Ağrı Psikolojisinin Dönüşümü: Tarihsel Bağlamda Kuram ve Modeller Üzerine Bütüncül Bir Değerlendirme

Öz

Ağrıya ilişkin bilimsel anlayış, özellikle 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren biyomedikal modelin dar çerçevesinden çıkarak bilişsel, duygusal, davranışsal ve sosyal etkenleri içeren çok boyutlu bir yapıya evrilmiştir. Bu değişimde Kapı Kontrol Teorisi gibi klasik açıklama modellerinin yanı sıra, modern nörogörüntülemeye dayalı ve elektrofizyolojik yöntemlerin sağladığı kanıtlarla gelişen nörobilişsel yaklaşımlar önemli rol oynamıştır. Söz konusu tarihsel ilerleme, ağrının yalnızca fizyolojik bir uyarı değil, merkezi sinir sistemi, psikolojik süreçler ve sosyal bağlamın etkileşimiyle şekillenen öznel bir deneyim olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Kuramsal perspektifteki genişleme ayrıca bilişsel davranışçı terapi, kabul ve kararlılık terapisi ve bilinçli farkındalık temelli müdahaleler gibi terapi modellerinin kronik ağrı tedavisinde etkin, kanıta dayalı seçenekler olarak benimsenmesinin de önünü açmıştır. Bütün bu gelişmelerle paralel olarak, literatürde ‘ağrı psikolojisi’ adıyla anılan disiplinler arası alan ortaya çıkmış, hem akademik hem de klinik düzeyde giderek artan bir meşruiyet kazanmıştır. Bu derleme, ağrı psikolojisi alanını şekillendiren başlıca kuram ve modellerin gelişim sürecini, temel varsayımlarını ve klinik alana yansımalarını bütüncül ve eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla ele almakta; böylece hem literatürdeki mevcut bilgi birikimini sentezlemeyi hem de araştırma ve klinik uygulamalara yön verecek güncel bir referans çerçevesi sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ağrı
• ağrı psikolojisi
• ağrı kuramları
• klinik sağlık psikolojisi
• tarih

Etik Beyan

Çalışma anlatısal derleme türünde olduğundan dolayı etik kurul izni gerektirmektedir.

The Transformation of Pain Psychology: A Holistic Evaluation of Theories and Models in Historical Context

Öz

Since the second half of the twentieth century, the scientific understanding of pain has evolved beyond the biomedical model to a multidimensional conception that encompasses cognitive, affective, behavioral, and social factors. In this shift, alongside classical explanatory models such as the Gate Control Theory, neurocognitive approaches shaped by evidence from modern neuroimaging and electrophysiological methods have played a significant role. This historical progression has demonstrated that pain is not merely a physiological signal but a subjective experience shaped by interactions among the central nervous system, mental processes, and social context. The expansion of theoretical perspectives has also paved the way for therapy models—such as cognitivebehavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and mindfulness-based interventions—to be adopted as effective, evidence-based options for treating chronic pain. Parallel to all these developments, the interdisciplinary field referred to in the literature as ‘pain psychology’ has emerged and has gained increasing legitimacy at both academic and clinical levels. From an integrative and critical standpoint, this review examines the development, core assumptions, and clinical implications of the major theories and models that have shaped pain psychology, aiming to synthesize the existing literature and provide a contemporary reference framework to guide research and clinical practice.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• pain
• pain psychology
• pain theories
• clinical health psychology
• history

Etik Beyan

Since the study is a narrative review, it does not require ethics committee approval.

Kaynakça

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