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Depresif Özellikler Taşıyan Bir Danışanın Psikoterapi Sürecinde Terapötik Çerçevenin Rolü

Yıl 2019, , 334 - 361, 01.10.2019
https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.580497

Öz

Psikoterapi uygulamasının genel iskeleti ve yapısal özelliklerini oluşturan terapötik
çerçevenin farklı yönlerine ve kendine özgü işlevlerine yönelik çeşitli bakış açıları
mevcuttur. Bu olgu çalışması, hem terapötik çerçevenin uygulamadaki görüngülerine
dair bir örnek sunmayı, hem de kavramın depresif özellikler taşıyan bir danışanın
psikoterapi süreci boyunca duygusal ihtiyaçları ve zihinsel temsillerinin anlaşılmasındaki
rolünü ele almayı amaçlamaktadır. Danışan, depresif duygulanım ve ilişkisel çatışma
sorunları ile psikoterapiye başvurmuştur. Psikoterapi süreci terapistin klinik psikoloji
lisansüstü eğitimi kapsamında yürütülmüş, genel olarak nesne ilişkileri kuramı
doğrultusunda ve özel olarak terapötik çerçeve kavramı açısından detaylı olarak
kavramsallaştırılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, ilişkisel çatışmaları devam ettiren mekanizmaların
ve gelişimsel özelliklerin psikoterapi ilişkisi içinde aktarım ve karşı aktarım yoluyla
anlaşılması önemli bulunmuştur. Ayrıca kültürel etmenlerin gerek terapötik çerçevenin
işlevleri, gerekse aktarım-karşı aktarım ilişkisi üzerindeki olası etkileri tartışılmıştır.
Sonuç olarak bu olgu örneğinde içsel ve kişilerarası sınırların değerlendirilmesi, uygun
müdahale yollarının planlanması ve danışanın şikâyetleriyle ilişkili ilişkisel zorlukların
anlaşılmasında terapötik çerçevenin özellikle kapsayıcılık ve dış gerçeklik işlevlerinin ön
plana çıktığı görülmüştür. 

Teşekkür

Bu çalışmanın bir kısmı “19th Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi: Barış ve Psikoloji” adlı kongrede poster bildiri olarak sunulmuştur. Sunulan olgu ile yürütülen psikoterapi çalışması için süpervizyon aldığım Dr. Canan Büyükaşık Çolak, Doç. Dr. Deniz Canel Çınarbaş ve Prof. Dr. Faruk Gençöz’e teşekkür ederim.

Kaynakça

  • Akhtar, S. (Ed.) (2011). Unusual interventions: Alterations of the frame, method, and relationship in psychotherapy and psychoanalysis. London: Karnac Books.
  • Altstadt, A. L. (1992). The Azerbaijani Turks: Power and identity under Russian rule. USA: Hoover Press.
  • American Psychological Association. (2017). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. 17 Haziran 2019, http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx
  • Arnd-Caddigan, M. (2013). Don't let the doorknob hit you: A relational-intersubjective exploration of leaving and remaining within the therapeutic frame. Psychoanalytic Social Work, 20(2), 134-149. doi: 10.1080/15228878.2013.791868
  • Aron, L., & Starr, K. (2012). A psychotherapy for the people: Toward a progressive psychoanalysis. Routledge.
  • Bass, A. (2007). When the frame does not fit the picture. Psychoanalytic Dialogues: The International Journal of Relational Perspectives, 17(1), 1-27. doi: 10.1080/10481880701301022
  • Bick, E. (1968). The experience of the skin in early object relations. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 49, 484-486.
  • Bion W. R. (1977). Learning from experience. In W. R. Bion (Ed.), Seven servants. New York: Jason Aronson.
  • Bowlby, J. (2005). A secure base: Clinical applications of attachment theory. London: Routledge.
  • Brenda, S. (2002). Borders and brethren: Iran and the challenge of Azerbaijani identity. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Brenner, I. (2011). Making extraordinary monetary arrangements. In S. Akhtar (Ed.) Unusual interventions: Alterations of the frame, method, and relationship in psychotherapy and psychoanalysis (pp. 3-29). London: Karnac Books.
  • Casement, P. (1990). Further learning from the patient. London: Routledge.
  • Charman, D. (2004). Core processes in brief psychodynamic psychotherapy: Advancing effective practice. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Clarkson, P., & Nuttall, J. (2000). Working with countertransference. Psychodynamic Counselling, 6(3), 359-379. doi: 10.1080/13533330050132125.
  • Coles, A., Harrison, F., & Todd, S. (2019). Flexing the frame: Therapist experiences of museum-based group art psychotherapy for adults with complex mental health difficulties, International Journal of Art Therapy, 24(2), 56-67. doi: 10.1080/17454832.2018.1564346.
  • Epstein, R. S. (1994). Keeping boundaries: Maintaining safety and integrity in the psychotherapeutic process. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, Inc.
  • Erten, Y. (2014). Habil ve Kabil: Doğan ilk insanla ölen ilk insanın; öldüren ilk insanla öldürülen ilk insanın ilişkisi üzerine. N. Keskinöz Bilen (Ed.), Kardeşi Anla(t)mak içinde (s. 53-67). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Feldman, R., & Eidelman, A. I. (2004). Parent-infant synchrony and the social-emotional development of triplets. Developmental Psychology, 40(6), 1133-1147. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.40.6.1133
  • Flanders, J. L., Leo, V., Paquette, D., Pihl, R. O., & Séguin, J. R. (2009). Rough‐and‐tumble play and the regulation of aggression: an observational study of father–child play dyads. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 35(4), 285-295. doi: 10.1002/ab.20309.
  • Gabbard G. (2007). Flexibility of the frame revisited: Commentary on Tony Bass's “When the frame doesn't fit the picture”. Psychoanalytic Dialogues: The International Journal of Relational Perspectives, 17(6), 923-929. doi: 10.1080/10481880701704100.
  • Gabbard, G.O. (2000). Disguise or consent: Problems and recommendations concerning publication and presentation of clinical material. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 81(6), 1071-1086.
  • Gabbard, G. O. (1982). The exit line: Heightened transference-countertransference manifestations at the end of the hour. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 30(3), 579–598.doi: 10.1177/000306518203000302.
  • Gabbard, G. O., & Lester, E. P. (1995). Boundaries and boundary violations in psychoanalysis. New York: Basic Books.
  • Gödeş, M. (2018). Psikoterapide çerçevenin önemi. Türkiye Bütüncül Psikoterapi Dergisi, 1(2), 134-153. http://dergipark.org.tr/bpd/issue/38757/399624
  • Gray, A. (1994). An introduction to the therapeutic frame. New York: Routledge.
  • Gregson, K., & Lane, R.C. (2000). On the begining of dyadic therapy: The frame and the therapeutic relationship. Journal of Psychotherapy in Independent Practice, 1(3), 31-41. doi:10.1300/J288v01n03_03
  • House, R. (2018). Deconstructing profession-centred therapeutic practice: Resistance, boundaries and" frame", holding," material" generation. In Therapy Beyond Modernity (pp. 49-68). London: Routledge.
  • Howard, S. (2010). Setting the scene for therapy: The therapeutic frame. In S. Howard (Ed.), Skills in psychodynamic counseling and psychotherapy (pp. 27-41). London: Sage.
  • Jordan, M., & Marshall, H. (2010). Taking counseling and psychotherapy outside: Destruction or enrichment of the therapeutic frame? European Journal of Psychotherapy and Counselling, 12(4), 345-359. doi: 10.1080/13642537.2010.530105
  • Khanlou, P. (1994). Ali Salimi, composer: Putting memories to music. Azerbaijan International, 78, 54-55.
  • Khodayarifard, M., Rehm, L. P., & Khodayarifard, S. (2007). Psychotherapy in Iran: A case study of cognitive-behavioral family therapy for Mrs. A. Journal of Clinical Psychology: In session, 63(8), 745–753. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20389.
  • Kiosses, D. N., Teri, L., Velligan, D. I., & Alexopoulos, G. S. (2011). A home‐delivered intervention for depressed, cognitively impaired, disabled elders. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 26(3), 256-262. doi: 10.1002/gps.2521
  • Klein M. (1952). Notes on some schizoid mechanisms. In M. Klein, P. Heimann, S. Isaacs, J. Riviere (Eds). Developments in psycho-analysis (pp. 292–320). London: Hogarth.
  • Langs, R. (1982). Psychotherapy: A basic text. New York: Jason Aronson, Inc.
  • Langs, R. (2004). The power of ground rules. In D. Charman (Ed). Core processes in brief psychodynamic psychotherapy: Advancing effective practice (pp. 215-230). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Laor, I. (2007). The therapist, the patient, and the therapeutic setting: Mutual construction of the setting as a therapeutic factor. Psychoanalytic Dialogues: The International Journal of Relational Perspectives, 17(1), 29-46. doi: 10.1080/10481880701301055
  • Lemma, A. (2003). Introduction to the practice of psychoanalytic psychotherapy. England: Wiley.
  • Levy, J., Goldstein, A., & Feldman, R. (2017). Perception of social synchrony induces mother–child gamma coupling in the social brain. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 12(7), 1036-1046. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsx032.
  • Mahalik, J. R., van Ormer, E. A., & Simi, N. L. (2000). Ethical issues in using self-disclosure in feminist therapy. In M. M. Brabeck (Ed.). Practicing feminist ethics in psychology (pp. 189-201). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Mahler, M. S., Pine, F., & Bergman, A. (1975). The Psychological Birth of the Human Infant: Symbiosis and Individuation. New York: Basic Books.
  • Mann, D. (2005). Erotic transference and countertransference: Clinical practice in psychotherapy. NY: Routledge.
  • Maroda, K. J. (2010). Psychodynamic techniques: Working with emotion in the therapeutic relationship. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
  • McWilliams, N. (2010). Psikanalitik tanı: Klinik süreç içinde kişilik yapısını anlamak (2. baskı).(E. Kalem, Çev.). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Milner, M. (1952). Aspects of symbolism and comprehension of the not-self. International Journal of Psycho-analysis, 33, 181-85.
  • Milton, M. J. (1993). The frame in psychotherapy: Langs and Casement compared. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 6(2), 143-150. doi: 10.1080/09515079308254501
  • Mitchell, S.A.(1988). Relational concepts in psychoanalysis: An integration. Cambridge, MA: Harward University Press.
  • Mitchell, S. A., & Black, M. J. (1995). Freud and beyond. New York: Basic Books.
  • Moorey, S. (2014). "Is it them or is it me?" Transference and countertransference in CBT. In A. Whittington & N. Grey (Eds.). How to become a more effective CBT therapist: Mastering Metacompetence in clinical practice (pp. 132-145). UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Panksepp, J. (2001). The long-term psychobiological consequences of infant emotions: Prescriptions for the twenty-first century. Neuropsychoanalysis, 3(2), 149-178. doi: 10.1080/15294145.2001.10773353
  • PDM Task Force (2006). Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual. Silver Spring, MD: Alliance of Psychoanalytic Organizations.
  • Prasko, J., Diveky, T., Grambal, A., Kamaradova, D., Mozny, P., Sigmundova, Z., ... & Vyskocilova, J. (2010). Transference and countertransference in cognitive behavioral therapy. Biomedical Papers, 154(3), 189-198.
  • Renn, P. (2010). Attachment, security, separation and psychological differentiation. 14 Temmuz 2017, http://www.counselling-directory.org.uk/counsellor- articles/attachment-securityseparation-and-psychological-differentiation.
  • Smith, J. (2017). Building and maintaining the therapeutic relationship. In Psychotherapy içinde (pp. 125-139). Springer, Cham. doi: 0.1007/978-3-319-49460-9_11
  • Thompson, R. A. (2000). The legacy of early attachments. Child Development, 71(1), 145-152. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.00128.
  • Türk Psikologlar Derneği (2004). Türk Psikologlar Derneği Etik Yönetmeliği. 13 Aralık 2017, http://www.psikolog.org.tr/turkey-code-tr.pdf.
  • Wicks-Nelson, R., & Israel, A. C. (2009). Abnormal child and adolescent psychology (7. baskı). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • Winnicott, D. W. (2005). Playing and reality (2. baskı). New York: Routledge.
  • Young, R. (2005). The analytic frame, abstinence and acting out. 9 Eylül 2014, http://humannature.com/rmyoung/papers/pap110h.html

The role of Therapeutic Frame in Psychotherapy Process of a Client with Depressive Features

Yıl 2019, , 334 - 361, 01.10.2019
https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.580497

Öz

Constituting the main framework and structural features of psychotherapy, therapeutic
frame is studied from various perspectives in terms of its different aspects and functions.
This case study aimed both to illustrate the practices of therapeutic frame and to discuss
the role of therapeutic frame in understanding the emotional needs and internal
representations of a depressive client. The case was presenting with depressive mood and
a number of relationship conflicts. Psychotherapy process was conducted during clinical
psychology education of the therapist in accordance with object relations theory
framework. Concepts of transference and countertransference were also integrated in
this context in order to examine the relational patterns and developmental
characteristics. The effects of possible cultural factors on therapeutic frame’s functions
and transference-countertransference dynamics were also discussed. All in all, the
assessment of interpersonal and intrapersonal boundaries, planning the interventions,
and elaborating on the presenting problems in psychotherapy are concluded to be closely
related to the therapeutic frame’s functions of containment and external reality for this
case example.

Kaynakça

  • Akhtar, S. (Ed.) (2011). Unusual interventions: Alterations of the frame, method, and relationship in psychotherapy and psychoanalysis. London: Karnac Books.
  • Altstadt, A. L. (1992). The Azerbaijani Turks: Power and identity under Russian rule. USA: Hoover Press.
  • American Psychological Association. (2017). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. 17 Haziran 2019, http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx
  • Arnd-Caddigan, M. (2013). Don't let the doorknob hit you: A relational-intersubjective exploration of leaving and remaining within the therapeutic frame. Psychoanalytic Social Work, 20(2), 134-149. doi: 10.1080/15228878.2013.791868
  • Aron, L., & Starr, K. (2012). A psychotherapy for the people: Toward a progressive psychoanalysis. Routledge.
  • Bass, A. (2007). When the frame does not fit the picture. Psychoanalytic Dialogues: The International Journal of Relational Perspectives, 17(1), 1-27. doi: 10.1080/10481880701301022
  • Bick, E. (1968). The experience of the skin in early object relations. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 49, 484-486.
  • Bion W. R. (1977). Learning from experience. In W. R. Bion (Ed.), Seven servants. New York: Jason Aronson.
  • Bowlby, J. (2005). A secure base: Clinical applications of attachment theory. London: Routledge.
  • Brenda, S. (2002). Borders and brethren: Iran and the challenge of Azerbaijani identity. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Brenner, I. (2011). Making extraordinary monetary arrangements. In S. Akhtar (Ed.) Unusual interventions: Alterations of the frame, method, and relationship in psychotherapy and psychoanalysis (pp. 3-29). London: Karnac Books.
  • Casement, P. (1990). Further learning from the patient. London: Routledge.
  • Charman, D. (2004). Core processes in brief psychodynamic psychotherapy: Advancing effective practice. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Clarkson, P., & Nuttall, J. (2000). Working with countertransference. Psychodynamic Counselling, 6(3), 359-379. doi: 10.1080/13533330050132125.
  • Coles, A., Harrison, F., & Todd, S. (2019). Flexing the frame: Therapist experiences of museum-based group art psychotherapy for adults with complex mental health difficulties, International Journal of Art Therapy, 24(2), 56-67. doi: 10.1080/17454832.2018.1564346.
  • Epstein, R. S. (1994). Keeping boundaries: Maintaining safety and integrity in the psychotherapeutic process. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, Inc.
  • Erten, Y. (2014). Habil ve Kabil: Doğan ilk insanla ölen ilk insanın; öldüren ilk insanla öldürülen ilk insanın ilişkisi üzerine. N. Keskinöz Bilen (Ed.), Kardeşi Anla(t)mak içinde (s. 53-67). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Feldman, R., & Eidelman, A. I. (2004). Parent-infant synchrony and the social-emotional development of triplets. Developmental Psychology, 40(6), 1133-1147. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.40.6.1133
  • Flanders, J. L., Leo, V., Paquette, D., Pihl, R. O., & Séguin, J. R. (2009). Rough‐and‐tumble play and the regulation of aggression: an observational study of father–child play dyads. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 35(4), 285-295. doi: 10.1002/ab.20309.
  • Gabbard G. (2007). Flexibility of the frame revisited: Commentary on Tony Bass's “When the frame doesn't fit the picture”. Psychoanalytic Dialogues: The International Journal of Relational Perspectives, 17(6), 923-929. doi: 10.1080/10481880701704100.
  • Gabbard, G.O. (2000). Disguise or consent: Problems and recommendations concerning publication and presentation of clinical material. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 81(6), 1071-1086.
  • Gabbard, G. O. (1982). The exit line: Heightened transference-countertransference manifestations at the end of the hour. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 30(3), 579–598.doi: 10.1177/000306518203000302.
  • Gabbard, G. O., & Lester, E. P. (1995). Boundaries and boundary violations in psychoanalysis. New York: Basic Books.
  • Gödeş, M. (2018). Psikoterapide çerçevenin önemi. Türkiye Bütüncül Psikoterapi Dergisi, 1(2), 134-153. http://dergipark.org.tr/bpd/issue/38757/399624
  • Gray, A. (1994). An introduction to the therapeutic frame. New York: Routledge.
  • Gregson, K., & Lane, R.C. (2000). On the begining of dyadic therapy: The frame and the therapeutic relationship. Journal of Psychotherapy in Independent Practice, 1(3), 31-41. doi:10.1300/J288v01n03_03
  • House, R. (2018). Deconstructing profession-centred therapeutic practice: Resistance, boundaries and" frame", holding," material" generation. In Therapy Beyond Modernity (pp. 49-68). London: Routledge.
  • Howard, S. (2010). Setting the scene for therapy: The therapeutic frame. In S. Howard (Ed.), Skills in psychodynamic counseling and psychotherapy (pp. 27-41). London: Sage.
  • Jordan, M., & Marshall, H. (2010). Taking counseling and psychotherapy outside: Destruction or enrichment of the therapeutic frame? European Journal of Psychotherapy and Counselling, 12(4), 345-359. doi: 10.1080/13642537.2010.530105
  • Khanlou, P. (1994). Ali Salimi, composer: Putting memories to music. Azerbaijan International, 78, 54-55.
  • Khodayarifard, M., Rehm, L. P., & Khodayarifard, S. (2007). Psychotherapy in Iran: A case study of cognitive-behavioral family therapy for Mrs. A. Journal of Clinical Psychology: In session, 63(8), 745–753. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20389.
  • Kiosses, D. N., Teri, L., Velligan, D. I., & Alexopoulos, G. S. (2011). A home‐delivered intervention for depressed, cognitively impaired, disabled elders. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 26(3), 256-262. doi: 10.1002/gps.2521
  • Klein M. (1952). Notes on some schizoid mechanisms. In M. Klein, P. Heimann, S. Isaacs, J. Riviere (Eds). Developments in psycho-analysis (pp. 292–320). London: Hogarth.
  • Langs, R. (1982). Psychotherapy: A basic text. New York: Jason Aronson, Inc.
  • Langs, R. (2004). The power of ground rules. In D. Charman (Ed). Core processes in brief psychodynamic psychotherapy: Advancing effective practice (pp. 215-230). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Laor, I. (2007). The therapist, the patient, and the therapeutic setting: Mutual construction of the setting as a therapeutic factor. Psychoanalytic Dialogues: The International Journal of Relational Perspectives, 17(1), 29-46. doi: 10.1080/10481880701301055
  • Lemma, A. (2003). Introduction to the practice of psychoanalytic psychotherapy. England: Wiley.
  • Levy, J., Goldstein, A., & Feldman, R. (2017). Perception of social synchrony induces mother–child gamma coupling in the social brain. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 12(7), 1036-1046. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsx032.
  • Mahalik, J. R., van Ormer, E. A., & Simi, N. L. (2000). Ethical issues in using self-disclosure in feminist therapy. In M. M. Brabeck (Ed.). Practicing feminist ethics in psychology (pp. 189-201). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Mahler, M. S., Pine, F., & Bergman, A. (1975). The Psychological Birth of the Human Infant: Symbiosis and Individuation. New York: Basic Books.
  • Mann, D. (2005). Erotic transference and countertransference: Clinical practice in psychotherapy. NY: Routledge.
  • Maroda, K. J. (2010). Psychodynamic techniques: Working with emotion in the therapeutic relationship. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
  • McWilliams, N. (2010). Psikanalitik tanı: Klinik süreç içinde kişilik yapısını anlamak (2. baskı).(E. Kalem, Çev.). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Milner, M. (1952). Aspects of symbolism and comprehension of the not-self. International Journal of Psycho-analysis, 33, 181-85.
  • Milton, M. J. (1993). The frame in psychotherapy: Langs and Casement compared. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 6(2), 143-150. doi: 10.1080/09515079308254501
  • Mitchell, S.A.(1988). Relational concepts in psychoanalysis: An integration. Cambridge, MA: Harward University Press.
  • Mitchell, S. A., & Black, M. J. (1995). Freud and beyond. New York: Basic Books.
  • Moorey, S. (2014). "Is it them or is it me?" Transference and countertransference in CBT. In A. Whittington & N. Grey (Eds.). How to become a more effective CBT therapist: Mastering Metacompetence in clinical practice (pp. 132-145). UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Panksepp, J. (2001). The long-term psychobiological consequences of infant emotions: Prescriptions for the twenty-first century. Neuropsychoanalysis, 3(2), 149-178. doi: 10.1080/15294145.2001.10773353
  • PDM Task Force (2006). Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual. Silver Spring, MD: Alliance of Psychoanalytic Organizations.
  • Prasko, J., Diveky, T., Grambal, A., Kamaradova, D., Mozny, P., Sigmundova, Z., ... & Vyskocilova, J. (2010). Transference and countertransference in cognitive behavioral therapy. Biomedical Papers, 154(3), 189-198.
  • Renn, P. (2010). Attachment, security, separation and psychological differentiation. 14 Temmuz 2017, http://www.counselling-directory.org.uk/counsellor- articles/attachment-securityseparation-and-psychological-differentiation.
  • Smith, J. (2017). Building and maintaining the therapeutic relationship. In Psychotherapy içinde (pp. 125-139). Springer, Cham. doi: 0.1007/978-3-319-49460-9_11
  • Thompson, R. A. (2000). The legacy of early attachments. Child Development, 71(1), 145-152. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.00128.
  • Türk Psikologlar Derneği (2004). Türk Psikologlar Derneği Etik Yönetmeliği. 13 Aralık 2017, http://www.psikolog.org.tr/turkey-code-tr.pdf.
  • Wicks-Nelson, R., & Israel, A. C. (2009). Abnormal child and adolescent psychology (7. baskı). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • Winnicott, D. W. (2005). Playing and reality (2. baskı). New York: Routledge.
  • Young, R. (2005). The analytic frame, abstinence and acting out. 9 Eylül 2014, http://humannature.com/rmyoung/papers/pap110h.html
Toplam 58 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Psikoloji
Bölüm Olgu Sunumu
Yazarlar

İlknur Dilekler 0000-0002-9231-8141

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ekim 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Haziran 2019
Kabul Tarihi 7 Eylül 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019

Kaynak Göster

APA Dilekler, İ. (2019). Depresif Özellikler Taşıyan Bir Danışanın Psikoterapi Sürecinde Terapötik Çerçevenin Rolü. AYNA Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 6(3), 334-361. https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.580497