Besin Alerjilerine Yönelik Güncel Tedavi Yöntemleri

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 103 - 108, 30.09.2019

Ümüş Özbey Ayşe Özfer Özçelik

Öz

Besin ögelerine karşı IgE kaynaklı hiper-reaktivite olarak adlandırılan besin alerjileri yaşamı tehdit eden ve görülme sıklığı giderek artan bir sağlık sorunudur. Tedavi yöntemleri güncellenmekle birlikte bilinen en temel ve etkin tedavi yöntemi alerjen besinin diyetten elimine edilmesidir. Eliminasyon diyetleri belli alerjen besinin veya alerjenin neye olduğunun bilinmediği durumlarda muhtemel alerjen besinlerin diyetten çıkarılması esasına dayanmaktadır. Bu diyetlerin devamlılığı alerji semptomlarının azalmasında yüksek oranda etkinlik gösterebilmektedir. Ancak elimine edilen besin veya besin ögelerinin zamanla vücuttaki yetersizliği düşünüldüğünde bu diyetlerin devamlılığı çeşitli sağlık sorunlarına yol açabilmektedir. Bu nedenle alerjen besinlerin tüketim toleransını arttırmaya yönelik yeni tedavi yöntemleri geliştirilmektedir. Oral immünoterapi (OİT), sublingual immünoterapi (SLİT) ve yoğun ısıtılmış veya fırınlanmış ürünlerle OİT olarak adlandırılan bu güncel yöntemler besin alerjisi olan bireylerde zamanla alerjene karşı duyarsızlık sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu terapiler aracılığı ile alerjen besine karşı zamanla tolerans sağlanmakta ve alerjen besinin tüketimi arttırılabilmektedir. Bu derlemede ise bu güncel tedavi yöntemlerinin açıklanarak etkinliğinin gösterilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alerji, Beslenme, Tedavi

Current Treatment Methods for Food Allergies

Öz

Food allergies, called IgE-induced hyper-reactivity to nutrients, are a life-threatening and increasingly common health problem. Although the treatment methods are updated, the most basic and effective treatment method is to eliminate the allergen food from the diet. Elimination diets are based on the exclusion of possible allergen nutrients from the diet in cases where certain allergen food or allergen is unknown. Continuity of these diets can be highly effective in reducing allergy symptoms. However, when the foods or nutrients that are eliminated are considered to be insufficient in the body, the continuity of these diets can cause various health problems. Therefore, new treatment methods are being developed to increase consumption tolerance of allergen foods. These current methods, called oral immunotherapy (OIT), sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) and OIT with intensely heated or baked products, aim to provide insensitivity to allergen over time in individuals with food allergy. Through these therapies, tolerance to allergen food can be achieved over time and consumption of allergen food can be increased. In this review, it is aimed to explain the effectiveness of these current treatment methods.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Allergy, Nutrition, Treatment

Kaynakça

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