Psychological Well-being in Adolescents with Lower SES: The Roles of System Justifying Beliefs, Anger, and Admiration

Öz

The present study investigated whether the psychological well-being of adolescents with lower socio-economic status (SES) was related to adolescents’ beliefs about economic inequality and their emotions regarding wealthy peers. The study focused on beliefs about economic inequality from the perspective of system justification theory, which taps individuals’ motivation to justify the existing economic, social, and political arrangements. In terms of emotions, we narrowed our attention to anger and admiration, which are highly relevant emotions in the current study context. We argued that anger and admiration derived from thinking of wealthy peers would mediate the association between economic system justification and well-being in lower SES adolescents. The study sample consisted of 182 high school students coming from lower SES families in Turkey. Anger and admiration were measured in various domains of intergroup relations between SES groups. These domains were material consumption opportunities, family factors, future opportunities and power, perceptions about competence and physical attractiveness, interpersonal relationships, and education opportunities. Results demonstrated that although well-being was positively associated with system justification, it was negatively related to total anger score and total admiration score. Anger, particularly anger derived from thinking of wealthy peers’ material consumption opportunities, mediated the link between economic system justification and well-being. However, although the total admiration score was negatively related to well-being, economic system justification was not significantly related to neither total admiration score nor admiration domains. The results indicated the importance of considering the role of emotions about wealthy peers and economic system justification in understanding well-being among adolescents with lower SES.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• socio-economic status
• system justification
• emotions
• adolescence
• psychological well-being

Düşük Sosyo-Ekonomik Statüdeki Ergenlerde Psikolojik İyi Oluş: Sistemi Meşrulaştırıcı İnançların, Öfke ve Hayranlık Duygularının Rolü

Öz

Bu çalışmada, düşük sosyo-ekonomik statüdeki (SES) ergenlerin psikolojik iyi oluşlarının ergenlerin varlıklı akranlarıyla ilgili hissettikleri duygularla ve ekonomik eşitsizliğe dair inançlarıyla ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada, ekonomik eşitsizlikle ilgili inançlar bireylerin mevcut ekonomik, sosyal ve politik düzenlemeleri meşrulaştırma ve savunma motivasyonunu konu alan sistemi meşrulaştırma kuramı perspektifinden ele alınmıştır. Duygulardan ise mevcut çalışma bağlamı ile oldukça ilişkili olan iki duyguya, öfke ve hayranlık duygularına odaklanılmıştır. Çalışmada varlıklı akranlarla ilgili hissedilen öfke ve hayranlık duygularının ekonomik sistemi meşrulaştırma ve iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkiye aracılık edeceği ileri sürülmüştür. Araştırmanın örneklemini göreli düşük SES’ye sahip 182 lise öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Öfke ve hayranlık duyguları SES grupları arasında farklı sonuçlar ortaya çıkarma olasılığı olan çeşitli bağlamlarda ölçülmüştür. Bu bağlamlar şunlardır: maddi tüketim imkânları, ailesel etkenler, geleceğe yönelik imkânlar ve güç, yetkinlik ve fiziksel çekicilik algısı, kişilerarası ilişkiler ve eğitim imkânları. Sonuçlar, iyi oluşun sistemi meşrulaştırma puanı ile pozitif, öfke toplam puanı ve hayranlık toplam puanı ile negatif ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca öfkenin, özellikle de varlıklı akranların “maddi tüketim imkânları”na sahip olduğu için duyulan öfkenin, ekonomik sistemi meşrulaştırma ve psikolojik iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkiye aracılık ettiği ortaya konulmuştur. Bununla birlikte, hayranlığın toplam puanın ve özellikle “maddi tüketim imkânları” ve “kişilerarası ilişkiler” boyutları alanındaki hayranlığın, iyi oluş ile negatif ilişkisi bulunsa da sistemi meşrulaştırma ile istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişkisi bulunmamıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçları, düşük SES’deki ergenlerin psikolojik iyi oluşlarını anlamada, varlıklı akranlarla ilgili öfke ve hayranlık duygularının ve ekonomik sisteme meşruiyet atfetmeye yönelik eğilimlerinin rolünü de göz önünde bulundurmanın önemine işaret etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• sosyo-ekonomik statü
• sistemi meşrulaştırma
• duygular
• ergenlik
• psikolojik iyi oluş

Kaynakça

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