeki değişimin yarattığı toplumsal sorunlar tartışılmaktadır. Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nde kamu mülkiyeti biçimsel olarak korunmakla birlikte toprak metalaştırılmıştır. Süreç, 1970’lerin sonunda, kırda üretimden sorumlu birim olarak komünün yerine ailenin ikame edilmesiyle başlamıştır. Günümüzde, ikili piyasa ilişkileri çerçevesinde kiralama veya devir sözleşmeleriyle kullanım hakkı özelleştirilmekte, toprak ve üzerindeki taşınmazlar piyasada alım-satıma konu olmaktadır. Çin Komünist Partisi halen biçimsel kamu mülkiyeti yoluyla kapitalist mülkiyet ilişkilerini denetlemektedir. Ancak makalede varılan sonuç, günümüzdeki uygulamaların uzun erimde özel toprak mülkiyetine geçişin deneme süreçleri olduğudur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti, toprak mülkiyeti, toprak reformu, aile sorumluluk sistemi, toprağın özelleştirilmesi

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