Araştırma Makalesi
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DETERMINING THE FACTORS THAT PREVENTING NURSES BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 54 - 63, 01.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.53493/avrasyasbd.905648

Öz

The promotion of breast self-examination (BSE) in developing countries is the main strategy for reducing breast cancer-related mortality. For this reason, determining the barriers to perform BSE for nurses, who play a key role in the health education of the society, should be a priority step. This research was conducted to determine the barriers to perform BSE for nurses. The sample of this descriptive, cross-sectional study consisted of 276 nurses working in an education and research hospital, agreed to participate in the study. The data of the study, which was conducted between January and June 2020, were collected using face-to-face interview method via questionnaire form and Champion Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS). Number and percentage distribution, One Way ANOVA, Student t-test, Kruskal-Wallis, MannWhitney U test, Spearman Correlation and Multi-directional Regression Analysis were used in data analysis. The mean age of the nurses participating in the study was 32.56±9.07. 52.9% of the nurses are single and the majority (75.7%) are university graduates. 73.9% of the nurses perform BSE. The rate of those who perform BSE at the right time is 40.5%. The difference between the disability, trust, and health motivation sub-dimension mean scores of nurses who perform BSE and those who do not are statistically significant. In this study, according to the health belief model used to determine the barriers to nurses' BSE performance, disability perception scores were high, the factors that most affect the perception of disability were marriage, having children, the clinic which they work, breast cancer risk, age, working year and sensitivity, severity. It was determined that they had benefit, sense of trust and health motivation.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Aker S, Öz H, Tunçel EK. (2015). Practice of breast cancer early diagnosis methods among women living in Samsun, and factors associated with this practice. J Breast Health. 11:115–22.
  • 2. Akhigbe AO, Omuemu VO. (2009). Knowledge, attitudes and practice of breast cancer screening among female health workers in a Nigerian urban city. BMC Cancer. 9:203. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-203.
  • 3. Akhtari-Zavare M, Juni M, Said S, Ismail I. (2013). Beliefs and behavior of malaysia undergraduate female students in a public university toward breast self-examination practice. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 14(1):57-61.
  • 4. Aksoy Erkal Y, Çeber Turfan E, Sert E, Mermer G. (2015). Meme Kanseri Erken Tanı Yöntemlerine İlişkin Engeller. J Breast Health. 11:26-30. doi: 10.5152/tjbh.2014.2296
  • 5. Al-Battawi J, Sofar S. (2018). Utilization of health belief model as a guide for prediction of breast self-examination. International Journal for Research In Health Sciences and Nursing. 4(1):46-63. 4
  • 6. Altıntaş HK, Aslan GK. (2019). Meme Kanseri Kaderciliği Algısının Ebelerin ve Hemşirelerin Meme Kanseri Sağlığı İnançlarına Etkisi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 6 (1), 10-19. DOI: 10.31125 / hunhemsire.544103
  • 7. Alvur TM, Çınar N, Zengin H. (2019). Health belief model and breast canser in Sakarya: a cross sectional study. Uluslararası Hakemli Akademik Spor Sağlık ve Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, (30), 52-67.
  • 8. Bakır N, Demir C. (2020). Hemşirelerin Meme Kanseri, Kendi Kendine Meme Muayenesi ve Mamografiye İlişkin İnançlarının Belirlenmesi. CBU-SBED. 7(3): 266 -271
  • 9. Beydağ KD, Yürügen B. (2010).The effect of breast self-examination (BSE) education given to midwifery students on their knowledge and attitudes. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 11(6):1761–4.
  • 10. Bonsu AB, Ncama BP. (2018). Evidence of promoting prevention and the early detection of breast cancer among women, a hospital-based education and screening interventions in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev. 7 (1): 234.
  • 11. Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. (2018). Global cancer statistics. GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. 68(6):394–424.
  • 12. Canbulat N, Uzun O. (2008). Health beliefs and breast cancer screening behaviors among female health workers in Turkey. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 12(2),148-56.
  • 13. Ceylan S. (2017). Kadın Sağlık Çalışanlarının Kendi Kendine Meme Muayenesi Uygulamalarına Sağlık İnanç Düzeylerinin Etkisi, Üsküdar Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İstanbul.
  • 14. Champion VL, Skinner CS. (2008). The health belief model. health behavior and health education: theory, research, and practice. Glanz K, Rimer BK and Viswanath K. San Francisco. Jossey-Bass.
  • 15. Champion VL. (1984). Instrument development for health belief model constructs. Adv Nurs Sci. 6:73-85.
  • 16. Champion VL. (1987). The relationship of breast self examination to health belief model variables, Res Nurs Health. 10:375-382.
  • 17. Chowdhury R, David N, Bogale A, Nandy S, Habtemariam T, Tameru B. (2016). Assessing the Key Attributes of Low Utilization of Mammography Screening and Breast-self Exam among African-American Women. J Cancer. 7(5):532-7. doi: 10.7150/jca.12963.
  • 18. Corbex M, Burton R, Sancho-Garnier H. (2012). Breast cancer early detection methods for low and middle income countries, a review of the evidence. The Breast. 21(4):428–34. pmid:22289154
  • 19. Çavdar Y, Akyolcu N, Özbas A, Öztekin D, Ayoğlu T, Akyüz N. (2007). İstanbul, Türkiye'de kadın hekim ve hemşirelerin kendi kendine meme muayenesine yönelik uygulama ve tutumlarının belirlenmesi. Oncol Nurs Forumu. 2007; 34 (6): 1218-1221.
  • 20. Erbil N, Bölükbaş N. (2012). Beliefs, attitudes, and behavior of Turkish women about breast cancer and breast self-examination accordingto a Turkish version of the Champion health belief model scale. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prevention. 13(11), 5823-5828.
  • 21. Gözüm S, Karayurt Ö, Aydın İ. (2004). Meme Kanseri Taramalarında Champıon'un Sağlık İnanç Modeli Ölçeğinin Türkçe Uyarlamlarına İlişkin Sonuçlar. Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi. 6(1):71-85.
  • 22. Gürsoy AA, Mumcu HK, Çalık KY, Bulut HK, Nural N, Kahriman, et.al. (2011). Attitudes and health beliefs associated with breast cancer screening behaviors among Turkish women. Journal of Transcultural Nursing. 22(4),368-375.
  • 23. Heena H, Durrani S, Riaz M, AlFayyad I, Tabasim R, Parvez G, Abu-Shaheen A. (2019). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to breast cancer screening among female health care professionals: a cross sectional study. BMC Womens Health. 19(1):122. doi: 10.1186/s12905-019-0819-x.
  • 24. Karayurt Ö, Dramalı A. (2007). Adaptation of champion’s health belief model scale for Turkish women and evaluation of the selected variables associated with breast self-examination, Cancer Nurs. 30(1):69- 77.
  • 25. Kılıç D, Sağlam R, Kara Ö. (2009). Üniversite öğrencilerinde meme kanseri farkındalığını etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi. Meme Sağlığı Dergisi. 5(4), 195-199.
  • 26. Lee EH. (2003. Breast self-Examination Performance Among Korean Nurses. Journal for Nurses in Staff Development. 19:81-87.
  • 27. Lie JA, Roessink J, Kjaerheim K. (2006). Breast cancer and night work among Norwegian nurses. Cancer Causes Control. 17(1):39–44.
  • 28. Martei YM, Pace LE, Brock JE, Shulman LN. (2018). Breast cancer in low- and middle-income countries: Why we need pathology capability to solve this challenge. Clin Lab Med. 38:161
  • 29. Mekonnen BD. (2020). Breast selfexamination practice and associated factors among female healthcare workers in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 15(11): e0241961. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241961
  • 30. Mittra I, Baum M, Thornton H, Houghton J. (2000). Is clinical breast examination an acceptable alternative to mammographic screening? BMJ. 321:1071‑3.
  • 31. Özoğul E, Sucu G. (2019). Üniversitede Çalışan Kadınların Meme Kanserı̇nde Erken Tanıya Yönelı̇k Sağlık İnançları." Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi. (12)4:264-273.
  • 32. Safajou F, Soltani N, Amouzeshi Z. (2017). Barriers to Breast Cancer Screening in Nursing and Midwifery Personnel of Hospitals of Birjand, Iran. Mod Care J. 14(1):e11720. doi: 10.5812/modernc.11720.
  • 33. Santi SA, Meigs ML, Zhao Y, Bewick MA, Lafrenie RM, Conlon MS. (2015). A case-control study of breast cancer risk in nurses from Northeastern Ontario, Canada. Cancer Causes Control. 26(10):1421-8. doi: 10.1007/s10552-015-0633-1.
  • 34. Seah M, Tan S. (2007). Am I breast cancer smart? Assessing breast cancer knowledge among healthcare professionals. Singapore Med J. 48(2):158–62.
  • 35. Şeker E. (2016). Sakarya Üniversitesi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Merkez Kampüsünde Çalışan Hemşirelerin Meme Kanseri ve Kendi Kendine Meme Muayenesi Konusundaki Bilgi Düzeylerinin ve Uygulama Durumlarının Belirlenmesi, Düzce Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Düzce.
  • 36. Tabari, F, Abbaszadeh R, Torabi S, Amini F. (2017). Barriers of breast self-examination: A review study from Iranian researchers. Bali Medical Journal. 6(3), 562-568.
  • 37. Tarawneh E, Al-atiyyat N. (2012). Exploration of Barriers to Breast-self Examination and awareness. a review. Middle East Journal of Nursing. 6(4).
  • 38. Taştan S, Iyigün E, Kılıc A, Unver V. (2011). Health Beliefs Concerning Breast Self-examination of Nurses in Turkey. Asian Nurs Res. 5 (3): 151-156. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2011.09.001.
  • 39. Tobin EA, Okeowo PO. (2014). Breast self examination among secondary school teachers in South-South, Nigeria: A survey of perception and practice. J Public Health Epidermiol. 6:169–73.
  • 40. Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tieulent J, Jemal A. (2015). Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. 65(2), 87–108.
  • 41. Türk R, Eroğlu K, Terzioğlu F, Taşkın L. (2017). An Example from the Rural Areas of Turkey: Women Breast Cancer Risk Levels and Application and Knowledge Regarding Early Diagnosis-Scan of Breast Cancer. J Breast Health. 13(2):67-73. doi: 10.5152/tjbh.2017.2557.
  • 42. Uncu F, Bilgin N. (2011). Birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinde çalışan ebe ve hemşirelerin meme kanseri erken tanı uygulamalarına ilişkin bilgi, tutum ve davranışları. Eur J Göğüs Sağlığı. 7 (3): 167-175.
  • 43. World Health Organisation[WHO]. (2018a, March14). Cancer fact sheets: Breast cancer. Retrievedfrom http://www.who.int/cancer/prevention/diagnosis‐screening/breast‐cancer/en/ (Erişim Tarihi: 10.01.2021)
  • 44. Yılmaz M, Durmuş T. (2016). Türkiye'deki bir grup kadın sağlık çalışanı arasında sağlık inançları ve meme kanseri tarama davranışı. Eur J Göğüs Sağlığı. 12 (1): 18-24. https://dx.doi.org/10.5152/tjbh.2015.2715.
  • 45. Zejda JE, Kaleta A. (2020). Modes of Early Detection of Breast Cancer in Katowice Region, Poland. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Apr 12;17(8):2642. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17082642.

HEMŞİRELERİN KENDİ KENDİNE MEME MUAYENESİ YAPMASINI ENGELLEYEN FAKTÖRLERİN BELİRLENMESİ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 54 - 63, 01.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.53493/avrasyasbd.905648

Öz

Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde, kendi kendine meme muayenesinin (KKMM) yaygınlaştırılması meme kanserine bağlı ölüm oranını azaltmanın ana stratejisidir. Bu nedenle toplumun sağlık eğitiminde anahtar rol üstlenen hemşirelerin KKMM yapmasındaki engellerin belirlenmesi öncelikli adım olmalıdır. Bu araştırma hemşirelerin KKMM yapmasındaki engellerin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapıldı. Tanımlayıcı tipte, kesitsel tasarımdaki çalışmanın örneklemini İzmir ilinde bir eğitim araştırma hastanesinde çalışan, araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 276 hemşire oluşturdu. Ocak-Haziran 2020 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilen çalışmanın verileri yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile, anket formu ve Champion Sağlık İnanç Modeli Ölçeği (CSİMÖ) kullanılarak toplandı. Verilerin analizinde sayı ve yüzde dağılımı, One Way ANOVA, Student t-test, Kruskal-Wallis, MannWhitney U testi, Spearman Korelasyon ile Çok Yönlü Regresyon Analizi kullanıldı. Çalışmaya katılan hemşirelerin yaş ortalaması 32,56±9,07 idi. Hemşirelerin %52,9’u bekar, çoğunluğu (%75,7) üniversite mezunudur. Hemşirelerin %73,9’u KKMM yapmaktadır. KKMM’yi doğru zamanda yapanların oranı %40,5’dir. KKMM yapan ve yapmayan hemşirelerin güven, engel ve sağlık motivasyonu alt boyut puan ortalamaları arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır. Bu çalışmada hemşirelerin KKMM yapmasındaki engelleri tespit etmek için kullanılan sağlık inanç modeline göre engel algısı puanlarının yüksek olduğu, engel algısını en çok etkileyen faktörlerin evlilik, çocuk sahibi olma, çalışılan klinik, meme kanseri riski taşıma, yaş, çalışma yılı ile duyarlılık, ciddiyet, yarar, güven algısı ve sağlık motivasyonu olduğu saptandı.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Aker S, Öz H, Tunçel EK. (2015). Practice of breast cancer early diagnosis methods among women living in Samsun, and factors associated with this practice. J Breast Health. 11:115–22.
  • 2. Akhigbe AO, Omuemu VO. (2009). Knowledge, attitudes and practice of breast cancer screening among female health workers in a Nigerian urban city. BMC Cancer. 9:203. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-203.
  • 3. Akhtari-Zavare M, Juni M, Said S, Ismail I. (2013). Beliefs and behavior of malaysia undergraduate female students in a public university toward breast self-examination practice. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 14(1):57-61.
  • 4. Aksoy Erkal Y, Çeber Turfan E, Sert E, Mermer G. (2015). Meme Kanseri Erken Tanı Yöntemlerine İlişkin Engeller. J Breast Health. 11:26-30. doi: 10.5152/tjbh.2014.2296
  • 5. Al-Battawi J, Sofar S. (2018). Utilization of health belief model as a guide for prediction of breast self-examination. International Journal for Research In Health Sciences and Nursing. 4(1):46-63. 4
  • 6. Altıntaş HK, Aslan GK. (2019). Meme Kanseri Kaderciliği Algısının Ebelerin ve Hemşirelerin Meme Kanseri Sağlığı İnançlarına Etkisi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 6 (1), 10-19. DOI: 10.31125 / hunhemsire.544103
  • 7. Alvur TM, Çınar N, Zengin H. (2019). Health belief model and breast canser in Sakarya: a cross sectional study. Uluslararası Hakemli Akademik Spor Sağlık ve Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, (30), 52-67.
  • 8. Bakır N, Demir C. (2020). Hemşirelerin Meme Kanseri, Kendi Kendine Meme Muayenesi ve Mamografiye İlişkin İnançlarının Belirlenmesi. CBU-SBED. 7(3): 266 -271
  • 9. Beydağ KD, Yürügen B. (2010).The effect of breast self-examination (BSE) education given to midwifery students on their knowledge and attitudes. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 11(6):1761–4.
  • 10. Bonsu AB, Ncama BP. (2018). Evidence of promoting prevention and the early detection of breast cancer among women, a hospital-based education and screening interventions in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev. 7 (1): 234.
  • 11. Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. (2018). Global cancer statistics. GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. 68(6):394–424.
  • 12. Canbulat N, Uzun O. (2008). Health beliefs and breast cancer screening behaviors among female health workers in Turkey. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 12(2),148-56.
  • 13. Ceylan S. (2017). Kadın Sağlık Çalışanlarının Kendi Kendine Meme Muayenesi Uygulamalarına Sağlık İnanç Düzeylerinin Etkisi, Üsküdar Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İstanbul.
  • 14. Champion VL, Skinner CS. (2008). The health belief model. health behavior and health education: theory, research, and practice. Glanz K, Rimer BK and Viswanath K. San Francisco. Jossey-Bass.
  • 15. Champion VL. (1984). Instrument development for health belief model constructs. Adv Nurs Sci. 6:73-85.
  • 16. Champion VL. (1987). The relationship of breast self examination to health belief model variables, Res Nurs Health. 10:375-382.
  • 17. Chowdhury R, David N, Bogale A, Nandy S, Habtemariam T, Tameru B. (2016). Assessing the Key Attributes of Low Utilization of Mammography Screening and Breast-self Exam among African-American Women. J Cancer. 7(5):532-7. doi: 10.7150/jca.12963.
  • 18. Corbex M, Burton R, Sancho-Garnier H. (2012). Breast cancer early detection methods for low and middle income countries, a review of the evidence. The Breast. 21(4):428–34. pmid:22289154
  • 19. Çavdar Y, Akyolcu N, Özbas A, Öztekin D, Ayoğlu T, Akyüz N. (2007). İstanbul, Türkiye'de kadın hekim ve hemşirelerin kendi kendine meme muayenesine yönelik uygulama ve tutumlarının belirlenmesi. Oncol Nurs Forumu. 2007; 34 (6): 1218-1221.
  • 20. Erbil N, Bölükbaş N. (2012). Beliefs, attitudes, and behavior of Turkish women about breast cancer and breast self-examination accordingto a Turkish version of the Champion health belief model scale. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prevention. 13(11), 5823-5828.
  • 21. Gözüm S, Karayurt Ö, Aydın İ. (2004). Meme Kanseri Taramalarında Champıon'un Sağlık İnanç Modeli Ölçeğinin Türkçe Uyarlamlarına İlişkin Sonuçlar. Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi. 6(1):71-85.
  • 22. Gürsoy AA, Mumcu HK, Çalık KY, Bulut HK, Nural N, Kahriman, et.al. (2011). Attitudes and health beliefs associated with breast cancer screening behaviors among Turkish women. Journal of Transcultural Nursing. 22(4),368-375.
  • 23. Heena H, Durrani S, Riaz M, AlFayyad I, Tabasim R, Parvez G, Abu-Shaheen A. (2019). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to breast cancer screening among female health care professionals: a cross sectional study. BMC Womens Health. 19(1):122. doi: 10.1186/s12905-019-0819-x.
  • 24. Karayurt Ö, Dramalı A. (2007). Adaptation of champion’s health belief model scale for Turkish women and evaluation of the selected variables associated with breast self-examination, Cancer Nurs. 30(1):69- 77.
  • 25. Kılıç D, Sağlam R, Kara Ö. (2009). Üniversite öğrencilerinde meme kanseri farkındalığını etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi. Meme Sağlığı Dergisi. 5(4), 195-199.
  • 26. Lee EH. (2003. Breast self-Examination Performance Among Korean Nurses. Journal for Nurses in Staff Development. 19:81-87.
  • 27. Lie JA, Roessink J, Kjaerheim K. (2006). Breast cancer and night work among Norwegian nurses. Cancer Causes Control. 17(1):39–44.
  • 28. Martei YM, Pace LE, Brock JE, Shulman LN. (2018). Breast cancer in low- and middle-income countries: Why we need pathology capability to solve this challenge. Clin Lab Med. 38:161
  • 29. Mekonnen BD. (2020). Breast selfexamination practice and associated factors among female healthcare workers in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 15(11): e0241961. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241961
  • 30. Mittra I, Baum M, Thornton H, Houghton J. (2000). Is clinical breast examination an acceptable alternative to mammographic screening? BMJ. 321:1071‑3.
  • 31. Özoğul E, Sucu G. (2019). Üniversitede Çalışan Kadınların Meme Kanserı̇nde Erken Tanıya Yönelı̇k Sağlık İnançları." Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi. (12)4:264-273.
  • 32. Safajou F, Soltani N, Amouzeshi Z. (2017). Barriers to Breast Cancer Screening in Nursing and Midwifery Personnel of Hospitals of Birjand, Iran. Mod Care J. 14(1):e11720. doi: 10.5812/modernc.11720.
  • 33. Santi SA, Meigs ML, Zhao Y, Bewick MA, Lafrenie RM, Conlon MS. (2015). A case-control study of breast cancer risk in nurses from Northeastern Ontario, Canada. Cancer Causes Control. 26(10):1421-8. doi: 10.1007/s10552-015-0633-1.
  • 34. Seah M, Tan S. (2007). Am I breast cancer smart? Assessing breast cancer knowledge among healthcare professionals. Singapore Med J. 48(2):158–62.
  • 35. Şeker E. (2016). Sakarya Üniversitesi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Merkez Kampüsünde Çalışan Hemşirelerin Meme Kanseri ve Kendi Kendine Meme Muayenesi Konusundaki Bilgi Düzeylerinin ve Uygulama Durumlarının Belirlenmesi, Düzce Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Düzce.
  • 36. Tabari, F, Abbaszadeh R, Torabi S, Amini F. (2017). Barriers of breast self-examination: A review study from Iranian researchers. Bali Medical Journal. 6(3), 562-568.
  • 37. Tarawneh E, Al-atiyyat N. (2012). Exploration of Barriers to Breast-self Examination and awareness. a review. Middle East Journal of Nursing. 6(4).
  • 38. Taştan S, Iyigün E, Kılıc A, Unver V. (2011). Health Beliefs Concerning Breast Self-examination of Nurses in Turkey. Asian Nurs Res. 5 (3): 151-156. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2011.09.001.
  • 39. Tobin EA, Okeowo PO. (2014). Breast self examination among secondary school teachers in South-South, Nigeria: A survey of perception and practice. J Public Health Epidermiol. 6:169–73.
  • 40. Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tieulent J, Jemal A. (2015). Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. 65(2), 87–108.
  • 41. Türk R, Eroğlu K, Terzioğlu F, Taşkın L. (2017). An Example from the Rural Areas of Turkey: Women Breast Cancer Risk Levels and Application and Knowledge Regarding Early Diagnosis-Scan of Breast Cancer. J Breast Health. 13(2):67-73. doi: 10.5152/tjbh.2017.2557.
  • 42. Uncu F, Bilgin N. (2011). Birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinde çalışan ebe ve hemşirelerin meme kanseri erken tanı uygulamalarına ilişkin bilgi, tutum ve davranışları. Eur J Göğüs Sağlığı. 7 (3): 167-175.
  • 43. World Health Organisation[WHO]. (2018a, March14). Cancer fact sheets: Breast cancer. Retrievedfrom http://www.who.int/cancer/prevention/diagnosis‐screening/breast‐cancer/en/ (Erişim Tarihi: 10.01.2021)
  • 44. Yılmaz M, Durmuş T. (2016). Türkiye'deki bir grup kadın sağlık çalışanı arasında sağlık inançları ve meme kanseri tarama davranışı. Eur J Göğüs Sağlığı. 12 (1): 18-24. https://dx.doi.org/10.5152/tjbh.2015.2715.
  • 45. Zejda JE, Kaleta A. (2020). Modes of Early Detection of Breast Cancer in Katowice Region, Poland. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Apr 12;17(8):2642. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17082642.
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Serpil Abalı Çetin 0000-0003-0922-7060

Aliye Okgün Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-6889-363X

Esra Erikmen 0000-0002-6282-7746

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Mart 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Abalı Çetin, S., Okgün, A., & Erikmen, E. (2022). DETERMINING THE FACTORS THAT PREVENTING NURSES BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION. Avrasya Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(1), 54-63. https://doi.org/10.53493/avrasyasbd.905648
AMA Abalı Çetin S, Okgün A, Erikmen E. DETERMINING THE FACTORS THAT PREVENTING NURSES BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION. AvrasyaSBD. Ocak 2022;5(1):54-63. doi:10.53493/avrasyasbd.905648
Chicago Abalı Çetin, Serpil, Aliye Okgün, ve Esra Erikmen. “DETERMINING THE FACTORS THAT PREVENTING NURSES BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION”. Avrasya Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 5, sy. 1 (Ocak 2022): 54-63. https://doi.org/10.53493/avrasyasbd.905648.
EndNote Abalı Çetin S, Okgün A, Erikmen E (01 Ocak 2022) DETERMINING THE FACTORS THAT PREVENTING NURSES BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION. Avrasya Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 5 1 54–63.
IEEE S. Abalı Çetin, A. Okgün, ve E. Erikmen, “DETERMINING THE FACTORS THAT PREVENTING NURSES BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION”, AvrasyaSBD, c. 5, sy. 1, ss. 54–63, 2022, doi: 10.53493/avrasyasbd.905648.
ISNAD Abalı Çetin, Serpil vd. “DETERMINING THE FACTORS THAT PREVENTING NURSES BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION”. Avrasya Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 5/1 (Ocak 2022), 54-63. https://doi.org/10.53493/avrasyasbd.905648.
JAMA Abalı Çetin S, Okgün A, Erikmen E. DETERMINING THE FACTORS THAT PREVENTING NURSES BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION. AvrasyaSBD. 2022;5:54–63.
MLA Abalı Çetin, Serpil vd. “DETERMINING THE FACTORS THAT PREVENTING NURSES BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION”. Avrasya Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 5, sy. 1, 2022, ss. 54-63, doi:10.53493/avrasyasbd.905648.
Vancouver Abalı Çetin S, Okgün A, Erikmen E. DETERMINING THE FACTORS THAT PREVENTING NURSES BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION. AvrasyaSBD. 2022;5(1):54-63.