Terapide Sanal Gerçeklik Uygulamalarının Etkililiği: Bir Meta-Analiz Çalışması

Öz

Sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarının psikoloji alanında kullanılmaya başlanması 15 yıllık bir süreci kapsamasına karşın bu uygulamalar son zamanlarda özellikle bilişsel davranışçı terapi yaklaşımını benimseyen uzmanlar tarafından, başta maruz bırakma tekniği olmak üzere, birden çok tedavi yönteminde tercih edilen bir uygulama haline gelmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı genel olarak çeşitli bozuklukların tedavisinde sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarının ele alındığı araştırmaların meta-analizini yapmak ve sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarının etkililiğinin kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenmesidir. Mevcut meta-analiz, PRISMA beyanına uygun olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan taramalar sonucu 1029 çalışmaya ulaşılmıştır ve ekleme-çıkarma ölçütlerine uygun bulunan 17 çalışma meta analize dahil edilmiştir. Yapılan heterojenite testi sonuçlarına göre çalışmaların dağılımının homojen olduğu belirlenmiştir (Q=23.09, p>.01). Heterojenite testi için I² istatistiği incelendiğinde dahil edilen çalışmaların düşük düzeyde heterojen olduğu görülmektedir (I²=30.71). Rastgele etkiler modeli dahilinde, çeşitli bozuklukların tedavisinde sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarının etkililiğine ilişkin genel etki büyüklüğü istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (η2 = 0.73). Elde edilen genel etki büyüklüğü Hedges’ g değeri orta etki büyüklüğü değer aralığına karşılık gelmektedir. Ulaşılan sonuca göre stres kaynaklı bozukluklar, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, topluluk önünde konuşma kaygısı, sosyal anksiyete bozukluğu, düşme fobisi, yükseklik fobisi, uçak fobisi, sosyal fobi, örümcek fobisi, agorafobi, panik bozukluk, diğer özgül fobilerin tedavisi ve empati geliştirme çalışmalarında sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarının etkili bir tedavi yaklaşımı olduğu söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sanal Gerçeklik
• VRET
• Meta-Analiz

Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Applications in Therapy According to Various Criteria: A Meta-Analysis Study

Öz

Virtual reality (VR) applications have been increasingly utilized in the field of psychology over the past 15 years, particularly within cognitive-behavioral therapy, where VR is now a preferred method in multiple exposure techniques. This study conducted a meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of VR in treating various mental disorders. The meta-analysis followed PRISMA guidelines and included 17 studies out of 1,029 initially identified. Based on the heterogeneity test results, the studies were found to be homogeneously distributed (Q=23.09, p>.01), with a low level of heterogeneity (I²=30.71). The random effects model revealed a statistically significant overall effect size (η²= 0.73) for VR's effectiveness. This corresponds to a Hedges' g value indicating a medium to large effect size. The results suggest that VR is an effective treatment for a wide range of disorders, including stress-related conditions, post-traumatic stress disorder, social anxiety, fear of public speaking, agoraphobia, specific phobias (e.g., spiders, heights, flying), and panic disorder. Additionally, VR has shown promise in empathy development interventions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Virtual Reality
• Meta-Analysis
• VRET

Kaynakça

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